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39-511: Anadyr may refer to: Anadyr (town) , a town and the administrative center of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia Anadyr District Anadyr Estuary Anadyr (river) , a river in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia Anadyr Highlands Anadyr Lowlands Anadyr , a Russian steamship Operation Anadyr Gulf of Anadyr See also [ edit ] Anadyrsk ,

78-484: A subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc ; Trewartha : Eclc ). Winters are long and frigid; summers are pleasant and short. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of −22.1 °C (−7.8 °F). July is the warmest month with an average temperature of 12.1 °C (53.8 °F). Temperatures above 25 °C (77 °F) are rare. The lowest temperature ever recorded was −46.8 °C (−52.2 °F) recorded on January 3, 1913. The highest temperature recorded

117-594: A Cossack fort and settlement on the Anadyr river, approx. 1650–1764 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Anadyr . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anadyr&oldid=1214259958 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

156-597: A cemetery in Tavayvaam . Following this tip, the remains were recovered and then paraded solemnly through Anadyr to the monuments, where they were buried with full honors. In 1923, Novo–Mariinsk was renamed Anadyr. During World War II , an airfield was built here for the Alaska-Siberian ( ALSIB ) air route used to ferry American Lend-Lease aircraft to the Eastern Front . During the 1960s, Anadyr

195-456: A century, the origins of the name Anadyr are much older. The name initially derives from the Yukaghir word " any-an " meaning " river ". When Semyon Dezhnev met Yukaghir people in the area, the indigenous name was corrupted to form " Onandyr ", later Anadyrsk , the name of the ostrog (fort) upstream of the present-day settlement, from which the current name is derived. The ostrog was

234-451: A decade. It is claimed that the town of Anadyr annexed the neighboring "ethnic village" of Tavayvaam in May 1994, and that this was done by then governor Alexander Nazarov with a view to saving money from the autonomous okrug's budget. If the village had indeed been absorbed into the town of Anadyr then there would have been no obligation for the autonomous okrug to allocate specific funds for

273-555: Is 3,254 m /s (114,900 cu ft/s), with a high of 26,201 m /s (925,300 cu ft/s) reported in June 1985, and a low of 30.6 m /s (1,080 cu ft/s) in April 1979. The main tributaries of the Kolyma are, from source to mouth: In the last 75-kilometre (47 mi) stretch, the Kolyma divides into two large branches. There are many islands at the mouth of

312-568: Is a port town and the administrative center of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug , Russia , located at the mouth of the Anadyr River at the tip of a peninsula that protrudes into Anadyrsky Liman . It was previously known as Novo-Mariinsk (until 1923). Anadyr is the easternmost town in Russia; more easterly settlements, such as Provideniya and Uelen , do not have town status. Although the town itself has only been in existence for just over

351-462: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Anadyr (town) Anadyr ( Russian : Ана́дырь , IPA: [ɐˈnadɨrʲ] ; Chukchi : Кагыргын , romanized:  Kagyrgyn , IPA [kɑɣərˈɣən] ; Southern Chukchi : Въэӈын , romanized:  V"èňyn , Central Siberian Yupik : Ўиңа/Ўиңын , romanized:  Winga/Wingen , IPA [ɣʷiŋən] )

390-471: Is unlike anything ever previously synthesized in a laboratory. Steinhardt's team established that the natural quasicrystals were embedded in a meteorite that had hit Earth about 15,000 years ago. The town of Anadyr is situated at the tip of a large cape, to the north of which is the mouth of the Anadyr River and to the east the estuarine part of that river, the Anadyrsky Liman , which empties into

429-567: Is via helicopter. Although there is a network of roads between Anadyr and Tavayvaam , the town is not connected to any other settlement via road. Construction of the Anadyr Highway was started in 2012, to link the town to Magadan , a distance of 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi). Anadyr is twinned with: Kolyma River The Kolyma is frozen to depths of several metres for about 250 days each year, becoming free of ice only in early June, until October. The Kolyma begins at

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468-531: The Gulf of Anadyr . The town itself is situated on a gentle slope rising up from the sea, on the other side of the Anadyr River are mountains, but to the west, beyond the town are large expanses of flat tundra. It is on a similar parallel as Fairbanks, Alaska ; Skellefteå, Sweden ; and Oulu, Finland . Apart from those cities, the population at such northerly parallels is normally sparse. Anadyr experiences

507-589: The Lena where he met a party and learned that he had been appointed prikazchik (land administrator) of the Kolyma. He returned east and died in early 1646. In the winter of 1641–42 Mikhail Stadukhin , accompanied by Semyon Dezhnyov , went overland to the upper Indigirka. He spent the next winter there, built boats and sailed down the Indigirka and east to the Alazeya where he met Zyryan. Zyryan and Dezhnyov stayed at

546-466: The United States . The airport is on the other side of the Anadyrsky Liman , and from January to May, transportation from the airport to Anadyr is by ice road . In the summer there is a ferry which transports passengers across the Anadyr River to the airport, but during spring and autumn when the river ice is melting and full of drifting ice floes, the only means of transportation to the airport

585-402: The framework of administrative divisions , it also serves as the administrative center of Anadyrsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with the selo Tavayvaam , incorporated separately as the town of okrug significance of Anadyr —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division ,

624-479: The Alazeya, while Stadukhin went east, reaching the Kolyma in the summer of 1644. They built a zimovye (winter cabin), probably at Srednekolymsk , and returned to Yakutsk in late 1645. In 1892–94 Baron Eduard Von Toll carried out geological surveys in the basin of the Kolyma (among other Far-eastern Siberian rivers) on behalf of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Barr, 1980). During one year and two days

663-601: The Kolyma before it meets the East Siberian sea. The main ones are: In 1640 Dimitry Zyryan (also called Yarilo or Yerilo) went overland to the Indigirka . In 1641 he sailed down the Indigirka, went east and up the Alazeya . Here they heard of the Kolyma and met Chukchis for the first time. In 1643 he returned to the Indigirka, sent his yasak (tribute) to Yakutsk and went back to the Alazeya. In 1645 he returned to

702-476: The Kolyma river and preserved in permafrost. Settlements at the Kolyma river include (listed downstream) Sinegorye , Debin , Ust-Srednekan , Seymchan , Zyryanka , Srednekolymsk and Chersky . The Kolyma Hydroelectric Station is a hydropower plant at Sinegorye , downstream from the Kolyma Reservoir in the upper part of the river. The plant was started in the 1980s by Kolyma Gestroi and both

741-633: The Russian Far East, and it took until early 1923 before communications were sent from Kamchatka by Red Army commanders indicating that all White Army forces in Chukotka had been eliminated. Monuments to those members of the First Revolutionary Committee were erected in Anadyr on 5 July 1921. It was only in 1969 that an elderly man said he remembered where the bodies had been buried, having seen them being interred in

780-477: The armory and ammunition supplies within the town. The merchants used this opportunity to reassert themselves, and by January 30, 1920, they surrounded the Revkom's offices and attacked. One of the leaders, Vasily Titov, was killed and a number of others were wounded. Mikhail Mandrikov himself surrendered. Although the survivors were initially imprisoned, the merchants decided to eliminate them permanently. Under

819-565: The camps were closed, state subsidies , local industries and communication dwindled to almost nothing. Many people have migrated, but those who remain in the area make a living by fishing and hunting. In small fishing settlements, fish are sometimes stored in caves carved from permafrost . The last Americans to visit the Kolyma during the Soviet era, before perestroika , were the crew of the sailing schooner Nanuk in August 1929, whose visit

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858-667: The claims coming from Anadyr and, whilst establishing the Second Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka in Markovo pressed the Kamchatka Revkom for assistance. The Kamchatka Revkom responded by sending a party to investigate. A number of those involved in the overthrow of the First Revolutionary Committee either ceased their political activity in the hope of blending into the background, or fled Chukotka for Alaska . Struggles continued for some time in

897-592: The collapse of the Soviet Union. Both trips were arranged by North-East Scientific and Industrial Center: Ecocenter to try out an ecotourism route which was found to be impractical. In February 2012, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reported that scientists had grown plants from 30,000-year-old Silene stenophylla fruit, which was stored in squirrel burrows near the banks of

936-711: The confluence of the Kulu and the Ayan-Yuryakh (Kolyma a natural continuation of Ayan-Yuryakh). The confluence happens in the Okhotsk-Kolyma Upland (Охотско-Колымское нагорье), which lies within the watershed that separates the Kolyma basin and the basins of rivers flowing into the Sea of Okhotsk . Kolyma flows across the Upper Kolyma Highlands roughly southwards in its upper course. Leaving

975-503: The expedition covered 25,000 kilometres (16,000 mi), of which 4,200 kilometres (2,600 mi) were up rivers, carrying out geodesic surveys en route. The Kolyma is known for its Gulag labour camps and gold mining , both of which have been extensively documented since Joseph Stalin –era Soviet archives opened. The river gives its title to a famous anthology about life in Gulag camps by Varlam Shalamov , The Kolyma Tales . After

1014-493: The indigenous population there. In 2011, Paul Steinhardt led a group of scientists that landed in Anadyr en route to an expedition into the Koryak Mountains to search for naturally occurring quasicrystals . Three quasicrystals have been found to date from the material gathered on that expedition, including icosahedrite, decagonite, a yet unnamed third natural quasicrystal, which (unlike icosahedrite and decagonite)

1053-695: The mountainous areas it flows roughly northwards across the Kolyma Lowland , a vast plain dotted with thousands of lakes, part of the greater East Siberian Lowland . The river empties into the Kolyma Gulf of the East Siberian Sea , a division of the Arctic Ocean . The Kolyma is 2,129 kilometres (1,323 mi) long. The area of its basin is 647,000 square kilometres (250,000 sq mi). The average discharge at Kolymskoye

1092-566: The name was swiftly changed to Novo–Mariinsk. The Kamchatka Revkom sent the first Bolsheviks —Mikhail Mandrikov and Avgust Berzin—to Anadyr to set up an underground organization to undermine and eventually overthrow the resident White Army forces stationed in the town. These two, along with a small group of other Russian immigrants and a handful of Chuvans , established the First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka. Their presence initially went undetected, although it did arouse suspicion. However, just before they were about to be discovered by

1131-612: The only Russian settlement east of the Kolyma River on the Chukotka Peninsula for most of the 18th century, though this original settlement was situated further up the Anadyr River , nearer to Markovo than the site of the current town. Pyotr Baranov (brother of Alexander Andreyevich Baranov ) established a trading post near the present town site in the early 19th century and the Chukchi settled around it, forming

1170-408: The plant and the town of Sinegorye were built under the supervision of chief engineer Oleg Kogadovski. The town included an olympic sized swimming pool, an underground rifle range, and many amenities absent in most other small Russian towns. Kogadovski said that in order to attract and employ good talent in such a remote place, the town had to be exceptional. The dam provides most of the electricity to

1209-404: The pretense of transferring them to another site, they led them out of the town and executed them out on the tundra. The merchants' and White Army's success had been aided by the fact that a number of the Revkom members had been out the town visiting the village of Markovo . When these people returned, they were ambushed and all survivors eventually killed. The merchants set about reestablishing

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1248-503: The region including Magadan. the Kolyma dam is an earthen dam some 150 ft high. Air circulation tubes carry frigid winter air into the core of the dam where frozen earth stabilizes the structure. Kolyma Ges. said it was the largest dam ever built in a permafrost region. In 1992 a new hydropower plant was under construction at Ust-Srednekan, the Ust-Srednekan Hydroelectric Plant . Larch forests cleared for

1287-468: The resident White Army troops, they launched an attack against them on the night of December 16, 1919. They intended to free the local indigenous people from their debts to the Russian incomers and dismantle the capitalist infrastructure that had been established in the town. Their attempts at seizing the property of the merchant class in Anadyr were successful, but they were unable to seize control of

1326-502: The status quo, all the while pretending to the Kamchatka Revkom that they themselves were socialists when inquiries came as to the whereabouts of their colleagues, going as far as to set up a fake Anadyr branch of the Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Unfortunately for the merchants in Anadyr, members of the first Revkom had already managed to establish branches in Markovo and Ust-Belaya , who were not convinced by

1365-539: The town of okrug significance of Anadyr is incorporated as Anadyr Urban Okrug . Anadyr is an important sea port on the Bering Sea and is connected to almost all major Russian Far Eastern seaports. Anadyr's Ugolny Airport serves major and minor cities in the Russian Far East with connections to Khabarovsk , Vladivostok , and Moscow , while Bering Air provides charter flights to Nome, Alaska in

1404-464: The village of Vyon in 1830. The present settlement was founded in 1889 as Novo–Mariinsk by L. F. Grinevetsky, who sailed into the Anadyrsky Liman on July 9, 1889. The town's first building was completed twelve days later and as it was the name-day of Tsaritsa Maria Feodorovna the town was named Mariinsk. Since this was not the first time that a town had been named Mariinsk in Russia,

1443-461: Was 30 °C (86 °F) on July 7, 1956. The weather changes easily with heavy storms often being brought in from the Anadyrsky Liman and the Bering Sea . This coupled with strong southerly winds in the autumn often brings flooding to the area. May is the driest month while January is the wettest. Source 3: Time and Date (dewpoints, between 1985–2015) Infoclimat Anadyr is the administrative center of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and, within

1482-482: Was captured in a film taken by the Nanuk owner's 18-year-old daughter, Marion Swenson. The first two Americans to visit the Kolyma after the Nanuk' s visit were writer Wallace Kaufman and journalist Rebecca Clay, who traveled by cutter from Ziryanka to Green Cape in August 1991. Kaufman and his daughter Sylvan and CPA Letty Collins Magdanz also travelled part of the Kolyma in August 1992, the first American visitors since

1521-540: Was home to an R-12 Dvina (SS-4 Sandal) medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) complex, which could target American military installations in Alaska. The base was located 23 km (14 miles) northeast of Anadyr and was the USSR's only remote missile site. Anadyr was granted town status in 1965, around which time it had a population of 5,600. The Hope Sled Dog Race was run between Anadyr and Nome, Alaska for more than

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