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16-653: An intellectual, she was considered as an icon among revolutionary women in the region. Eventually she was killed by her own comrades on April 6, 1983, in Managua, Nicaragua. Later, the FMLN blamed its leader Cayetano Carpio (sometimes referred to as the " Ho Chi Minh of Latin America") as the person responsible for the crime, and he committed suicide. Though he was not in Nicaragua at the time, many believe his stance created

32-558: A revolutionary political-military front called the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front ( Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional - FMLN). The FMLN waged a guerrilla war against the Salvadoran government, which had been a military dictatorship since the 1930s. The Communist Party of El Salvador and the four other parties continued to exist as separate organizations under

48-557: A situation that led Ana María's associates to assassinate her. She was born in the small town of Santiago Texacuangos , in the central zone of El Salvador. Ana María received her Doctorate of Education from the University of El Salvador , where she became a professor of education and gave classes in the 1960s. She was the assistant director of the Alberto Masferrer University. In 1965, Anaya Montes founded

64-540: Is a communist party in El Salvador . The Communist Party was founded by Miguel Mármol on 10 March 1930, merged into the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front in 1995, then reestablished on 27 March 2005. In the mid-1960s the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 200. In 1980, it joined with four other leftist parties in the country - the FPL , RN , PRTC and ERP - to form

80-701: The Farabundo Martí Popular Liberation Forces (FPL). Carpio's founding of the FPL was a result of his belief to end the military dictatorship in El Salvador through an armed revolution. However, the Salvadoran Communist Party was against armed struggle, instead engaging mainly in legal electoral and trade union organizing. During the 1970s, Carpio's new organization, the FPL, became the largest group on

96-526: The 1960s. As a result of various acts of political repression against the left , much of his adult life was spent in prison, in exile or underground. At the age of 50, Carpio headed for the hills with a small group of women and men. Under his leadership, the FPL combined armed struggle with different forms of mass organization. It was instrumental in the formation of the Popular Revolutionary Block (BPR or Bloque Popular Revolucionario),

112-470: The Communist Party of El Salvador ceased to exist as an independent entity, though many of its leaders and members are still visible in the FMLN. For example, former Communist Party leader Schafik Hándal was the FMLN's presidential candidate in the 2004 elections. During the Salvadoran civil war from 1980 to 1992, Schafik Hándal was the leader of the Communist Party. Prior to him, Cayetano Carpio

128-534: The FPL for the murder of FPL second-in-command Ana María on 6 April 1983 in Managua, Nicaragua . Salvador Cayetano Carpio was born in 1919 as a son of a cobbler. Throughout his life he worked as a laborer in various jobs, but he was most recognized as a baker. He became a trade union activist as a young man. Later he joined the Communist Party of El Salvador , he was later assigned its secretary general in

144-493: The National Association of El Salvadorian Teachers (ANDES), also known as 21 de Junio, after its first demonstration in 1965. She led the strikes of educators in 1968 and 1971, which created major trouble for the government of general Fidel Sánchez Hernández . In 1970, the ex-Secretary General of the Communist Party of El Salvador , Salvador Cayetano Carpio founded the first guerrilla detachment of El Salvador:

160-479: The People's Liberation Forces Farabundo Martí (FPL). The murder of Anaya Montes was caused by a deep division that had developed within the FMLN. The majority, led by Ana María, favoured negotiation with the government. The hard line faction opposed any negotiation with the government of El Salvador, and supported a prolonged war. This faction was led by Commander Salvador Cayetano Carpio . On 6 April 1983, Ana María

176-583: The Salvadoran left, and therefore became the predominant force among the five organizations that joined together in 1980 under the umbrella of the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) . Carpio played a leading role in both the FPL and the FMLN . He was sometimes referred to as the " Ho Chi Minh of Latin America". The official story of his death was that he committed suicide after being accused by other leaders in

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192-592: The largest of the cross-sector mass organizations that mobilized hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans in the economic and political struggles of the latter part of the 1970s. As the senior leader of the revolutionary movement and commander-in-chief of its largest organization, Carpio was a central figure in the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). Communist Party of El Salvador The Communist Party of El Salvador ( Spanish : Partido Comunista de El Salvador )

208-423: The umbrella of the FMLN throughout El Salvador's civil war from 1980 to 1992. When the civil war ended in 1992, the FMLN became a legal political party and began to compete in elections. After the 1994 elections , the Communist Party and the four other parties that comprised the FMLN dissolved themselves as separate organizations, merging into a singular FMLN with no competing internal organizations. At that point

224-497: Was created in 1992 to defend women's rights. Cayetano Carpio Salvador Cayetano Carpio (August 1919 – 12 April 1983), also known by his nom de guerre Commander Marcial , was a Salvadoran left-wing revolutionary and the Secretary-General of the Communist Party of El Salvador in the 1960s, until his resignation from the party where he then founded the Salvadoran revolutionary political-military organization,

240-473: Was implicated in masterminding Ana María's murder, Carpio committed suicide in his home. Ana María is considered an iconic example for educators and those struggling against oppression, especially in El Salvador. The Melida Anaya Montes Language School in San Salvador , which uses popular education techniques highlights social justice issues, is named for her. Mélida Anaya Montes Women's Movement (MAM)

256-405: Was murdered at her home in Managua, Nicaragua . Her assassins stabbed her 83 times with an ice pick, and then slashed her neck. Nicaraguan authorities later apprehended the murderers and found them to be members of the FMLN. Rogelio Bazzaglia later confessed to Ana María's murder, stating he was under orders from Carpio, although later retracting it. After her burial and upon hearing the news that he

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