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78-512: The Oxford English Dictionary traces the earliest use (as "Androides") to Ephraim Chambers ' 1728 Cyclopaedia , in reference to an automaton that St. Albertus Magnus allegedly created. By the late 1700s, "androides", elaborate mechanical devices resembling humans performing human activities, were displayed in exhibit halls. The term "android" appears in US patents as early as 1863 in reference to miniature human-like toy automatons. The term android

156-538: A French translation of Chambers's work. Attribution: Waseda University Waseda University ( 早稲田大学 ), abbreviated as Waseda ( 早稲田 ) or Sōdai ( 早大 ) , is a private research university in Shinjuku , Tokyo. Founded in 1882 as the Tōkyō Professional School by Ōkuma Shigenobu , the fifth Prime Minister of Japan , the school was formally renamed Waseda University in 1902. Waseda

234-478: A broader spectrum of realized technology in the near future. Now Saya is working at the Science University of Tokyo as a guide. The Waseda University (Japan) and NTT docomo 's manufacturers have succeeded in creating a shape-shifting robot WD-2 . It is capable of changing its face. At first, the creators decided the positions of the necessary points to express the outline, eyes, nose, and so on of

312-441: A cap in three days. Each square cap was stamped on the inside with the student's name, his department, the school seal and the legend, "This certifies that the owner is a student of Waseda". Thus, the cap served as a form of identification, and effectively a status symbol. The cap, with its gold-braided badge, is registered as a trademark. On 21 October 2007, Waseda University celebrated its 125th anniversary. Ōkuma often talked about

390-448: A certain person. The robot expresses its face by moving all points to the decided positions, they say. The first version of the robot was first developed back in 2003. After that, a year later, they made a couple of major improvements to the design. The robot features an elastic mask made from the average head dummy. It uses a driving system with a 3DOF unit. The WD-2 robot can change its facial features by activating specific facial points on

468-730: A companion for the young and the elderly. Assoc Prof Gerald Seet from the School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and the BeingThere Centre led a three-year R&D development in tele-presence robotics , creating EDGAR. A remote user can control EDGAR with the user's face and expressions displayed on the robot's face in real time. The robot also mimics their upper body movements. KITECH researched and developed EveR-1 , an android interpersonal communications model capable of emulating human emotional expression via facial "musculature" and capable of rudimentary conversation, having

546-444: A comprehensive university with two senior high schools and school of art and architecture. On 12 June 1950, sixty police raided Waseda University and seized copies of a Communist-inspired open letter to General MacArthur. The open letter to MacArthur was once read at a Communist-sponsored rally a week earlier. The letter demanded a peace treaty for Japan that would include Russia and Communist China, withdrawal of occupation forces, and

624-792: A continuation of the long tradition of men attempting to create the stereotypical "perfect woman". Examples include the Greek myth of Pygmalion and the female robot Maria in Fritz Lang 's Metropolis . Some gynoids, like Pris in Blade Runner , are designed as sex-objects, with the intent of "pleasing men's violent sexual desires", or as submissive, servile companions, such as in The Stepford Wives . Fiction about gynoids has therefore been described as reinforcing "essentialist ideas of femininity", although others have suggested that

702-588: A cost of 500 billion won (US$ 440 million), of which 50 billion is direct government investment. The new robot city will feature research and development centers for manufacturers and part suppliers, as well as exhibition halls and a stadium for robot competitions. The country's new Robotics Ethics Charter will establish ground rules and laws for human interaction with robots in the future, setting standards for robotics users and manufacturers, as well as guidelines on ethical standards to be programmed into robots to prevent human abuse of robots and vice versa. Walt Disney and

780-461: A mask, with each point possessing three degrees of freedom . This one has 17 facial points, for a total of 56 degrees of freedom. As for the materials they used, the WD-2's mask is fabricated with a highly elastic material called Septom, with bits of steel wool mixed in for added strength. Other technical features reveal a shaft driven behind the mask at the desired facial point, driven by a DC motor with

858-496: A photo of their face is projected onto the 3D Mask. Prof Nadia Thalmann, a Nanyang Technological University scientist, directed efforts of the Institute for Media Innovation along with the School of Computer Engineering in the development of a social robot, Nadine. Nadine is powered by software similar to Apple's Siri or Microsoft's Cortana . Nadine may become a personal assistant in offices and homes in future, or she may become

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936-599: A picture for the Library. The library possesses a unique collection which survived the Bombing of Tokyo in World War II unlike many of its counterparts. The collection is an important resource for the study of pre-war Japanese history and literature. Other museums and libraries on Waseda campuses include: The Waseda University Cheerleading Club is the cheerleading club of Waseda University. Waseda's baseball team

1014-404: A robot with a female appearance can also be referred to as a gynoid . Besides one can refer to robots without alluding to their sexual appearance by calling them anthrobots (a portmanteau of anthrōpos and robot; see anthrobotics ) or anthropoids (short for anthropoid robots; the term humanoids is not appropriate because it is already commonly used to refer to human-like organic species in

1092-567: A se alienum putat Vita simul et laboribus functus Hic requiescere voluit EPHRAIM CHAMBERS. In English thus: Heard of by many, Known to few, Who led a Life between Fame and Obscurity Neither abounding nor deficient in Learning Devoted to Study, but as a Man Who thinks himself bound to all Offices of Humanity, Having finished his Life and Labours together, Here desires to rest EPHRAIM CHAMBERS. The Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert owed its inception to

1170-460: A simple pulley and a slide screw. Apparently, the researchers can also modify the shape of the mask based on actual human faces. To "copy" a face, they need only a 3D scanner to determine the locations of an individual's 17 facial points. After that, they are then driven into position using a laptop and 56 motor control boards. In addition, the researchers also mention that the shifting robot can even display an individual's hair style and skin color if

1248-490: A staff of Imagineers created Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln that debuted at the 1964 New York World's Fair . Dr. William Barry, an Education Futurist and former visiting West Point Professor of Philosophy and Ethical Reasoning at the United States Military Academy , created an AI android character named "Maria Bot". This Interface AI android was named after the infamous fictional robot Maria in

1326-480: A variety of subjects. She uses AI to process and synthesize information to make her own decisions on how to talk and engage. She collects data through conversations, direct data inputs such as books or articles, and through internet sources. Maria Bot was built by an international high-tech company for Barry to help improve education quality and eliminate education poverty. Maria Bot is designed to create new ways for students to engage and discuss ethical issues raised by

1404-653: A vocabulary of around 400 words. She is 160 cm tall and weighs 50 kg , matching the average figure of a Korean woman in her twenties. EveR-1's name derives from the Biblical Eve , plus the letter r for robot . EveR-1's advanced computing processing power enables speech recognition and vocal synthesis, at the same time processing lip synchronization and visual recognition by 90-degree micro- CCD cameras with face recognition technology . An independent microchip inside her artificial brain handles gesture expression, body coordination, and emotion expression. Her whole body

1482-427: A wholly organic, yet artificial, creation. Other fictional depictions of androids fall somewhere in between. Eric G. Wilson, who defines an android as a "synthetic human being", distinguishes between three types of android, based on their body's composition: Although human morphology is not necessarily the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in

1560-533: Is able to choreograph its motions and gestures with its voice. The Intelligent Mechatronics Lab, directed by Hiroshi Kobayashi at the Tokyo University of Science , has developed an android head called Saya , which was exhibited at Robodex 2002 in Yokohama , Japan. There are several other initiatives around the world involving humanoid research and development at this time, which will hopefully introduce

1638-534: Is also ranked 2nd in Japan for the number of alumni holding the position of executive in the listed companies of Japan. The number of lawyers who graduated Waseda has been ranked 3rd in Japan since 1949. Furthermore, Waseda alumni have been the 2nd largest group in the Japanese Parliament . Waseda is one of the most selective and sought after universities in Japan. The number of applicants per place

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1716-547: Is known for their long history of success in Tokyo Big6 Baseball League . As of the end of the 2012 season, Waseda had won 43 championships along with the highest winning percentage. They are also known for their rivalry with Keiō University , highlighted by the Sōkeisen series. The series is held twice a year in the spring and autumn at Meiji-Jingu Stadium , considered one of the most important matches of

1794-485: Is made of highly advanced synthetic jelly silicon and with 60 artificial joints in her face, neck, and lower body; she is able to demonstrate realistic facial expressions and sing while simultaneously dancing. In South Korea, the Ministry of Information and Communication had an ambitious plan to put a robot in every household by 2020. Several robot cities have been planned for the country: the first will be built in 2016 at

1872-529: Is named after former university president Takata Sanae. Historical and cultural materials on Waseda University are exhibited in the University Archives, and the materials related with Ōkuma Shigenobu are exhibited in the Ōkuma Memorial Room at the Archives. Aizu Yaichi Memorial Museum opened in 1998. In the front hall, visitors are greeted by the masterpiece "Meian", which dates back to 1927. It

1950-617: Is one of only 3 Japanese business schools categorized in "Universal Business schools with major international influence". Waseda University is one of the few universities in Japan to receive accreditation from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) of the United States of America . Waseda Law School is considered one of the top Japanese law schools, as Waseda's successful candidates for bar examination

2028-714: Is one of the oldest in Japan, formed in 1931 under the direction of Gichin Funakoshi . Graduates of the karate club include Shigeru Egami , leader of the Shotokai school, Kazumi Tabata , founder of the North American Karate-do Federation and Tsutomu Ohshima , founder of Shotokan Karate of America , and Sadaharu Honda , founder fo Mumon Karate . Waseda's fencing club was established in 1946. In recent years it has achieved impressive intercollegiate and national results. In 2021, Waseda won

2106-543: Is organized into 36 departments: 13 undergraduate schools and 23 graduate schools. As of 2023, there are 38,776 undergraduate students and 8,490 graduate students. In addition to a central campus in Shinjuku (Waseda Campus and Nishiwaseda Campus), the university operates campuses in Chūō , Nishitōkyō , Tokorozawa , Honjō , and Kitakyūshū . Waseda also operates 21 research institutes at its main Shinjuku campus. The university

2184-559: Is painted on the world's largest hand-made washi (Japanese paper), which is 4.45 meters in diameter and weighs about 12 kilograms. It was manufactured by Iwano Heisaburō, the founder of the Echizen paper works in Imadachi-cho, Fukui prefecture. The masterpiece was painted free of charge by Yokoyama Taikan and Shimomura Kanzan , two artists who represented the modern Japanese style of painting. President Takata Sanae asked them to paint

2262-509: Is ranked 10th out of all the 744 Japanese universities which existed as of 2006. According to 2010 Survey by Weekly Economist 〈ja〉 on the ranking of universities according to the ratio of the number of the officers & managers produced by each university to the number of graduates, Waseda is ranked 35th out of all the 778 Japanese universities which existed as of 2010. According to 2020 Nikkei Survey to all listed (3,714 ) and leading unlisted (1,100), totally 4,814 companies, Waseda

2340-490: Is ranked 12th out of 781 Japanese universities as of 2020. Its alumni include influential Chinese government figures such as Zhou Enlai and Li Dazhao . Kim Seong-su , former vice president of South Korea , established Korea University , one of the Korean peninsula's leading institutions. This connection led to a professional academic collaboration between Waseda and Korea University starting in 1973, culminating in

2418-536: Is selected as one of the Top Type (Type A) universities under MEXT 's Top Global University Project . Its alumni include eight prime ministers of Japan ; three prime ministers of Korea ; a number of important figures of Japanese literature, including Haruki Murakami ; founders of leading Japanese and Korean companies such as Samsung , Sony , Ito En , Lotte , CJ Group , POSCO ; and many CEOs , including Japan's richest person, Tadashi Yanai . Waseda

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2496-427: Is used for the actuator. As a result of having an actuator controlled precisely with air pressure via a servosystem, the movement is very fluid and there is very little noise. DER2 realized a slimmer body than that of the former version by using a smaller cylinder. Outwardly DER2 has a more beautiful proportion. Compared to the previous model, DER2 has thinner arms and a wider repertoire of expressions. Once programmed, it

2574-686: The Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences . Chambers' Cyclopædia is known as the original source material for the French Encyclopédie that started off as a translation of Cyclopædia. Chambers was born in Milton near Kendal , Westmorland , England. Little is known of his early life but he attended Heversham Grammar School, then was apprenticed to a globe maker, John Senex , in London from 1714 to 1721. It

2652-624: The Agency for Cultural Affairs in 2007. Ōkuma Garden is located near Ōkuma Auditorium. It is a half-Japanese, half-Western garden of Edo period feudal lord Matsudaira Sanuki's former mansion, redesigned by Shigenobu Ōkuma. After his death, the garden was donated to Waseda University. Now it is a recreation place for students. The Waseda University Library is collectively one of Japan's largest libraries and currently hold some 4.5 million volumes and 46,000 serials. The Waseda University Library, designed by Tachu Naitō, Kenji Imai and Kin'ichi Kiriyama,

2730-633: The Cyclopaedia appeared by subscription in 1728 and was dedicated to George II, King of Great Britain . When he died in 1740, he left materials for a Supplement; edited by George Lewis Scott , this was published in 1753. He also wrote for, and possibly edited, the Literary Magazine (1735–1736), which mainly published book reviews. Chambers worked on translating other works in French on perspective and chemistry from 1726 to 1727, including

2808-527: The Greater Tokyo Area . As of 2020, Waseda University is securely ranked in 2nd place, directly behind the University of Tokyo. According to 2006 Survey by Weekly Diamond 〈ja〉 on the ranking of the universities which produced the high ratio of the graduates who hold the position of "president and chief executive officer of listed company" to all the graduates of each university, Waseda

2886-477: The PRESIDENT 's article on 16 October 2006, graduates from Waseda have the 11th best employment rate in 400 major companies, and the alumni average salary is the 7th best in Japan. Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking World Universities ranked Waseda University as 4th in the world in 2010 (8th in 2011) in terms of the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest worldwide companies. The university

2964-813: The Practice of Perspective from the French of Jean Dubreuil. He also worked with John Martyn to translate the History and Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris (1742). Chambers' epitaph , written by himself, was published in both the original Latin and in English in the Gentleman's Magazine , volume 10, as follows (translation is the original): Multis pervulgatus paucis notus Qui vitam inter lucem et umbram Nec eruditus nec idiota Literis deditus transegit, sed ut homo Qui humani nihil

3042-469: The Yamanote Line . Apart from the main campus in Shinjuku, there are other campuses around the country: The Ōkuma Auditorium is three-story main auditorium that seats 1,435, while the secondary auditorium, located underground, can accommodate 382 people. A seven-story high clock tower stands to the left of the auditorium. Important events and lectures hosted by Waseda University are often held in

3120-467: The human condition and what it means to be human. One aspect of writing about the meaning of humanity is to use discrimination against androids as a mechanism for exploring racism in society, as in Blade Runner . Perhaps the clearest example of this is John Brunner's 1968 novel Into the Slave Nebula , where the blue-skinned android slaves are explicitly shown to be fully human. More recently,

3198-453: The "125 years of life" theory: "The lifespan of a human being can be as long as 125 years. He will be able to live out his natural lifespan as long as he takes proper care of his health", because "physiologists say that every animal has the ability to live five times as long as its growth period. Since a man is said to require about 25 years to become fully mature, it follows that he can live up to 125 years of age." This theory propounded by Ōkuma

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3276-1383: The 13th best university in Japan. In 2023, Waseda University ranked 199th overall, 118th in academic reputation, and 24th in employer reputation in the QS World University Rankings . By subject, Waseda University ranked 25th in Classics and Ancient History, 42nd in Modern Languages, 70th in Law and Legal Studies, 54th in Arts and Humanities, 50th in Politics, 77th in Social Science and Management, 40th in Sports Sciences, 51-100th in Business and Management, 128th in Economics and Econometrics, 101-150th in Engineering, 101-150th in Computer Science, and 115th in Mathematics in

3354-544: The 1927 film Metropolis , as a well-behaved distant relative. Maria Bot is the first AI Android Teaching Assistant at the university level. Maria Bot has appeared as a keynote speaker as a duo with Barry for a TEDx talk in Everett, Washington in February 2020. Resembling a human from the shoulders up, Maria Bot is a virtual being android that has complex facial expressions and head movement and engages in conversation about

3432-645: The Kokoro company demonstrated the Actroid at Expo 2005 in Aichi Prefecture , Japan and released the Telenoid R1 in 2010. In 2006, Kokoro developed a new DER 2 android. The height of the human body part of DER2 is 165 cm. There are 47 mobile points. DER2 can not only change its expression but also move its hands and feet and twist its body. The "air servosystem" which Kokoro developed originally

3510-474: The PKD android won a first-place artificial intelligence award from AAAI . Androids are a staple of science fiction. Isaac Asimov pioneered the fictionalization of the science of robotics and artificial intelligence , notably in his 1950s series I, Robot . One thing common to most fictional androids is that the real-life technological challenges associated with creating thoroughly human-like robots — such as

3588-579: The QS World University Rankings by Subject. Generally speaking, national universities in Japan have better research standards; however, Waseda is one of the few private universities which compete with top national universities. According to Weekly Diamond , Waseda has the 12th highest research standard in Japan in terms of research fundings per researchers in COE Program , and it is one of only two private universities within

3666-676: The Theatre Museum. The Old Library and the administration building were expanded in 1934 and 1955, respectively. After the New Central Library, the Old Library stopped serving as a main library, located where the Abe Stadium used to be, was completed in 1990. It now houses Takata Sanae Memorial Research Library, the University Archives, and Aizu Yaichi Museum. Takata Sanae Memorial Research Library opened in 1994. It

3744-488: The United States Bill Clinton visited Waseda University and mentioned that the university is a center of academic excellence and a training ground for Japan's distinguished leaders. Ōkuma had long desired to create an academic cap so distinctive that someone wearing the cap would immediately be identified as a Waseda student. The chief tailor of Takashimaya , Yashichiro, was called upon to design

3822-573: The WABOT-1, the first android, a full-scale humanoid intelligent robot. Its limb control system allowed it to walk with the lower limbs, and to grip and transport objects with hands, using tactile sensors . Its vision system allowed it to measure distances and directions to objects using external receptors, artificial eyes and ears. And its conversation system allowed it to communicate with a person in Japanese, with an artificial mouth. In 1984, WABOT-2

3900-402: The androids Bishop and Annalee Call in the films Aliens and Alien Resurrection are used as vehicles for exploring how humans deal with the presence of an " Other ". The 2018 video game Detroit: Become Human also explores how androids are treated as second class citizens in a near future society. Female androids, or " gynoids ", are often seen in science fiction, and can be viewed as

3978-478: The assimilation of two concepts: simulacra (devices that exhibit likeness) and automata (devices that have independence). Several projects aiming to create androids that look, and, to a certain degree, speak or act like a human being have been launched or are underway. Japanese robotics have been leading the field since the 1970s. Waseda University initiated the WABOT project in 1967, and in 1972 completed

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4056-413: The context of science fiction, futurism and speculative astrobiology). Authors have used the term android in more diverse ways than robot or cyborg . In some fictional works, the difference between a robot and android is only superficial, with androids being made to look like humans on the outside but with robot-like internal mechanics. In other stories, authors have used the word "android" to mean

4134-464: The creation of strong artificial intelligence —are assumed to have been solved. Fictional androids are often depicted as mentally and physically equal or superior to humans—moving, thinking and speaking as fluidly as them. The tension between the nonhuman substance and the human appearance—or even human ambitions—of androids is the dramatic impetus behind most of their fictional depictions. Some android heroes seek, like Pinocchio , to become human, as in

4212-593: The film Bicentennial Man , or Data in Star Trek: The Next Generation . Others, as in the film Westworld , rebel against abuse by careless humans. Android hunter Deckard in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? and its film adaptation Blade Runner discovers that his targets appear to be, in some ways, more "human" than he is. Android stories, therefore, are not essentially stories "about" androids; they are stories about

4290-478: The first full-body walking android in history. Hanson Robotics, the FedEx Institute of Technology, and the University of Texas at Arlington also developed the android portrait of sci-fi author Philip K. Dick (creator of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? , the basis for the film Blade Runner ), with full conversational capabilities that incorporated thousands of pages of the author's works. In 2005,

4368-557: The increasing presence of robots and artificial intelligence. Barry also uses Maria Bot to demonstrate that programming a robot with life-affirming, ethical framework makes them more likely to help humans to do the same. Maria Bot is an ambassador robot for good and ethical AI technology. Hanson Robotics, Inc. , of Texas and KAIST produced an android portrait of Albert Einstein , using Hanson's facial android technology mounted on KAIST's life-size walking bipedal robot body. This Einstein android, also called " Albert Hubo ", thus represents

4446-543: The men's Épée team division. In 2022, Waseda further strengthened their achievements, claiming victory in all weapon types (Foil, Sabre, Épée) for both men and women's division. In 2016, the first university bandy team in Japan was founded. With no field of regular size, they play rink bandy . The university ranked 2nd in 2015–2016 in Toyo Keizai 's Truly Strong Universities ( 本当に強い大学 ) ranking. In another ranking, Japanese prep school Kawaijuku ranked Waseda as

4524-528: The release of eight Japanese sent to prison for assaulting five U.S. soldiers at a Communist rally. A police official said most Waseda meetings would be banned in the future because "political elements" might try to utilize them. Yuichi Eshima, Vice-chairman of the Students Autonomy Society, said the police action "stupefied" students and professors, and that "This is worse than the prewar peace preservation measures." In 1993, President of

4602-425: The students of all the departments could learn English. Three years later, the department of physical science was closed because it had too few applicants. The department of literature was established in 1890, the department of education in 1903, the department of commerce in 1904, and the department of science and engineering in 1908. Although Waseda formally adopted the term university in its title in 1902 it

4680-448: The top 15. On 16 February 2004, Nikkei Shimbun ran a survey about research standards in engineering studies based on Thomson Reuters, Grants in Aid for Scientific Research and questionnaires to heads of 93 leading Japanese Research Centers. Waseda ranked 5th overall, 7th in research planning, and 1st in business-academia collaboration. Waseda was the only private university ranked in

4758-504: The top 5. Asahi Shimbun summarized the number of academic papers in Japanese major legal journals by university, and Waseda was ranked 3rd during 2005–2009. According to the Asia Top MBA Business Schools Ranking by Asiaweek , Waseda Business School is ranked 2nd in Japan. Eduniversal also ranked Japanese business schools and Waseda is 2nd in Japan (93rd in the world). In this ranking, Waseda

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4836-402: The treatment of androids is a way of exploring racism and misogyny in society. The 2015 Japanese film Sayonara , starring Geminoid F , was promoted as "the first movie to feature an android performing opposite a human actor". Ephraim Chambers Ephraim Chambers ( c.  1680 – 15 May 1740) was an English writer and encyclopaedist , who is primarily known for producing

4914-646: The word robot to the world—were organic artificial humans, the word "robot" has come to primarily refer to mechanical humans, animals, and other beings. The term "android" can mean either one of these, while a cyborg ("cybernetic organism" or "bionic man") would be a creature that is a combination of organic and mechanical parts. The term " droid ", popularized by George Lucas in the original Star Wars film and now used widely within science fiction, originated as an abridgment of "android", but has been used by Lucas and others to mean any robot, including distinctly non-human form machines like R2-D2 . The word "android"

4992-553: The year for students from both schools. Waseda University football team won the Emperor's Cup , in 1964 and 1967. Waseda University Rugby Football Club has reached the final of the All-Japan University Rugby Championship 31 times, and winning fifteen times, most recently in 2008. Its two traditional rivals are Keio University and Meiji University . The Waseda University karate club

5070-497: The Ōkuma Auditorium. Club-sponsored plays, lectures and events are held in the auditorium on days when it is not in use by the university. Many of Waseda University's undergraduate and graduate schools hold their entrance and graduation ceremonies at the Okuma Auditorium. The auditorium opened on 20 October 1927, about five years behind schedule, after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake . A Memorial Hall, constructed in 1957,

5148-457: Was 20.5 (115515/5630) in the 2011 undergraduate admissions. This number of applicants was 2nd largest in Japan. its entrance difficulty is usually considered top with Keio among 730 private universities. Nikkei BP has been publishing a ranking system called the " Brand rankings of Japanese universities " every year, composed of various indicators relating to the power of brand, with Waseda achieving top place in 2010 and 3rd place in 2009 in

5226-672: Was 5th in 2009 and 2010 in Japan. According to the Weekly Diamond on 18 February 2006, Waseda got the highest score from the directors of human resource departments in Greater Tokyo in its Useful University Rankings ( 役に立つ大学ランキング ) . Waseda was ranked 1st in Social Science and 2nd in Natural Science and Engineering among all Japanese universities. According to the Weekly Economist 's 2010 rankings and

5304-401: Was 77 and died when he was 83. He said, "I wish I had understood this '125 years of life' theory 30 years earlier". He did, however, lead a regular life, and lived fairly long compared to other Japanese at the time. Waseda University's main campus is located in the Nishi-Waseda district of Shinjuku . The nearest station is Waseda , although Waseda is generally associated with Takadanobaba on

5382-418: Was completed in 1925. This five-story building, with a total area of 1,195-tsubo (3,950 m ) ( 坪 ) , was used initially as the University Library. The reading room was housed in a separate two-story building, with a seating capacity of 500. One of the prominent libraries established at the end of the Taishō period , it has been a symbol of Waseda University to this day, along with the Okuma Auditorium and

5460-447: Was founded as Tōkyō Professional School ( 東京専門学校 , Tōkyō Senmon Gakkō ) on 21 October 1882 by samurai scholar and Meiji -era politician and former prime minister Ōkuma Shigenobu . Before the name 'Waseda' was selected, it was known variously as Waseda Gakkō ( 早稲田学校 ) or Totsuka Gakkō ( 戸塚学校 ) after the location of the founder's villa in Waseda Village and the school's location in Totsuka Village, respectively. It

5538-440: Was here that he developed the plan of the Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences . After beginning the Cyclopaedia , he left Senex's service and devoted himself entirely to the encyclopedia project. He also took lodging in Gray's Inn , where he remained for the rest of his life. Chambers died in Canonbury House in Islington and was buried in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey . The first edition of

5616-527: Was not until 1920 that, along with other private schools and colleges, it received formal government recognition as a university under the terms of the University Establishment Ordinance. Thus Waseda became, with Keio University , the first private university in Japan. Much of the campus was destroyed in the fire bombings of Tokyo during World War II , but the university was rebuilt and reopened by 1949. It has grown to become

5694-405: Was renamed Waseda University ( 早稲田大学 , Waseda-daigaku ) on 2 September 1902, upon acquiring university status. It started as a college with three departments under the old Japanese system of higher education. In 1882, the university had the department of political science and economics, law, and physical science. Along with these departments, an English language course was established, where

5772-437: Was revealed, and made a number of improvements. It was capable of playing the organ. Wabot-2 had ten fingers and two feet, and was able to read a score of music. It was also able to accompany a person. In 1986, Honda began its humanoid research and development program, to create humanoid robots capable of interacting successfully with humans. The Intelligent Robotics Lab, directed by Hiroshi Ishiguro at Osaka University , and

5850-516: Was used as the fencing venue for the 1964 Summer Olympics . In April 1999, the auditorium along with the old library building were officially designated the first and second historical buildings under the newly passed Tokyo Metropolitan Landscape Regulations, which aim to preserve buildings representative of Tokyo's history and culture. The auditorium was designated as one of the Important Cultural Properties of Japan by

5928-564: Was used in Star Trek: The Original Series episode " What Are Little Girls Made Of? " The abbreviation "andy", coined as a pejorative by writer Philip K. Dick in his novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? , has seen some further usage, such as within the TV series Total Recall 2070 . While the term "android" is used in reference to human-looking robots in general (not necessarily male-looking humanoid robots),

6006-601: Was used in a more modern sense by the French author Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam in his work Tomorrow's Eve (1886), featuring an artificial humanoid robot named Hadaly. The term made an impact into English pulp science fiction starting from Jack Williamson 's The Cometeers (1936) and the distinction between mechanical robots and fleshy androids was popularized by Edmond Hamilton 's Captain Future stories (1940–1944). Although Karel Čapek 's robots in R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) (1921)—the play that introduced

6084-510: Was very popular and often referred to in the media of the time. In commemorative events relating to Waseda University and Ōkuma, the number 125 is accorded special significance, as it marks an important epoch. The tower of Ōkuma Auditorium, completed on the university's 45th anniversary, is 125 shaku , or about 38 m high. In 1963, there were also events to mark the 125th anniversary of Ōkuma Shigenobu's birth. Ōkuma, who twice served as prime minister of Japan, organized his second cabinet when he

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