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56-522: The building is located in the south of the city centre, it consists of six wings of courts and offices that radiate out from a public reception area, called the Salle des Pas Perdus (English: Hall of Lost Steps ). The entrance to the building is via a large staircase on ground level from the Bolivarplaats (English: Bolivar Place ) rising over tram lines and onto the Salle des Pas Perdus. Bolivarplaats

112-464: A plaza , public square or urban square ) is an open public space commonly found in the heart of a traditional town , and which is used for community gatherings. A square in a city may be called a city square . Related concepts are the civic center , the market square and the village green . Most squares are hardscapes suitable for open markets , concerts , political rallies, and other events that require firm ground. They are not necessarily

168-557: A "square" has a wider meaning. There are public squares of the type described above but the term is also used for formal open spaces surrounded by houses with private gardens at the centre, sometimes known as garden squares . Most of these were built in the 18th and 19th centuries. In some cases the gardens are now open to the public. See the Squares in London category. Additionally, many public squares were created in towns and cities across

224-476: A central public square, Victoria Square , and four public squares in the centre of each quarter of the city. North Adelaide has two public squares. The city was also designed to be surrounded by park lands , and all of these features still exist today, with the squares maintained as mostly green spaces. In Mainland China, People's Square is a common designation for the central town square of modern Chinese cities, established as part of urban modernization within

280-609: A committee of ministers of the Flemish and Dutch governments, their advisory council of appointed experts, a controlling commission of 22 parliamentarians, and a secretariat. The term Flemish can be applied to the Dutch spoken in Flanders; it shows many regional and local variations. The main dialect groups include West Flemish , East Flemish , Brabantian and Limburgish . French (specifically Belgian French ) may also be used in

336-495: A library, a dining room and the Salle des Pas Perdus. It holds the following judicial services: When the Richard Rogers Partnership was designing the building they focused a great deal of attention on its environmental aspects of the project, and also on the effective use of energy. Therefore, a low environmental impact was important when designing the building. Natural light and ventilation was designed into

392-645: A new building to house the Antwerp law courts. The jury was composed of representatives of the Antwerp city council, the Flemish Region , the federal justice system, architects from Belgium and abroad, the Régie des Bâtiments and the Order of Architects. The architectural competition consisted of two phases. In the first phase, any interested architectural practice could submit preliminary draft designs anonymously to

448-554: A new tunnel, the Bolivar Tunnel ( Dutch : Bolivartunnel ), which would be constructed at the same time and replace the old AMAM Tunnel ( A ansluiting M et AM erikalei (English: Connection with Amerikalei ) under the Bolivarplaats. The tunnel is still occasionally referred to as the AMAM Tunnel, instead of the Bolivar Tunnel. The Régie des Bâtiments organised an international architectural competition in 1998 to design

504-692: A particle in a proper noun. Like the Italian piazza and the Portuguese praça , the plaza remains a center of community life that is only equaled by the market-place. A plaza de toros is a bullring . Shopping centers may incorporate 'plaza' into their names, and plaza comercial is used in some countries as a synonym for centro comercial i.e. "shopping center". In the United Kingdom, and especially in London and Edinburgh ,

560-479: A plaza can mean one of several things: Today's metropolitan landscapes often incorporate the plaza as a design element, or as an outcome of zoning regulations, building budgetary constraints, and the like. Sociologist William H. Whyte conducted an extensive study of plazas in New York City : his study humanized the way modern urban plazas are conceptualized, and helped usher in significant design changes in

616-400: A true geometric square . Being centrally located, town squares are usually surrounded by small shops such as bakeries, meat markets, cheese stores, and clothing stores. At their center is often a well , monument , statue or other feature. Those with fountains are sometimes called fountain squares . The term "town square" (especially via the term "public square") is synonymous with

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672-729: Is Platz , which also means "Place", and is a common term for central squares in German-speaking countries. These have been focal points of public life in towns and cities from the Middle Ages to today. Squares located opposite a Palace or Castle ( German : Schloss ) are commonly named Schlossplatz . Prominent Plätze include the Alexanderplatz , Pariser Platz and Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, Heldenplatz in Vienna, and

728-460: Is a back formation, since krásnaja (the term for "red") also means "beautiful" in archaic and poetic Russian, with many cities and towns throughout the region having locations with the name "Red Square." Gwanghwamun Plaza ( Korean : 광화문광장) also known as Gwanghwamun Square) is a public open space on Sejongno , Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea. It against the background of A Gwanghwamun Gate(Korean: 광화문). In 2009, Restoration of Gwanghwamun Gate made

784-675: Is a cognate of Italian piazza and French place (which has also been borrowed into English). The term is used across Spanish-speaking territories in Spain and the Americas, as well as in the Philippines . In addition to smaller plazas, the Plaza Mayor (sometimes called in the Americas as Plaza de Armas , "armament square" where troops could be mustered) of each center of administration held three closely related institutions:

840-470: Is a common term for an open area in the heart of the town . In a number of cities, the square has no individual name and is officially designated Central Square , for example Central Square (Tolyatti) . The most famous central square is the monumentally-proportioned Red Square which became a synecdoche for the Soviet Union during the 20th century; nevertheless, the association with "red communism"

896-408: Is a large public town square . The most public areas of the building are the Salle des Pas Perdus along with offices courtrooms close it. The more secure areas being further away, that are not accessible to the general public. The building has 1 underground and 5 above-ground floors, with two underground parking garages for staff. Offices are on 3 floors in each of the six wings. The contract to design

952-509: Is considered one of the essential features in urban planning and they are often adjacent to bazaars, large mosques and other public buildings. Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan and Azadi Square in Tehran are examples of classic and modern squares. Several countries use the term "maidan" across Eastern Europe and Central Asia, including Ukraine, in which the term became well-known globally during

1008-461: Is home to a diversified modern economy, with emphasis put on research and development. Many enterprises work closely with local knowledge and research centres to develop new products and services. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was €270 billion in 2018, accounting for 59% of Belgium's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €36,300 or 136% of the EU27 average in

1064-601: Is known in the Southwestern United States , is a common feature within the boundaries of the former provincial kingdom of Santa Fe de Nuevo México . They are a blend of Hispano and Pueblo design styles, several of which continue to be hubs for cities and towns in New Mexico , including Santa Fe Plaza , Old Town Albuquerque , Acoma Pueblo 's plaza, Taos Downtown Historic District , Mesilla Plaza , Mora , and Las Vegas Plaza . In U.S. English ,

1120-582: Is visible from the public reception area, the Salle des Pas Perdus. The outer roof cladding consists of a 0.4 mm thick stainless steel. Because of their size and weight, the sail roofs were transported by river via the Scheldt to Ledeganckkaai. There the four parts of a sail roof were unloaded and loaded onto a truck. The four parts were assembled and mounted on the final fastening points via a temporary construction tower. All sail roofs were installed by mid-April 2004. Town square A town square (also

1176-787: The Brussels-Capital Region . Hence, the Flemish Region is governed by the Flemish Community institutions. However, members of the Flemish Community parliament elected in the Brussels-Capital Region have no right to vote on Flemish regional affairs. The Flemish Region comprises five provinces , each consisting of administrative arrondissements that, in turn, contain municipalities (in total 300 municipalities in Flanders). The seat of

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1232-728: The Euromaidan . A piazza ( Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjattsa] ) is a city square in Italy , Malta , along the Dalmatian coast and in surrounding regions. Possibly influenced by the centrality of the Forum (Roman) to ancient Mediterranean culture, the piazze of Italy are central to most towns and cities. Shops, businesses, metro stations, and bus stops are commonly found on piazzas, and in multiple locations also feature Roman Catholic Churches , such as in places known as

1288-758: The Grand-Place in Brussels and the Grote Markt in Antwerp ). The Grote Markt or Grand-Place is often the location of the town hall , hence also the political centre of the town. The Dutch word for square is plein , which is another common name for squares in Dutch-speaking regions (for example Het Plein in The Hague ). In the 17th and 18th centuries, another type of square emerged,

1344-595: The Königsplatz in Munich. A large open square common in villages, towns and cities of Indonesia is known as alun-alun . It is a Javanese term which in modern-day Indonesia refers to the two large open squares of kraton compounds. It is typically located adjacent a mosque or a palace. It is a place for public spectacles, court celebrations and general non-court entertainments. In traditional Persian architecture, town squares are known as maydan or meydan. A maydan

1400-811: The Parliament Building and the City Hall officially named John Mackintosh Square is referred to as The Piazza. In the Low Countries , squares are often called "markets" because of their usage as marketplaces . Most towns and cities in Belgium and the southern part of the Netherlands have in their historical centre a Grote Markt (literally "Big Market") in Dutch or Grand-Place (literally "Grand Square") in French (for example

1456-673: The Piazza del Duomo , with the most famous perhaps being at Duomo di Milan , or government buildings, such as the Piazza del Quirinale adjacent from the Quirinal Palace of the Italian president. The Piazza San Marco in Venice and Piazza del Popolo in Rome are among the world's best known. The Italian piazzas historically played a major role in the political developments of Italy in both

1512-449: The cathedral , the cantabile or administrative center, which might be incorporated in a wing of a governor's palace , and the audiencia or law court. The plaza might be large enough to serve as a military parade ground. At times of crisis or fiestas , it serves as the gathering space for large crowds. Diminutives of plaza include plazuela and the latter's double diminutive plazoleta , which can be occasionally used as

1568-464: The Britselei. However, this was discounted due to the residential nature of the area around the law courts. In the 1990s, the Régie des Bâtiments created an interdepartmental working group that was created to look for the most suitable locations within the city. Different locations were considered, the result of which was a proposal that the building should be in the south of the city on the site of

1624-432: The Flemish Region for certain administrative purposes in a limited number of the so-called " municipalities with language facilities " around the Brussels-Capital Region and on the border with Wallonia . These "rim municipalities" around Brussels are Drogenbos , Kraainem , Linkebeek , Sint-Genesius-Rode , Wemmel and Wezembeek-Oppem . Brussels was originally a Dutch-speaking city (Brabantian dialect to be exact), but it

1680-544: The Flemish parliament is located in Brussels, which is an enclave within – but not part of – the Flemish region, being specified that the Brussels-Capital Region is established as an administrative region of Belgium in its own right. In contrast, the Walloon parliament has established its parliament in the territory of Wallonia , specifically in the city of Namur , Namur Province . Flanders

1736-885: The Italian Medieval Era and the Italian Renaissance. For example, the Piazza della Signoria in Florence remains synonymous with the return of the Medici from their exile in 1530 as well as the burning at the stake of Savonarola during the Italian Inquisition . The Italian term is roughly equivalent to the Spanish plaza , the French term place, the Portuguese praça, and the German Platz. Not to be confused, other countries use

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1792-931: The UK as part of urban redevelopment following the Blitz . Squares can also be quite small and resemble courtyards, especially in the City of London . In some cities, especially in New England , the term "square" (as its Spanish equivalent, plaza ) is applied to a commercial area (like Central Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts ), usually formed around the intersection of three or more streets, and which originally consisted of some open area (many of which have been filled in with traffic islands and other traffic calming features). Many of these intersections are irregular rather than square. The placita (Spanish for "little plaza"), as it

1848-483: The area. The official language of the Flemish Region is Dutch . The dialect cluster spoken in the region is sometimes colloquially referred to as Flemish ( Vlaams ), Flemish Dutch ( Vlaams-Nederlands ), Belgian Dutch ( Belgisch-Nederlands ), or Southern Dutch ( Zuid-Nederlands ). Spelling and grammar are regulated by a single authority, the Dutch Language Union ( Nederlandse Taalunie ), comprising

1904-550: The building was awarded to the Richard Rogers Partnership in association with Arup and VK Studio offices who proposed "an efficient, subtle and transparent building with a powerful symbolic image" with a "respect for the human scale". Ivan Harbour , the Project Partner at Richard Rogers Partnership , said of the building "Despite the building’s mass, we created a structure that was sympathetic to

1960-434: The building. Rainwater is collected and then reused for sanitary purposes and to water the gardens. The runoff and wastewater are collected through separate systems. The landscape was planned with green embankments serve as a visual and acoustic barrier against the noise and pollution from the nearby motorway, to do this, 100 roof-shaped plane trees were planted on Bolivarplaats in front of the building. The trees were planted in

2016-488: The construction phase. The site, which was owned by the Belgian state, was made available to Justinvest under a long-term lease. The main building contractors selected were Interbuild, KBC and Artesia Construction of the building began on 3 April 2001, and by 22 July 2003, the 32 sail roofs began to be mounted on the building. A design study was necessary to determine the type of materials and construction methods required for

2072-547: The designers met the conditions for participation. From the ten submitted designs, the jury then selected three designs to go onto the second phase, where the jury evaluated the preliminary drafts on the basis of criteria set out in the competition rules. On 23 April 1999, it was announced that the winning team was the consortium from the United Kingdom of the Richard Rogers Partnership and Ove Arup & Partners , and VK Studio from Belgium. Richard Rogers and Arup were

2128-494: The gate's front space as a public plaza. The square has been renovated to modern style has new waterways & rest Areas, exhibition Hall for Excavated Cultural Assets in 2022 Aug. The Spanish-language term for a public square is plaza ( [ˈplasa] or [ˈplaθa] depending on the dialectal variety). It comes from Latin platea , with the meaning of 'broad street' or 'public square'. Ultimately coming from Greek πλατεῖα (ὁδός) plateia (hodos) , it

2184-615: The inhabitants of the Flemish Region and the Dutch-speaking minority living in the Brussels-Capital Region . It borders the Netherlands and France . Immediately after its establishment in 1980, the region transferred all its constitutional competencies to the Flemish Community . Thus, the current Flemish authorities ( Flemish Parliament and Flemish Government ) represent all the Flemish people , including those living in

2240-425: The jury. Ten architects submitted draft designs, mainly from Belgium, but also from the Netherlands, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The designs were then evaluated and classified on the basis of the competition rules by the jury. The jury's classification was then binding on the architect/developer. On 5 October 1998, the identities of each designer was then announced to the jury. The jury then examined whether

2296-667: The last few decades. These squares are the site of government buildings, museums and other public buildings. One such square, Tiananmen Square , is a famous site in Chinese history due to it being the site of the May Fourth Movement , the Proclamation of the People's Republic of China , the 1976 Tiananmen Incident , the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests , and all Chinese National Day Parades . The German word for square

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2352-451: The making of plazas. They can be used to open spaces for low-income neighborhoods, and can also the overall aesthetic of the surrounding area boosting economic vitality, pedestrian mobility and safety for pedestrians. Most plazas are created out of a collaboration between local non-profit applicants and city officials which requires approval from the city. Throughout North America, words like place , square , or plaza frequently appear in

2408-497: The names of commercial developments such as shopping centers and hotels. Flemish Region The Flemish Region ( Dutch : Vlaams Gewest , pronounced [ˌvlaːms xəˈʋɛst] ), usually simply referred to as Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen [ˈvlaːndərə(n)] ), is one of the three regions of Belgium —alongside the Walloon Region and the Brussels-Capital Region . Covering

2464-408: The northern portion of the country, the Flemish Region is primarily Dutch -speaking. With an area of 13,626 km (5,261 sq mi), it accounts for only 45% of Belgium's territory, but 58% of its population. It is one of the most densely populated regions of Europe with around 500/km (1,300/sq mi). The Flemish Region is distinct from the Flemish Community : the latter encompasses both

2520-416: The old Antwerp-South railway station . This site offered several advantages, namely that it would have the possibility of a clearly recognisable building, it was close to both the existing law courts on the Britselei, the Antwerp prison and the federal police, and lastly, it would have a good connection with the rest of the city with easy access to public transport. The proposed law courts would sit on top of

2576-679: The phrase to refer to an unrelated feature of architectural or urban design, such as the "piazza" at King's Cross station in London or piazza as used by some in the United States, to refer to a verandah or front porch of a house or apartment, such as at George Washington's historic home Mount Vernon . Several countries, especially around the Mediterranean Sea, feature Italian-style town squares. In Gibraltar, one such town square just off Gibraltar 's Main Street , between

2632-474: The politics of many cultures, and the names of a certain town squares, such as the Euromaidan or Red Square , have become symbolic of specific political events throughout history. The city centre of Adelaide and the adjacent suburb of North Adelaide , in South Australia, were planned by Colonel William Light in 1837. The city streets were laid out in a grid plan , with the city centre including

2688-465: The sail roofs. Wind tunnel studies were needed to determine the loads that they would need to bear during extreme weather conditions. Each of the 32 sail roofs was formed from four prefabricated quarters, which were assembled on-site with a system of bolts. The sail roofs were initially assembled in the former Cockerill shipyard workshop in Hoboken , a district of Antwerp. The wood lining of the sail roofs

2744-917: The same teams responsible for designing the Pompidou Centre in Paris, the Lloyd's building in London and the European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg . On 3 March 2000 the contract was signed between each of the parties so that detailed designs could be drawn up. On 21 September 2000, the Buildings Agency concluded a Promotion Agreement with Justinvest Antwerp, which was an association between Interbuild, KBC and Dexia. They then became responsible for providing alternative financing, project management, and project coordination during

2800-439: The same year. " De Lijn " serves as the main public transport company, run by the Flemish government. It consists of buses and trams. TEC is the equivalent company in Wallonia, and MIVB-STIB in Brussels. The railway network run by the NMBS , however, is a federal responsibility. The Flemish government is also responsible for about 500 kilometers of regional roads (Dutch: gewestwegen ) and about 900 kilometers of highways in

2856-432: The scale of the city. The result is a long, low building with a roofscape animated by the hearing room enclosures". Above each of the 26 small and 6 large courtrooms are "shell roofs" or "sail roofs" or "roof cones". They were designed to represent sails of ships, both past and present passing by on the river Scheldt . The larger courtrooms each have the tallest sail roofs (dimensions 9 x 9 x 7.3 meters (L x W x H)), while

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2912-456: The small courtrooms have the smallest sail roofs (dimensions 9 x 9 x 3 metres). Ivan Harbour said that the sail roofs were designed to "bring fresh air into the courts". At one stage he said that he had hoped to "have the sails turning with the wind, scooping and funnelling fresh air into the building at all times of day, weather and season". The building houses eight district civil and criminal courts, plus offices, chambers for judges and lawyers,

2968-563: The so-called royal square (French: Place royale , Dutch: Koningsplein ). Such squares did not serve as a marketplace but were built in front of large palaces or public buildings to emphasise their grandeur, as well as to accommodate military parades and ceremonies, among others (for example the Place Royale in Brussels and the Koningsplein in Amsterdam ). Palace squares are usually more symmetrical than their older market counterparts. In Russia, central square ( Russian : центра́льная пло́щадь , romanised : tsentráĺnaya plóshchad́ )

3024-439: The spring of 2006. The judicial services for Antwerp were spread over 14 locations within the city. This made it difficult for the public to find their way around the different services and a central location was sought that would be more efficient. n the 1980s, the Régie des Bâtiments (English: Buildings Management ) considered expanding the existing law court, the Gerechtshof Britselei ( Dutch : British Avenue Law Courts ), on

3080-416: The territory of the Flemish Region. Other types of roads are provincial roads and municipal roads. Largest cities in the region include (with population figures as of 1 January 2018): The Flemish Diamond (Dutch: Vlaamse Ruit ) is the name of the central, populous area in Flanders and consists of several of these cities, such as Antwerp, Ghent, Leuven and Mechelen. Approximately 5.5 million people live in

3136-426: Was francised in the 19th and 20th centuries and is now officially bilingual in French and Dutch (although largely French-speaking in practice). Municipalities with language facilities on the border with Wallonia are Bever (French: Biévène ), Herstappe , Mesen (French: Messines ), Ronse (French: Renaix ), Spiere-Helkijn (French: Espierres-Helchin ), and Voeren (French: Fourons ). Religion in

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