68-522: Andipatti or Aundipatty is a municipal body in Theni district in Madurai Region of Tamil Nadu state in southern India . It is on the bank of Vaigai River with rich flora and fauna species. It is a valley surrounded by mountains and there is a theory saying Western Ghats starts from this place. Agriculture is the main economic activity of the town with handloom and textile mills spread across
136-533: A member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years. From the 1977 elections, All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the assembly seat five times (in 1980, 1984,1991,2011 and 2016 elections); Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC) twice (1996, 2001). The seat was won once by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK, 1989), Janata Party (1977), and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK, 2006). The current MLA of
204-477: A private unit in September 2012 killed 40 people and injured 38 others. The common reasons cited for the accidents are inadequate training of workers and supervisors involved in different stages of production and marketing of firecracker items. Other reasons are found to be overstocking of explosives, raw material and finished goods, and employment of workers in excess of the permitted strength. Child labour in
272-627: A view to promote Sivakasi as municipal corporation. It is declared as Municipal Corporation on 24-August-2021 in Tamil Nadu legislative assembly. Over the decades after independence, Sivakasi grew as an industrial city specialising in firecracker, match and printing industries. Several incidents of fire and explosions have occurred in the fireworks factories. Sivakasi is located at 9°27′00″N 77°49′00″E / 9.45°N 77.8167°E / 9.45; 77.8167 and has an average elevation of 101 metres (331 feet). The city
340-543: Is Kerala and Andaman . The paper for the printing industry is procured from various states. The city is a major producer of diaries, contributing to 30% of the total diaries produced in India. Printing industry in the city was initially utilized for printing labels for the firecrackers and later evolved with modern machinery to grow as a printing hub. In 2012, all the industries suffered 15–20% production loss due to power shortage and escalating labor cost. The major issues in
408-701: Is also called "Cardamom City" because of the large quantity of cardamom trade in this area. It has an auction centre for cardamom. The Periyar and Surliar Hydro Power Stations and the Vaigai Micro Hydro Power Station have 181 MW installed capacity and actual power generation of 494 MW in 1996 in this district. Theni is one of the active business hubs in the western side of Tamil Nadu, inviting more industries to its locality. The district ha 41.09 km of Metre gauge track serving 3 Railway Stations which connect to Madurai now converted to broad gauge. The Teni Junction Railway Station
476-499: Is another railway station at Thiruthangal, which caters to the locality of Thiruthangal, where passenger trains, Podhigai Express and Silambu Express stops. Nearby international airport is Madurai international Airport situated in 70km away. Arulmigu Viswanatha Swamy Temple is the important ancient temple in Sivakasi built by Pandya King Arikesari Parakkirama Pandian between 1428 and 1460 during his reigns. Badhrakali Amman temple
544-501: Is diversified by several ranges and hills. Many villages likes Sangakonampatti are depends only on agricultural incomes. A range of hills which runs parallel to Western Ghats from north to south separate it from the neighboring state of Kerala . In the plains, the temperatures range from a minimum of 15 °C (59 °F ) to a maximum of 40 °C (104 °F). In the hills the temperatures can range from as low as 4–5 °C (39–41 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F). The district
612-500: Is divided into two natural divisions: The hilly areas are constituted by parts of the five taluk's Theni , Bodinayakanur , Periyakulam , Uthamapalayam and Andipatti with thick vegetation and perennial streams from the hills on the western side and Cumbum valley which lies in Uthamapalayam taluk. As of 2011, Theni district had a population of 1,245,899 with a sex ratio of 980 females for every 1,000 males. Theni District
680-538: Is economically good. Kolukkumalai located in Theni district atop the Western ghats is the home to the highest tea plantation in the world. Cumbum Valley is a major centre for grape production with 4,000 small farmers producing over 90,000 tonnes of Muscat grapes , locally known as panneer dhrakshai , and about 10,000 tonnes of Thomson seedless grapes . The unique feature here is that the grapes are harvested throughout
748-406: Is known for its salubrious climate, hills and lakes. The Vaigai River , Kottagudi River , Varaganathi River , Shanmuganathi River and Manjalar River flow through the district. The main reservoirs in the district are Lower Periyar Dam , Vaigai Dam , Shanmuganathi Dam and Sothuparai Dam . The economy of Theni district is mostly agricultural. Utilisation of land area for cultivation in
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#1732790917088816-689: Is located in Virudhunagar district of the South Indian state, Tamil Nadu, at a distance of 74 km (46 mi) from Madurai . Sivakasi is located to the east of Western Ghats and to the west of Sattur. The topography is almost plain, with no major geological formation. There are no notable mineral resources available in and around the city. The soil types are black and red that are conducive to cotton, chillies, and millets. These crops are predominant because of poor groundwater supply and soil type. Sivakasi experiences hot and dry weather throughout
884-706: Is located in the heart of the city. The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation operates daily services connecting various cities to Sivakasi. The State Express Transport Corporation operates long-distance buses connecting the city to important cities like Chennai , Bangalore , Tiruppur and Thoothukudi . The major intercity bus routes from the city are to cities like Madurai , Chennai , Erode , Karur , Coimbatore , Karaikudi , Dindigul , Trichy , Ramanathapuram , Thanjavur , Sankarankovil , Sengottai , Rajapalayam , Tenkasi , Kovilpatti , Tiruppur , Dharapuram , Oddanchatram , Thoothukudi , Tiruchendur , Nagercoil and Tirunelveli . Being an industrial city, there
952-521: Is one of the prominent temple of Sivakasi. The tower or Rajagopuram of this temple has a breadth of 66 ft (20 m), a width of 44 ft (13 m) and a height of 110 ft (34 m). "Panguni Pongal" and "Chithirai Pongal" are the annual festivals celebrated for the deities Mariamman and Badrakali Amman in April and May, respectively, both of which are celebrated for ten days. Periya Palli Vasal mosque and Chinna Palli Vasal mosque are two of
1020-477: Is served by city bus service, which provides connectivity within the city and the suburbs. Minibus service operated by private companies cater to the local transport needs. The city bus routes to surrounding villages are to Puliparaipatti , Thayilpatti , Madathupatti Vilampatti , Alangulam , Vilampatti , Alangulam , M.Pudupatti , Alamarathupatti , Sengamalapatti, Muthalipatti, and Meenampatti. The main bus stand covers an area of 1.39 acres (5,600 m ) and
1088-608: Is significant truck transport with around 400–450 trucks entering the city for loading and unloading activities daily. Three wheelers, called autos are also a common public transport system. Sivakasi railway station is located in the rail head from Madurai to Sengottai . It connects Tamil Nadu with Kerala through Rajapalayam and Sengottai . The Podhigai Express connects Sivakasi to Sengottai and Chennai Egmore in either directions. All other express trains ply from Virudunagar station. There are also passenger trains running either direction from Madurai to Shencottah. There
1156-530: Is the most important railway station in the district. The forest area in Theni district is about 33.70%. There are 27 forest areas in the district, constituting a total area of 795.81 km (307.26 sq mi). Of these, 19 areas fall under the Reserve Forest category with 255.44 km (98.63 sq mi) and 8 areas under Reserve Land category with 540.37 km (208.64 sq mi). Total area of forest under green cover classification
1224-440: Is the nodal center for firecracker manufacturing at the national level. In 2020 there are around 1070 registered firecracker manufacturing companies in sivakasi and 8 lakh (800,000) people were directly and indirectly employed by the industry. Some of the private enterprises had an annual turnover of ₹ 5 billion (US$ 60 million). In 2011, the combined estimated turnover of the firecracker, matchbox making and printing industry in
1292-520: The British . A major riot during the British Raj took place in 1899. Sivakasi has a dry weather, making it suitable for dry crops like cotton, chillies and millets. Badhrkali Amman temple is the most prominent landmark of Sivakasi, and the temple festivals constitute the major festivals of the city. AJ and Hatsun Indoor Stadium has a coaching center for badminton and is the major sporting venue of
1360-768: The Kerala State to the west. The district is home to Theni, Periyakulam , Bodinayakanur, Cumbum , Uthamapalayam, Kombai, Gudalur , Gandamanur, Chinnamanur , Kuchanur , Andipatti , Rasingapuram, Thevaram , Pottipuram, Ramakrishnapuram, B. Ammapatti, Lakshmipuram, Ambasamudram, Govindanagaram, Mayladumparai, Srirengapuram, Venkadachalapuram, K. Pudupatti, Devadhanapatti, Varusanadu, Odaipatti, Erasakkanayackanur and several other small villages like Gohilapuram, Pathirakalipuram, Sukkangalpatti, Kamarajapuram, Sadaiyalpatti, Meenatchipuram, Melasindalaichery, Hanumanthanpatty, Pallavarayan Patti, Genguvarpatti, Jeyamangalam, Thamaraikulam, Kallipatti, Devathanapatti and Kamatchipuram . It
1428-471: The 1961–71 period is attributed to the high level of industrialisation during the period. The density of population increased from 9,646 persons per km in 1991 to 10,613 persons per km in 2001. The wards along the Virudhunagar, Sattur, Srivilliputhur and Vembakottai corridors have registered increased commercial and residential activity. Majority of the residents are engaged in the secondary sector involving match works, fireworks, and printing industry. During
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#17327909170881496-537: The 2001 census, the occupational pattern indicated the increasing presence of the tertiary sector. The agricultural output of the city is limited, due to the lack of favourable geographical and climatic conditions. The Sivakasi municipality has 33 wards and there is an elected councillor for each of those wards. The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT). All these departments are under
1564-647: The Andipatti Railway Station, the villagers of Andipatti received him, along with a large crowd from the neighbouring villages like Muthukrishnapuram, S.S.Puram, Lakshmipuram, Jakkampatti. A wooden table was placed on the platform of the Andipatti Station and Gandhi used it as a dais to address the gathering; a Welcome Address in Tamil printed on khadi cloth and wooden-framed was read out by Mr. P.C. Rajan and handed over to Gandhi, who
1632-482: The Famous Cinema Directors, music directors and Actors hail from Theni District. Many movies were shot here. The titles of some of the famous Movies are: " Pithamagan ", " Avan-ivan ", " Sundarapandiyan ", "Veeralaksumi", " Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam ", " Naan kadavul ". These Movies were mostly directed by Director Bala . For people from Theni town itself, see Theni , these are people from
1700-668: The Madurai region during the 16th century. Madurai became independent from the Vijayanagar Empire in 1559 under the Nayaks . Nayak rule ended in 1736 and Madurai was repeatedly captured several times by Chanda Sahib (1740–1754), Arcot Nawab and Muhammed Yusuf Khan (1725–1764) in the middle of the 18th century. In 1801, Madurai came under the direct control of the British East India Company and
1768-628: The Sivakasi Electricity Distribution Circle. A Chief Distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters. Water supply is provided by the Sivakasi Municipality from the Vaippar river through eight reservoirs and six feeders located in various parts of the city. In the period 2000–2001, a total of 6.5 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city. As per
1836-656: The Sivakasi subdivision of the Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent. There are three police stations in the city, one of them being an all-women police station. There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police. In 2011, there were five government schools: two primary schools, one middle school, one high school and one higher secondary school. There were ten other private schools in
1904-653: The Western Ghats stretching from Kodaikanal to Kumily via Periyakulam . Theni District has the Western Ghats as its Western Boundary. Theni District has many tourist spots like Kumbakarai Falls, Sothuparai Dam, Vaigai Dam, Manjalaaru Dam, Kurathi Falls, which are originating from the Western Gahats. Theni District is having the other tourist attractive places like Veerapandi Gowmariyamman temple, Surulipatti kailasanaathar temple, Anumanthampatti Hanuman kovil, Periyakulam Balasubramanian Periya kovil. Some of
1972-467: The adult members of the family and contribution to the corpus fund by the state government. From the establishment of child labour Act in 1986 till 2011, 150,000 inspections on child labour have been conducted in the factories, 1,500 cases have been registered and few prosecutions have been made. The results indicated a small amount of child labour in the cottage and household industries. The Sivakasi municipality maintains 65.151 km (40.483 mi) of
2040-611: The age of six, constituting 3,474 males and 3,489 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 8.35% and 0.25% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the city was 79.62%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The city had a total of 18,952 households. There were a total of 29,342 workers, comprising 22 cultivators, 135 main agricultural labourers, 955 in household industries, 27,662 other workers, 568 marginal workers, 6 marginal cultivators, 3 marginal agricultural labourers, 79 marginal workers in household industries and 480 other marginal workers. As per
2108-474: The authorities of the Gandhi Museum in Madurai in the 1960s. Andipatti (State Assembly Constituency) is a part of Theni (Lok Sabha constituency) . Theni district Theni District is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in India. Well protected by the scenic hill locks, the district is located besides Madurai district . The town of Theni is the district headquarters. The district
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2176-704: The citizens. In 2011, the municipality maintained a total of 2,584 street lamps: 322 sodium lamps, 125 mercury vapour lamps, 2,136 tube lights and one high mast beam lamp. The municipality operates two markets, namely the Anna Daily Market and Viswanatham Municipal Meat Market that cater to the needs of the city and the rural areas around it. The economy of Sivakasi is dependent on three major industries: firecrackers, matchbox manufacturing, and printing. The city has 520 registered printing industries, 53 match factories, 32 chemical factories, seven soda factories, four flour mills and two rice and oil mills. The city
2244-404: The city and the sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences. The municipality maintained a total of 85.87 km (53.36 mi) of storm water drains in 2011. In 2011, there was one government hospital, three municipal health centres, one municipal maternity home and 25 private hospitals and clinics that take care of the healthcare needs of
2312-512: The city is around ₹ 20 billion (US$ 240 million). The major issues in the city are the frequent accidents in the firecracker factories and the high level of child labour. Sivakasi was established in the 15th century during the reign of the Pandya king Harikesari Parakkirama Pandian. The city was a part of Madurai and has been ruled at various times by Later Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire , Madurai Nayaks , Chanda Sahib , Carnatic kingdom and
2380-474: The city limits. Nearby places include Theni , Madurai , Cumbum , Nadukkottai and Gudalur . The town is known all over the state and country as having been the constituency of the two chief ministers: M. G. Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa . The Vaigai Dam , a major reservoir in Tamil Nadu, is 7 km away from Andipatti, Theni district, Madurai Region. On 9 February 1934, Mahatma Gandhi visited Andipatti, arriving by train at 5:30 PM from Theni . At
2448-412: The city was around ₹ 20 billion (US$ 240 million). Approximately 70% of the firecrackers and matches produced in India are from Sivakasi. The hot and dry climate of the city is conducive to the firecracker and matchbox making industries. The raw materials for these industries were procured from Sattur earlier but were discontinued due to the high power and production cost. The source of raw materials
2516-550: The city. Sivakasi is a part of Sivakasi constituency and elects its member of legislative assembly every five years, and a part of the Virudhunagar constituency that elects its member of parliament. Sivakasi is locally administered by a municipal corporation which covers an area of 6.8 km (2.6 sq mi). Roadways is the major mode of transport to the city, while it has also got rail connectivity. As of 2021, Sivakasi has an estimated population of 160,047. Sivakasi
2584-586: The city. There were two engineering colleges in the city, with the Mepco Schlenk Engineering College being prominent among them. There were three arts and science colleges and three polytechnic colleges in the city. Sri Kaliswari College is located within the city. Electricity supply to Sivakasi is regulated and distributed by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB). The city along with its suburbs forms
2652-572: The constituency is AMSG. ASHOKAN from Indian National Congress. During the 1957 elections, Sivakasi was a part of Srivilliputhur constituency and was held by the Indian National Congress and an independent after the by-elections. During the 1962 elections, the city was a part of Aruppukkottai constituency and was held by the Forward Block party. Since 1967, the city has been a part of Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituency ;
2720-481: The constituency was won by AIADMK five times (1980, 1984, 1989, 1991, and 2014), MDMK three times (1998, 1999, and 2004 ), and once each by Swathanthara Party (1967), DMK (1971), INC (1977), and Communist Party of India (CPI, 1996). The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is Manicka Tagore from the Indian National Congress . Law and order in the city are maintained by
2788-492: The control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head. The legislative powers are vested in a body of 33 members, one each from the 33 wards. The legislative body is headed by an elected Chairperson assisted by a Deputy Chairperson. On 24 August 2021, the government announced the upgrading of Sivakasi city to Sivakasi City Municipal Corporation. Sivakasi comes under the Sivakasi assembly constituency and it elects
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2856-421: The district is 40.33%. The principal crop production (in tonnes ) in 2005-2006 were sugarcane 1,201,221, cotton 95,360 (561 bales of 170. kg lint each), rice (paddy) 66,093, millets and other cereals 57,081, pulses 6,677, groundnut 4,021 and gingelly 325. Silk , Banana , Coconut , Tea , Coffee , Cardamom , Grapes and Mangoes are other main produce of the district. even though this place
2924-481: The district. The information of wild life census in Theni district is yet to be made available. According to 2011 census , Theni district had a population of 1,245,899 with a sex-ratio of 991 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 53.81% of the population lived in urban areas. A total of 119,661 were under the age of six, constituting 61,873 males and 57,788 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 20.72% and 0.15% of
2992-517: The fireworks industry in Sivakasi is child labour and frequent accidents. In a blast in 1991 in a factory, 39 people were killed and 65 others were injured. In July 2009, more than 40 people were killed in a fire accident in a firecracker unit. The police traced out unregistered units and irregularities that led to the accident. In a fire accident in August 2011, seven people were killed and five were seriously injured. A similar fire accident and blast in
3060-462: The foot of the Western Ghats between 9' 39' and 10' 30' North latitude and between 77' 00' and 78' 30' of East Longitude. Central location: 10°04′N 77°45′E / 10.067°N 77.750°E / 10.067; 77.750 . The district is bounded by Dindigul District to the north, Madurai District to the east, Virudhunagar District to the southwest, and Idukki district of
3128-647: The formation of the new District, Theni Municipal Town was upgraded as the Taluk and District headquarters on 1 January 1997. The region covered by present-day Theni District was sparsely populated before the 1900s. In 1886 Mullaperiyar dam project bought some part of the water from Periyar River downhill to the Cumbum Valley and merged it into the Mullayar River. This project helped more people to settle down in Cumbum Valley. Also to be noted that Theni
3196-598: The industries, especially in matchbox making factories, was at its peak during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1981, the child workforce in the age group 4–16 was 30% of the total workforce, 90% of whom were girls. In 1986, the National Child Labour project estimated child labour in Sivakasi matchbox making industries to be 14,121 children. The estimates indicated 80% of the child labour belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC), who were marginalised for centuries for cheap labour. Poverty and lack of farm produce were stated as
3264-714: The intervention of the military in mid-July 1899. The Sivakasi municipality was established in 1920. After India's independence from the British in 1947, Sivakasi continued to be a municipality under the Madras state and later a part of Tamil Nadu , when the state was split on linguistic lines during 1953, 1956 and 1960 and renamed in 1968. It was promoted to a second-grade municipality in 1978, first-grade in 1978, selection-grade in 1998, special-grade in 2013 and proposed to be upgraded as municipal corporation in 2017. On 31-December-2020, both Sivakasi and Thiruthangal are merged with
3332-404: The main forest plantation species in the district. The forest area in the district is 1,179.29 km (455.33 sq mi), which is 40.98% of the total geographical area of the district. The Meghamalai Wildlife sanctuary , Srivilliputhur elephant reserve , and part of Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary are situated in Theni district. There has been no conservation of biological resources in
3400-399: The main reason for child labour. The employers also preferred children because of ease of management, discipline, and lack of labour unions. The children in these industries suffered from a backache, neckache, tuberculosis, malnutrition, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatitis, respiratory disorders, over-exhaustion, burn injuries and water-borne diseases due to exposure to harmful chemicals in
3468-407: The municipal data for 2011, about 45 metric tonnes of solid waste were collected from Sivakasi every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping was carried out by the sanitary department of the Sivakasi municipality. The coverage of solid waste management in the city by the municipality had an efficiency of 100% in 2001. There is no underground drainage system in
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#17327909170883536-552: The population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 69.84%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 338,112 households. There were a total of 591,642 workers, comprising 36,371 cultivators, 275,585 main agricultural labourers, 12,714 in house hold industries, 205,921 other workers, 61,051 marginal workers, 1,996 marginal cultivators, 39,576 marginal agricultural labourers, 2,225 marginal workers in household industries and 17,254 other marginal workers. Languages of Theni district (2011) At
3604-408: The prized lingam, he rested under the grove of a vilva tree, the favourite tree of Shiva. When a cow carrying the lingam refused to move from the spot, the king realised that the wishes of Shiva were different from his own, and he placed the lingam in the place where the cow halted. The place where the "Shiva lingam brought from Kasi" was installed came to be known as Sivakasi. Sivakasi was a part of
3672-503: The rainfall is received during the North East monsoon in the months of October, November and December. The average humidity of the city is 76.2% and varies between 65.6% to 79.2%. The municipality covers an area of 6.8 km (6,800,000 m ). According to 2011 census , Sivakasi had a population of 71,040 with a sex-ratio of 1,009 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 6,963 were under
3740-456: The rehabilitation of children withdrawn from these factories. In 1988, the union labour ministry initiated a programme for providing informal education, free healthcare and free lunch for children working in the factories. The Supreme Court of India , in a judgement, ruled in December 1996 indicating provisions for preventing child labour like compensation for the child employed, employment to
3808-457: The religious census of 2011, Sivakasi had 85.42% Hindus , 9.21% Muslims , 5% Christians , 0.01% Sikhs , 0.06% Jains , 0.08% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference. In 2001, 16 slums were identified in the city and a total of 34,029 people resided in the slums. The slum population increased from 42% to 47% during the period of 1991–2001. The high decadal growth of population during
3876-548: The road. The city has 13.035 km (8.100 mi) concrete road and 52.116 km (32.383 mi) bituminous road. A total of 2.5 km (1.6 mi) of state highways is maintained by the State Highways Department. Four major roads connect the city with Sattur , Virudhunagar , Srivilliputhur and Vembakottai ; there are no bypass roads around the city. There are eight major intersections located across different parts in these major roads. Sivakasi
3944-578: The surrounding area Sivakasi Sivakasi is a city in Virudhunagar District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . The city is known for firecrackers and match factories that produce 70% of the country's produce. The printing industries in Sivakasi produce 30% of the total diaries produced in India. The industries in Sivakasi employ over 25,000 people and the estimated turnover of the firecracker, match making and printing industries in
4012-438: The time of the 2011 census, 79.04% of the population spoke Tamil , 12.75% Telugu and 7.86% Kannada as their first language. Periyakulam , Theni , Uthamapalayam , Cumbum , and Bodinayakanur are charming towns in the district. Cascades, silver-lined clouds resting atop green hill tops, sheer rock faces and temples of antiquity distinguish these places. Theni is the orchid of Tamil Nadu. It has numerous green lands like
4080-407: The work environment. The situation of the child labour came to light during an accident of a bus transporting the children in 1976. The central government appointed a one-man committee under Harbans Singh in 1978, who reported abolishing child labour would seriously impact the economy of the region. The National Policy on child labour was formulated by the central government in August 1987, aiming at
4148-499: The year, while in most grape growing centres elsewhere the season ends with summer. Cotton Spinning Mills and Sugar Mills are the major industries in this district. In Andipatti Taluk Handloom weaving and power looms are flourishing. In Uthamapalayam Taluk, the Highwavis Estate produces an important amount of Tea. Bodinayakanur is a major market place (Auction Centres) for cardamom, coffee, tea and black pepper . This city
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#17327909170884216-542: The year. The temperature ranges from a maximum of 39 °C (102 °F) to a minimum of 23 °C (73 °F). Like the rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months and December to January are the coldest. Sivakasi receives scanty rainfall with an average of 812 mm (32.0 in) annually, which is lesser than the state average of 1,008 mm (39.7 in). The Southwest monsoon, with an onset in June and lasting up to August, brings scanty rainfall. The bulk of
4284-405: Was 806.86 km (311.53 sq mi). Dense forest and sparse forest are 292.81 km (113.05 sq mi) and 22.43 km (8.66 sq mi), respectively. There is no unclassed forest type in the district. About 44.65 km (17.24 sq mi) of artificial forest area are cultivated in the district. Wattle , softwood , fuel wood , cashew , neem , and tamarind are
4352-593: Was annexed to the Madras Presidency . The mutual confrontation between the Maravars and Nadars reached its peak in 1899, leading to a series of riots which became known as the Sivakasi riots . A total of 22 people were killed, as many as 800 houses and the Big Chariot in the center of the city (used by the temple during festivals) were burnt during the riots. Eventually, the riots came to an end after
4420-427: Was delighted to see it printed on his favourite khadi cloth. He wished to carry it with him on his tour, but realised that he could not carry it all through his journey. Hence with the permission of the villagers, he decided to auction the memento and use the fund for welfare scheme. P.C. Rajan was the successful bidder and he collected the souvenir from the hands of Gandhi. The piece was later on donated by Mr. Rajan to
4488-476: Was established during the early 15th century CE. Between 1428 and 1460, a Pandya king Harikesari Parakkirama Pandian ruled the southern part of Madurai region (comprising modern-day Sivakasi and its surroundings). Hindu legend relates that he wanted to construct a temple for the Hindu god Shiva at Tenkasi and went to Kasi to bring a lingam (an iconic representation of Shiva). While returning to his palace with
4556-409: Was formed by the bifurcation from the former Madurai District as per G.O. Ms. No. 679 Revenue Department dated 7 July 1996. Consequent to the bifurcation, one new Revenue Division with headquarters at Uthamapalayam and two new Taluks at Theni and Bodinayakanur were also created with effect from 1 January 1997. Theni Municipal town was only a firka headquarters until 31 December 1996. Consequent to
4624-556: Was itself was a small though lesser-known town by the 1900s. After the Mullai-Periyar merger project, many people from nearby arid regions ( Sivakasi , Kovilpatti , Virudhunagar , Sattur and several nearby towns) settled in Cumbum Valley (present day Theni District). So there was influx of people by the 1890s to 1920s. Bodi and Periyakulam were famous places at that time. Later Theni developed rapidly due to commerce. The 2,889 km (1,115 sq mi) district lies at
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