33-767: Andrew Barclay may refer to: Andrew Barclay (bookbinder) (1737–1823), who emigrated from Scotland to the British-American colonies Andrew Barclay (mathematician) (1849–1943), Scottish mathematician Andrew Barclay (merchant) (1719–1775), Scottish-American merchant Andrew Whyte Barclay (1817–1884), Scottish physician Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. , Scottish builder of steam and diesel locomotives Andy Barclay , character in Child's Play series See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Andrew Barclay [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
66-469: A large section of Scottish society Scottish loyalism has become more visible through prominent demonstrations of the beliefs of its members since the establishment of a Scottish Parliament . Scottish loyalism is visible through participation at Orange parades with supporters from Rangers , Heart of Midlothian F.C. and Airdrie United . Loyalists in Scotland mostly live in small working-class enclaves in
99-534: A life of farming and ranching and was seldom involved in bookbinding. Andrew Barclay died in Shelburne, Nova Scotia, on 2 July 1823, at age 86. His estate was appraised at £280. The various items listed in his will included a set of bookbinder's tools and other items. Loyalists Loyalism , in the United Kingdom , its overseas territories and its former colonies , refers to the allegiance to
132-566: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Andrew Barclay (bookbinder) Andrew Barclay (1737–1823) was a Scottish bookbinder who emigrated from Kinross, Fifeshire , to Boston in the British-American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century. As the American Revolutionary War drew near, Barclay sided with the Loyalists and was compelled to leave Boston when
165-559: Is no known bookbinder of American origin that was known to sign or label the works he bound. The two exceptions in the American colonies both emigrated from Scotland; Andrew Barclay and Samuel Taylor, who worked out of Boston and Philadelphia respectively. In 1764 while Isaiah Thomas was an apprentice for Zechariah Fowle , now operating a printing press on his own, he printed Tom Thumb's playbook; To teach children their letters as soon as they can speak , which he commissioned Barclay for
198-753: The Castle Hill convict rebellion later that year. During the early 19th century, nearly every English and Welsh county formed a Loyalist Association of Workers in an effort to counter a perceived threat from radical societies . The first such association was founded in Westminster on 20 November 1792. Generally, the term loyalist in Northern Ireland is typified by a militant opposition to Irish republicanism , and also often to Roman Catholicism. It stresses Ulster Protestant identity and community with its own folk heroes and events, such as
231-578: The Industrial Revolution when a significant number of Ulster Protestants migrated to Scotland from Ireland. In Scotland, a loyalist is someone on the fringes of Scottish unionism who is often strongly supportive of loyalism and unionism, although mainly concentrating on the Irish union issue rather than on Scottish politics . Scottish loyalism is typified by militant opposition to Scottish republicanism, Scottish independence . Coming from
264-876: The Northern Ireland Assembly in 1998, 2003 and 2007, but lost them in 2011. Loyalism in the post-partition Republic of Ireland has declined since independence. Large numbers of southern Irish loyalists and non-loyalists volunteered for service in the British Armed Forces in World War I and World War II, many of them losing their lives or settling in the United Kingdom after the wars. Partition saw mass movements of southern loyalists to Northern Ireland or to Great Britain, although small loyalist or neo-unionist groups are still active. The Scottish loyalist movement originated during
297-520: The Thirteen Colonies . Throughout the war, the British military formed over 100 loyalist line regiments whose strength totaled 19,000 of which 9,700 served most at one time. Including militia and marine forces more than 50,000 served. The Patriots used tactics such as property confiscation to suppress loyalism and drive active loyalists away. After the war, approximately 80–90 per cent of
330-588: The Ulster Defence Association (UDA), Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), Red Hand Commando (RHC) and the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). Although Irish loyalist paramilitaries have claimed to speak on behalf of their communities and unionists in general, their electoral support is minimal and exclusively based in the urban working class. The Progressive Unionist Party , a pro- Belfast Agreement loyalist party, won seats in
363-723: The United Irishmen , who were in support of an independent Irish Republic . In 1795, Ulster loyalists founded the Orange Order and organised the Yeoman Militia, which helped to put down the rebellion. Some loyalists, such as Richard Musgrave , considered the rebellion a Catholic plot to drive Protestant colonists out of Ireland. The Sydney and Parramatta Loyalist Associations, with approximately 50 members each, were formed in 1804 to counter radical societies in those counties, and subsequently helped to put down
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#1732791802356396-516: The War for American Independence . His brother John arrived at Boston six years thereafter. A small percentage of bookbinders ever distinguished their work by including their signature trade label on the inside cover of the works they bound. Subsequently, bookbinder's trade labels are seldom found in the various works that were published in eighteenth-century colonial America. The various works bound by Andrew Barclay containing such labels are considered among
429-704: The British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Crown , notably with the loyalists opponents of the American Revolution , and United Empire Loyalists who moved to other colonies in British North America after the revolution. In North America, the term loyalist characterised colonists who rejected the American Revolution in favour of remaining loyal to
462-556: The British were driven out in March 1776. Upon leaving Boston he was assigned a command in charge of getting Loyalist refugees out of Boston to Nova Scotia. Soon after, he continued his trade in British-occupied New York for the duration of the war. Bookbinder's trade labels like Barclay's, found on the inside cover of some of his works, are considered a rarity among books printed in colonial America. Andrew Barclay
495-601: The Crown. They were joined by 30,000 or more "Late Loyalists" who settled in Ontario in the early 1790s at the invitation of the British administration and given land and low taxes in exchange for swearing allegiance to the King, for a total of 70,000+ new settlers. There were in fact four waves of emigration: in the years 1774 through 1776 when for example 1300 Tories were evacuated with the British fleet that left Boston for Halifax;
528-691: The Loyalists stayed in the new United States, and adapted to the new conditions and changes of a republic. Of the 62,000 who left by 1784, almost 50,000 sought refuge elsewhere in the British North American colonies of Quebec (partitioned into the Canadas in 1791), New Brunswick , Nova Scotia , and St. John's Island ; whereas the remaining loyalist migrants went to Jamaica , the Bahamas and Britain, often with financial help from
561-771: The Sign of the Three Kings in Cornhill". Consistent with Barclay's Loyalist sympathies, he bound works by William MacAlpine, Nathaniel Hurd and John Hicks who fled Boston for Halifax with the British army, all of whom had written in opposition to the prospect of American independence. When the American Revolutionary War broke out Barclay as a Loyalist assumed an active role by joining the Loyal North British Volunteers against
594-512: The States as did an unknown number from Nova Scotia. This migration also included indigenous loyalists such as Mohawk leader Joseph Brant , the " Black Loyalists " – former slaves who had joined the British cause in exchange for their freedom, and Anabaptist loyalists ( Mennonites ). These Loyalists were the founders of modern English-speaking Canada, and many of their descendants of these King's Loyal Americans still identify themselves with
627-469: The actions of the 36th (Ulster) Division during World War I and the activities of the Orange Order. An Ulster loyalist is most commonly a unionist who strongly favours the political union between Great Britain and Northern Ireland, although some may also support an independent Northern Ireland . In recent times, the term has been used to refer to several loyalist paramilitary groups, such as
660-552: The bookbinding, and which bears Barclay's imprint. In September and October 1771 ads advertising bookbinding by Barclay appeared for six consecutive weeks in Thomas' patriot newspaper, The Massachusetts Spy . Andrew Barclay, At the Gilt Bible in Cornhill, Hereby informs his customers and others, that he has just imported from Glasgow, a neat assortment of BOOKS ... Likewise, all Sorts of Binding, Lettering, and Gilding done in
693-403: The king. American loyalists included royal officials, Anglican clergymen, wealthy merchants with ties to London, demobilised British soldiers, and recent arrivals (especially from Scotland), as well as many ordinary colonists who were conservative by nature and/or felt that the protection of Britain was needed. Colonists with loyalist views accounted for an estimated 15 per cent to 20 per cent of
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#1732791802356726-555: The large wave of 50,000 in the years 1783; some few thousands who had stayed in the new Republic but left disenchanted with the results of the revolution for Upper Canada between 1784 and 1790; and the large number 'Late Loyalists,' 30,000, who came in the early 1790s for land, many of them neutrals during the War, to Upper Canada; they soon outnumbered the original truly committed anti-Republicans, 10,000, who had earlier arrived: some Loyalists about 10 per cent maybe from New Brunswick returned to
759-500: The largest quantity of printed religious literature that needed binding. As the ideals of revolution and independence became more prevalent Barclay sympathized with the Loyalists . In the early stages of the Revolutionary War he fled to Nova Scotia, then returned to the colonies at New York after the British had occupied that city, where he continued his trade for the duration of the war. The work of other immigrant binders
792-488: The neatest and best manner... Both Barclay and Taylor are known for their elaborately engraved trade labels which are found on the inside cover of their works. Barclay's signature label is more fanciful and somewhat more widely known than that of Taylor. There are five known works where Barclay's labels can be found, while there are three known works where those of Taylor occur. The inscription on Barclay's trade labels typical read, "Bound by Andrew Barclay, Next Door but one to
825-571: The nominal hereditary title "UEL" ( United Empire Loyalist ) today. To one degree or another, from ideological reasons or less so mixed with prospects of a better life, "All the Loyalists had taken a stand for the Crown and the British Empire"...whether "from a rigorous toryism to some vague sense that royal government was hardly so evil as its enemies claimed. In Canada this diversity was preserved. The Loyalist communities were rarely unanimous – or placid – in their politics". The term loyalist
858-604: The rare exceptions to that advent, with only a few known surviving examples. Historians in this field have searched the rare book departments in various public and university libraries for these labels and have only found several examples. They maintain that the books containing binder's trade labels have largely gone unnoticed or unidentified and hope that more examples are yet to be found pending continued searches. Before 1750 most bookbinders established their trade in Boston simply because its numerous religious establishments produced
891-410: The rebels in Boston. When the British troops evacuated Boston in March 1776, he was forced to abandon his bookbinding wares and sailed for Nova Scotia, and soon thereafter to New York, where he remained until the end of the war; before leaving New York Barclay was honored by Sir Guy Carleton , and given a command over a company of Loyalist refugees bound for Shelburne, Nova Scotia , where he settled into
924-408: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Barclay&oldid=1216247461 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
957-534: The white colonial population of the day, compared with those described as " Patriots ", who accounted for about 40–50 per cent of the population and the rest neutrals. This high level of political polarisation leads historians to argue that the American Revolution was as much a civil war as it was a war of independence from the British Crown . British military strategy during the American Revolution relied on mobilising loyalist soldiers throughout
990-456: The works they bound. Because of limited resources, with virtually no patronage from royalty or wealth, with little access to superior sources of materials, along with the unstable and wavering economic and political factors present in the colonies, their work was generally of average quality compared to that of European bookbinders. Very often they combined the business of bookbinding with bookselling and sometimes with printing and publishing. There
1023-410: Was born in a small rural town called Cleish , near Kinross, Fifeshire . He was the third born son, of four sons, of James Barclay, and his wife, Marion. He was baptized on 31 March 1738. Little else is known of his youth and family life in Scotland. Barclay was one of a group of Scottish bookbinders and booksellers who, at the age of 21, emigrated to the colonies and worked in Boston before and during
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1056-410: Was first used in Irish politics in the 1790s to refer to Protestant Irishmen (often of English or Scottish ancestry) who opposed Catholic Emancipation and Irish independence from the British Empire. Prominent Irish loyalists included John Foster , John Fitzgibbon and John Beresford . In the subsequent Irish Rebellion of 1798 , the term ultra loyalist was used to describe those who were opposed to
1089-461: Was put on hold by the uncertainty of the war. John Mein and William MacAlpine, also ardent Loyalists, fled the colonies and returned to Scotland. Barclay's first bookbinding shop was located in Cornhill, Boston , where other printers and book sellers had established themselves. In colonial America, bookbinders were an obscure group of tradesmen who rarely took official credit on the title page of
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