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28-793: The CFOA was the busiest railway in the Ottoman Empire and was one of the two railways operating into Istanbul, along with the Chemins de fer Orientaux . The Baghdad Railway (Istanbul-Aleppo-Baghdad) connected with the CFOA at Konya to allow rail transport from Istanbul to the Middle East , although the Baghdad railway was not completed until 1940. The CFOA serviced major cities such as Istanbul , İzmit , Adapazarı , Bilecik , Eskişehir , Ankara , Kütahya and Konya . The railway also operated

56-508: A humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa, Trewartha : Cf ). Summers are hot and sometimes oppressively humid, the average maximum temperature is around 30 °C in July and August. Winters are cool and wet, the lowest average minimum temperature is slightly below 4 °C in January. Precipitation is plentiful, fairly evenly distributed year-round, and is most frequent in winter. Snowfall

84-579: A direct rail link between Istanbul and Baghdad. However World War I halted the construction of the line. The Ottoman Empire joined with the Central Powers against the Allied Powers . Non-German owned railways in the Empire were placed under Turkish military administration, but the CFOA, being mostly German owned, was unaffected except that civilian passenger traffic was suspended. It played

112-542: A neutral country in the war. On March 3, 1924, the Chemins de fer d'Anatolie Baghdad was created to operate CFOA lines until the Turkish government nationalized the line. The CFOA was absorbed completely by the CFAB, later TCDD on June 1, 1927. The CFOA operated many passenger trains on their lines. Their main line was between Istanbul and İzmit. The CFOA also operated the first passenger train between Istanbul and Ankara; this

140-577: A vital role carrying war materials to the fronts in Palestine and Mesopotamia , with Germany supplying a large number of locomotives and wagons. After the end of the war and the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire , the CFOA came under British military control. On 22 February 1920 British authorities handed control of most of the railway to Atatürk's Turkish nationalist government in Ankara, but in 1921

168-453: Is 324 km , and its population is 281,489 (2022). It covers the central and northern part of the agglomeration of Adapazarı and the adjacent countryside. The history of Adapazarı dates back to 378 BC, when it was called Agrilion (Ἀγρίλιον in Greek ). Ancient settlers included Phrygians , Bithynians , Cimmerians , Lydians , Greeks , and Persians , but Adapazarı got its identity from

196-689: The Port of Haydarpaşa and the Port of Derince . The railway was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie , created on 8 October 1888 by the Deutsche Bank to operate the railway. The Ottoman Government , under the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz , started building a 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge on the Asian side of Istanbul, from Haydarpaşa to Pendik in 1871. The line

224-502: The 17 August 1999 catastrophic earthquake which left more than 18,000 casualties behind. In memory of the earthquake municipality had built a museum of earthquake in city center. The only university in the city is Sakarya University , one of the largest universities in Turkey in terms of student enrollment. Since its establishment in 1992, Sakarya University has influenced the culture of the city and transformed public life. In addition to

252-528: The Baghdad Railway. The Deutsche Bank created a subsidiary company, Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie that was incorporated on October 4, 1888, as the parent company of the railway. The CFOA subcontracted the building of the line to Philipp Holzmann. The CFOA started building the line to Ankara in May 1889. The CFOA completed the line to Arifye in 1890 and opened it on September 1, 1891. The line

280-718: The Ottoman government looked for a new company to build the line. Georg von Siemens , the managing director of the Deutsche Bank was informed on the project, as well as Alfred von Kaulla, who was in Istanbul to handle the export of the Mauser rifle to the Ottoman Army . After some tension, the Deutsche Bank won the concession to build the line. The original concession was for 99 years, which later became 114 years to match

308-493: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 540470046 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:42:14 GMT Adapazar%C4%B1 Adapazarı ( pronounced [ɑˈdɑpɑzɑɾɯ] ) is a municipality and the capital district of Sakarya Province , Turkey . Its area

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336-593: The ancient Hellenistic , Romans , and Greek Byzantine rulers. After Alexander the Great 's conquests, the Persians were forced out of the region. One of the most important remains of historical significance is the Sangarius Bridge ( Turkish : Beş Köprü ) built by Byzantine Emperor Justinian in 533 AD. Historically, it was situated on the old military road from Constantinople (now Istanbul ) to

364-457: The city and its surrounding province include textile factories for silk and linen products. Agriculture and forestry also form an important part of the city's economy, with the production of tobacco , hazelnuts (fındık variety), walnut-wood , cocoons and vegetables . Adapazari is one of the most important industrial capitals of Turkey. While Turkey is a developing country, the city of Adapazari renovated its infrastructure and industry after

392-494: The city. A law passed on 17 June 1954 in the Grand National Assembly saw the city separated from Kocaeli Province and made the center of its own province. The 1999 Marmara earthquake affected Adapazarı and inflicted losses in lives and damage. In 2008 the district Adapazarı was created from part of the former central district of Adapazarı Province, along with the districts Arifiye , Erenler and Serdivan . At

420-563: The east, connected, since the end of the 19th century, by a branch line with the Anatolian railway . It was founded in 1400 by 400 Armenian immigrant families who escaped from Timur 's oppression in Sivas and was named "Donigaşen" after the name of their leaders. Today's inhabitants are Manavs . The Native Muslims are Armenians and Greeks who gradually converted to Islam , and it should not be ignored that Turk households settled in

448-538: The line to Afyon on August 4, 1895, and Konya on July 25, 1896. In 1899, the CFOA was granted another concession to build a line to Bolu and later İsmetpaşa . The CFOA started construction and on November 1, 1899, opened a 3.2 km (2.0 mi) branch line from Arifye to Adapazarı . However, the tracks never reached Bolu. In 1904 the Baghdad Railway was incorporated to continue the line from Konya, through Adana and Aleppo to Baghdad . This would provide

476-553: The majority of the line was lost by the nationalists to Greek forces. After the Greek defeat at Sakarya, they destroyed much of the railway's infrastructure as they retreated back to the coast. The CFOA was under full Turkish control by September 1923 and the war against Greece ended a month later. Despite being in control, the Turkish government was not the legal owner of the CFOA due to the company being headquartered in Switzerland ,

504-402: The railway was built to Adapazarı the same year. The company could not finance the extension of the line to Ankara, so the company formed an Anglo - American syndicate under the leadership of Sir Vincent Caillard to complete the line. The syndicate still could not pull up the money needed to complete the line, so the company withdrew. With the construction of the line to Ankara put on hold,

532-525: The region. Adapazarı's known name in Turkish at that time was Adacık and Ada. The source of the information that the region was conquered by Orhan Gazi and opened to settlement is also unknown. In 1868, the Adapazarı Municipality was officially founded on the town called Der Seadet. A sugar factory and agricultural sugar factory attracted many migrants and accelerated the industrialization of

560-760: The same time, the province was renamed Sakarya after the Sakarya River which runs through it. Adapazarı is the location of a large automobile factory owned by the Toyota Motor Corporation , as well as the Hyundai EURotem train factory. Tank Pallet 1st Main Maintenance, one of the biggest Turkish defense contractors, and Otokar , a major manufacturer of buses and military vehicles, are located in Sakarya. Other major industries in

588-824: The second level in the Turkish football pyramid , as they beat Konya Şeker S.K. , Bugsaşspor and Bandırmaspor consecutively in the play-off games of the TFF Second League . However they were relegated in the following season, and since 2013 they have played in the TFF Third League . Even though Sakaryaspor is not always a permanent team in the Süper Lig, they have raised many of Turkey's best players, such as Hakan Şükür , Tuncay , Oğuz Çetin , Aykut Kocaman and many more. There are 84 neighbourhoods in Adapazarı District: Adapazarı has

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616-453: The tracks. The CFOA owned and operated 2 major ports; the Port of Haydarpaşa and the Port of Derince. Most freight trains would load or unload at these ports. The CFOA operated ports along with railways. Their main port was the Port of Haydarpaşa in Istanbul. This port exported most of the goods transported by the railway. With the heavy usage of the port, the equipment wasn't enough to support

644-527: The traffic. The CFOA had difficulties to extend the port, so in 1897, the railway built a new port in Derince near İzmit. This port had a grain elevator to export grain from central Anatolia. The port of Haydarpaşa was finally extended in 1899. The Turkish State Railways acquired the ports in 1927. The CFOA built and owned many railway stations . The main stations notable are: Chemins de fer Orientaux Too Many Requests If you report this error to

672-584: The university, many different institutions shape and influence the culture of the city. Adapazarı Kültür Merkezi (Adapazarı Culture Center), Ofis Sanat Merkezi (Ofis Art Center), and Sakarya Sanat Galerisi (Sakarya Art Gallery) are the main cultural institutions led by the municipality. Adapazari also hosts non-governmental cultural and educational organizations. Of them, Sakarya Bilgi Kültür Merkezi provides educational and cultural activities. Kent Park features an authentic, picturesque reconstruction of an historic water wheel that once provided fresh drinking water from

700-601: The Çark River to public spigots located every few blocks throughout the city. The original wooden water wheel, commonly known as the Çark Wheel, was maintained and refurbished to operate in one form or another from 1724 to 1955. Adapazarı is home to Sakaryaspor . Sakaryaspor has won the Turkish Cup once and has played in the Süper Lig for 11 seasons. They were promoted again to the TFF First League in 2011,

728-409: Was a daily train that entered service in 1892. The most common steam locomotives for passenger trains were the class 33001. The CFOA's primary operation were freight trains. The CFOA mainly focused on transporting grain from central Anatolia to the ports in Istanbul. The CFOA also played a big role in the construction of the Baghdad Railway, by transporting goods from Istanbul to Konya to help built

756-565: Was opened on September 22, 1872. The railway was extended to Gebze , which opened on January 1, 1873. In August 1873 the railway opened to İzmit . The railway was built to serve a populated area along the Marmara Sea . The railway was then to be extended to Ankara and Mesopotamia . The line proved difficult to manage so in 1880, 60% ownership of the line was transferred to a British company. A 52.1 km (32.4 mi) 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) narrow gauge extension of

784-470: Was opened to Ankara on December 31, 1892. In 1893 the Ottoman government granted the CFOA with a concession to build a line from Eskişehir to Konya . The line was to branch from the Istanbul–Ankara main line at Eskişehir, to Alayunt , Afyon , Akşehir and Konya. A branch line from Alayunt to Kütahya was also to be built. The line was opened to Alayunt and Kütahya on December 30, 1894. The CFOA opened

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