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36-524: Andretti Winery is a boutique winery in the Oak Knoll District portion of Napa, California . Begun as a "hobby" in 1996, the winery grew steadily. Mario Andretti 's interest in the wine business arose from a commemorative bottling of wine he marketed to celebrate his retirement from auto racing in 1994. Two years later Andretti and longtime friend Joe Antonini , former CEO of Kmart (which had sponsored Andretti's racing team) purchased

72-428: A 53-acre (210,000 m) vineyard and winery in the far north part of Napa, California , where they built a Tuscan -themed winery, tasting room , and guesthouse. The property was under development as a winery at the time, with wine under production by the former owners. In 2001 the company conducted a financial transaction in which it sold the 53 acres (21 ha) to a Napa farming group. The winery then leased back

108-532: A different location. Winemaker Bob Pepi, co-founder with his father of Robert Pepi Winery (now Pepi Winery), and owner of the "Eponymous" winery, has been winemaker since the winery opened in 1996. The winery produces a wide variety of "super-premium" category wines from grapes grown on-site and sourced from various locations in California. It also resells a small quantity of wine imported from Italy. Winery The earliest known evidence of winemaking at

144-511: A flavor enhancer (known as a back-sweetener ), while too much acid in the finished wine will always give it undesired harshness and pungency. Many fruit wines suffer from a lack of natural yeast nutrients needed to promote or maintain fermentation. Winemakers can counter this with the addition of nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium available commercially as yeast nutrient. In the opinion of one wine writer fruit wines often do not improve with bottle age and are usually meant to be consumed within

180-509: A high wastewater output. To a lesser degree, wastewater is produced if boilers or water conditioning equipment is used. Fruit wine Fruit wines are fermented alcoholic beverages made from a variety of base ingredients (other than grapes ); they may also have additional flavors taken from fruits, flowers, and herbs. This definition is sometimes broadened to include any alcoholic fermented beverage except beer. For historical reasons, mead , cider , and perry are also excluded from

216-661: A relatively large scale, if not evidence of actual wineries, has been found in the Middle East . In 2011 a team of archaeologists discovered a 6000 year old wine press in a cave in the Areni region of Armenia , and identified the site as a small winery. Previously, in the northern Zagros Mountains in Iran , jars over 7000 years old were discovered to contain tartaric acid crystals (a chemical marker of wine), providing evidence of winemaking in that region. Archaeological excavations in

252-470: A savory and pleasant fruit wine in undiluted form; this can be particularly true, among others, for strawberries , cherries, pineapples , and raspberries . Therefore, much as to regulate sugar content, the fruit mash is generally topped up with water prior to fermentation to reduce the acidity to pleasant levels. This also dilutes and reduces overall fruit flavor; a loss of flavor can be compensated for by adding sugar again after fermentation which then acts as

288-545: A small amount of carbohydrates ; this necessitates the addition of sugar or honey. Cherry wine is a type of fruit wine made with cherries , usually tart cherries that provide sufficient acid. Cherry wines can be used to make fortified wines and liqueurs . Michigan wine makers, located in the leading tart-cherry-producing region of the United States, produce several varieties of cherry wine, including spiced versions and cherry-grape blends. "Cherry Kijafa"

324-420: A small farm vineyard is a small wine producer or may not have its own vineyard , and instead sources its grape product from outside suppliers. The concept is similar to a microbrewery , in that small batches of product are made primarily for local consumption. The concept of the micro-winery is not as easily accepted as that of the microbrewery, however, as the general public has been conditioned to associate

360-475: A special permit to open a satellite store in a tourist area. New York's passing of the Farm Winery Act of 1976 set an example for other states to pass similar laws. Farm wineries usually operate at a smaller scale than commercial wineries. Farm wineries are a form of value added marketing, known as agritourism, for farmers who may otherwise struggle to show a profit. A micro-winery can either be at

396-452: A wider range of wines; as it is not tied to the grapes it grows. New York State provides a specific micro-winery license that requires the microwinery to purchase local ingredients. The urban winery is a recent phenomenon whereby a wine producer chooses to locate their winemaking facility in an urban setting within a city rather than in the traditional rural setting near the vineyards . With advances in technology and transportation, it

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432-420: A winery as having a vineyard. A winery uses similar wine-making equipment as a major commercial winery, just on a smaller scale. Glass carboys and sanitary plastic pails are often seen in the facilities of a micro-winery. Typically, each batch of wine yields 23 Liters (6 US gallons). One of the primary differences of a micro-winery as compared to a typical winery is that a micro-winery is typically able to offer

468-423: A year of bottling. Plum jerkum is made from fermented plums in a manner similar to the use of apples for cider . It was often associated with the north Cotswolds and was once a product of the city of Worcester . Umeshu ( 梅酒 ), sometimes known as "plum wine", is a beverage popular in both Japan and Korea, made by steeping ume , or Japanese plums, in shōchū or another clear liquor such as sake . It

504-493: Is a fortified fruit wine that is produced in Denmark from cherries with added natural flavors, and usually contains 16% alcohol by volume . Among cherry liqueurs Maraska , a cherry wine made from Marasca cherry from Croatia, is among the best known. The last couple of years Fredriksdal Cherry Wine (partly invented by distinguished restaurant owner Jan Friis-Mikkelsen ) has been produced in Denmark. Cherry wine production

540-622: Is also possible to produce fruit vermouth or other fruit wines flavored with herbs and spices. There are different production methods for fruit dessert wines. In Canada you can find apple icewine , which is produced by cryo-extraction (freeze concentration) of apple juice or apple cider ( ice cider ). Oxidative vinification (sherrisation) is used, for example, in apple dessert wine. Adding alcohol (port wine method, fortification ) can be found with French pommeau or with cherry wine and other fruit dessert wines, for example, from Denmark. For fortified wines that are legally between wine and spirits,

576-583: Is becoming popular in China, where cherry production is high. Fruit wine can be made from oranges. This should not be confused with orange wine , also known as amber wine, which is made from grapes, but is orange/amber in color. Wine made from oranges, although not commercially widely available, is produced in White River, South Africa, and by home wine makers . The taste is a light bodied wine, pale or golden in color, dry, thin in body, alcoholic. Outcome

612-484: Is made from dandelion petals and sugar, usually combined with an acid (such as lemon juice). While commonly made as a homemade recipe, there are a handful of wineries that commercially produce Dandelion wine, including Bellview Winery of New Jersey , Breitenbach Winery of Ohio , Hidden Legend Winery of Montana and Maple River Winery of North Dakota . Rose hip wine is a fruit wine. It can be made from fresh or dried rose hips . To produce this beverage,

648-633: Is made from fermented grape juice. In the European Union, wine is legally defined as the fermented juice of grapes. In the United Kingdom, fruit wine is commonly called country wine ; the term should not be conflated with the French term vin de pays , which is grape wine. In British legislation, the term made wine is used. Fruit wine can be made from virtually any plant matter that can be fermented. Most fruits and berries have

684-494: Is made from the juice of pineapples . Fermentation of the pineapple juice takes place in temperature-controlled vats and is stopped at near-dryness. The result is a soft, dry, fruit wine with a strong pineapple bouquet. Pineapple wine is popular in Thailand and other SE Asian countries, where it is made using traditional practices and is not available commercially. In Mexico, fermented pineapple beverages are very popular and given

720-402: Is not a problem for an urban winery to grow their grapes in a remote location and then transport them to the urban facility for crushing, fermentation and aging. Urban wineries have been opened in cities across the United States including San Francisco; Sacramento; Portland, Oregon; Seattle; Frederick, Maryland; New York; Cincinnati; San Diego; and Los Angeles to name a few. Wilridge Winery was

756-505: Is not a true fruit wine, as the plums are not fermented. It is commonly drunk mixed with soda or in a cocktail. Pomegranate wine is a type of fruit wine. A commercial pomegranate wine product was developed in Israel, and is marketed abroad as Rimon . Since then, commercial pomegranate wine has also started also to be made in Cyprus, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. Pineapple wine

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792-438: Is reliant on the yeast used. Recipes are few and far between. Typically a home wine maker is receiving the bounty of their own orange tree or from a neighbors tree. The wine can be difficult to make because the fruit is very acidic, and the pH must be adjusted up. Further complications are encountered by a type of Penicillium mold that can stop the fermentation and spoil the wine. Great care must be taken to clean and sanitize

828-732: The Barossa Valley in Australia or the legendary wine regions of France ( Bordeaux , Burgundy , Champagne ) and Italy , wineries can be found nearly everywhere. The east coast of the United States also has winemaking regions like New York's Finger Lakes region, Aquidneck Island , RI and Long Island, NY and Cape May, NJ. Wineries do not have to be located adjacent to vineyards; grapes can be shipped anywhere. In addition, people make wine out of other fruits and plants (dandelion wine, apple wine, strawberry wine, honey wine, passion fruit wine), so these specialty wineries tend to pop up where

864-428: The fermentation of fruit, as well as blending and aging of the juice. The grapes may be from vineyards owned by the winery or may be brought in from other locations. Many wineries also give tours and have cellar doors or tasting rooms where customers can taste wines before they make a purchase. While some associate wineries with large winemaking regions such as Napa Valley and Sonoma Valley in California,

900-451: The addition of sugar or honey to make them palatable and to increase the alcoholic content (sugar is converted to alcohol in the fermentation). Two commonly produced varieties are elderberry wine and dandelion wine. A wine made from elderberry flowers is called elder blow wine . The amount of fermentable sugars is often low and needs to be supplemented by a process called chaptalization in order to have sufficient alcohol levels in

936-559: The definition of fruit wine. Fruit wines have traditionally been popular with home winemakers and in areas with cool climates such as North America and Scandinavia. In subtropical climates, such as in East Africa, India, and the Philippines, wine is made from bananas . Fruit wines are usually referred to by their main ingredient (e.g., plum wine or elderberry wine ) because the usual definition of wine states that it

972-436: The finished wine. Sucrose is often added so that there is sufficient sugar to ferment to completion while keeping the level of acidity acceptable. If the specific gravity of the initial solution is too high, indicating an excess of sugar, water or acidulated water may be added to adjust the specific gravity down to the winemaker's target range. Many kinds of fruit have a natural acid content which would be too high to produce

1008-556: The first urban winery in Seattle. Winery wastewater is primarily generated during the cleaning of winemaking equipment and facilities. The quantity and quality of wastewater shows seasonal variations. Wastewater handling involves collection, possible treatment, then disposal and/or reuse. Peak wastewater generation occurs during the "crush", in other words, when grapes are actively being processed into juice for fermentation. This process requires large amounts of clean water and results in

1044-399: The fruit. The remainder of the process is straightforward. The US government Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau has a standard for orange wine. There is also the option of producing fruit dessert wines. Many homemade country wines and fruit wines are made in a dessert wine style with more or less residual sugar and high alcohol content. But dessert wines don't have to be sweet, e.g.

1080-669: The name tepache . Commercial examples from around the world include Maui's Winery in Hawaii and Jacobs Wines of Nigeria, the first pineapple winery in Africa. It is also made in Dominican Republic by Vinicola Del Norte, its alcohol content is 10%. Several varieties of pineapple wine are made in Okinawa , Japan, from local produce. Its alcohol content is 11.5% ABV . Dandelion wine is a fruit wine of moderate alcohol content that

1116-405: The other substances are grown. For example, a winery in Hawaii produces pineapple wine. A class of winery license known as the farm winery allows farms to produce and sell wines on site. Farm wineries differ from commercial wineries in that the fruit which is the source of the wine is usually produced on the farm, and the final product is also sold on the farm. States such as New York have given

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1152-507: The potential to produce wine. There are a number of methods of extracting flavour and juice from the fruits or plants being used; pressing the juice, stewing and fermenting the pulp of the fruits are common. Few foods other than grapes have the balanced quantities of sugar, acid , tannin , nutritive salts for yeast feeding, and water to naturally produce a stable, drinkable wine, so most country wines are adjusted in one or more respects at fermentation. However, some of these products do require

1188-551: The rose hips are fermented in syrup with yeast and citric acid , creating an extract . This technique is used with only a few other types of fruit wine, including blackthorn (sloe), hawthorn , and rowan . Redcurrant and whitecurrant fruit wines are beverages that are usually produced in northerly cool areas, where it is hard to grow high-quality grapes. They are simple to produce. Their natural chemical balances are such that they can be self-clarified without any additional substances. Redcurrants and whitecurrants contain only

1224-510: The sherry fino . In Germany fruit dessert wines are fruit wines with more than 12.0% vol. In Austria they need an alcohol content of at least 13.0% vol. to a maximum of 22.0% vol. The total alcohol content may be increased by adding alcohol, fruit spirits, sugar, fruit juice and fruit juice concentrate to the fruit wine or cider. Fruit dessert wines can thus resemble classic dessert wines such as sherry or port wine . In US these wines are often labelled as fruit port and resemble fruit liqueur . It

1260-417: The southern Georgian region of Kvemo Kartli uncovered evidence of wine-making equipment (containers called qvevri ) dating back 8000 years. In 2017 the remnants of an 8000-year-old facility for large-scale production was found 20 miles south of Tbilisi , Georgia . Wineries typically employ winemakers to produce various wines from grapes by following the winemaking process. This process involves

1296-407: The tasting room and events center. The company has no ownership stake in the nearby vineyards. The winery is operated by a public company, Andretti Wine Group, that the founders formed in a "reverse public shell merger" in 1995. It raised $ 3 million via a public offering in 1998, however it is no longer publicly traded. In 2021, the winery on Big Ranch Road closed and announced plans to open at

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