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49-745: The Ankogel Group is located in the Austrian federal states of Salzburg and Carinthia . Its highest peak is the Hochalmspitze , 3,360  m (AA) (11,020 ft). The Ankogel Group is the easternmost mountain group of the High Tauern and lies on the main chain of the Alps . The Lower Tauern begin further east. The range gets its name from the Ankogel mountain. 3,252 m (10,669 ft). The Ankogel Group can be further divided into

98-493: A common municipality with about 12,000 inhabitants, is known as 'Austria's largest village'. Salt mining has played an important role in the region's development; Salzburg means "salt city". Independence from Bavaria was secured in the late 14th century. The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an independent prince-bishopric and State of the Holy Roman Empire until German Mediatisation in 1803. The territory

147-681: A half years. Soon after, the Magyars ravaged Great Moravia and not a church was left standing in Pannonia. Archbishop Dietmar I fell in battle in 907. It was not until the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 that the Magyars suffered a crushing defeat, and ecclesiastical life in Salzburg returned to normal. The following year after Archbishop Herhold allied with Liudolf, Duke of Swabia and Duke Conrad

196-673: Is elected by a majority in the provincial parliament Landtag . Provincial elections are held every five years. After World War II , most provincial governments were led by the conservative Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). ÖVP politician Josef Klaus (1910-2001), later chancellor of Austria , served as governor of Salzburg from 1949 till 1961. In 2004 Gabi Burgstaller became the first Social Democratic (and first female) governor of Salzburg. The last results, in April 2023 (Compared to 2018 ) were: The current governor of Salzburg, Wilfried Haslauer (ÖVP), entered into coalition discussions with

245-418: Is its own administrative district. The federal state is divided into 119 municipalities, including Salzburg City . 11 of them have city status ( Städte ), 25 are market towns ( Marktgemeinden ) and the other 83 are simple municipalities ( Gemeinden ). Below is a list of all the municipalities divided by district: The federal state's gross domestic product (GDP) was 29 billion € in 2018, accounting for 7.5% of

294-627: The Central Eastern Alps in the south to the Alpine foothills in the north. It is located in the north-west of Austria, close to the border with the German state of Bavaria ; to the northeast lies the federal state Upper Austria ; to the east the federal state Styria ; to the south the federal states Carinthia and Tyrol . With 561,714 inhabitants, it is one of the country's smaller federal states in terms of population. Running through

343-748: The Duchy of Salzburg was established as a crown land of the Austrian Empire and, after 1866, Austria-Hungary . Salzburg participated in World War I , as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 49,000 Salzburgers were called to arms, of whom 6,000 were killed. In 1918 after World War I , the Duchy of Salzburg was dissolved and replaced with the State of Salzburg , as a component part initially of German Austria and subsequently of

392-568: The First Republic of Austria , the separate state which was mandated by the Allied powers . As a result of Germany's annexation of Austria in 1938, Austria, including Salzburg State, was incorporated into Nazi Germany . After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, the Allies occupied the territory of Austria, being recognized as an independent territory under their rule. Salzburg State

441-598: The Salzach river from the High Tauern range—Mt. Großvenediger at 3,666 m (12,028 ft)—at the main chain of the Alps in the south down to the Alpine foothills in the north. Here it also comprised the present-day Rupertiwinkel on the western shore of the Salzach, which today is part of Bavaria . The former archepiscopal lands are traditionally subdivided into five historic parts ( Gaue ): Flachgau with

490-640: The Wittelsbachs . When the Black Death reached Salzburg in 1347, the Jews were accused of poisoning the wells and suffered severe persecution. In 1473, he summoned the first provincial diet in the history of the archbishopric, and eventually abdicated. It was only Leonard of Keutschach (reigned 1495–1519) who reversed the situation. He had all the burgomasters and town councillors (who were levying unfair taxes) arrested simultaneously and imprisoned in

539-522: The Archbishop of Pannonia and Moravia at Sirmium , entrusting him large territories under the overlordship of the Salzburg diocese. It was only when Rastislav and Methodius were captured by King Louis the German that Adalwin could adequately protest the invasion of his rights. Methodius appeared at the Synod of Salzburg where he was struck in the face and imprisoned in close confinement for two and

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588-649: The Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 46,500 € or 154% of the EU27 average in the same year. Salzburg is the federal state with the highest GDP per capita in Austria before Vienna. The Salzburg Cathedral was the first Baroque building in the German-speaking artistic world. Two other important buildings initiated by the Salzburg archbishops were Hohenwerfen Castle and Hohensalzburg Fortress . The first Archbishop of Salzburg

637-519: The Dukedom of Carinthia, refused to take priestly consecrations, and was replaced by Ulrich , Bishop of Seckau . King Rudolph I of Habsburg quarrelled with the archbishops through the manipulations of Abbot Henry of Admont , and after his death the archbishops and the Habsburgs made peace in 1297. The people and archbishops of Salzburgs remained loyal to the Habsburgs in their struggles against

686-482: The European Commission calls it a province . In German, its official name is Land Salzburg , to distinguish it from its eponymous capital Salzburg . For centuries, it was an independent Prince-Bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire . It borders Germany and Italy. Salzburg State covers an area of 7,156 km (2,763 sq mi). It stretches along its main river — the Salzach – which rises in

735-724: The FPÖ, after his proposition of a ÖVP-FPÖ-SPÖ coalition was rejected by the Social Democrats. Haslauer said "I regret that we could not implement the Alliance for Salzburg". After successful coalition negotiations, the ÖVP and the FPÖ entered into a governing coalition with Haslauer as the Governor and Marlene Svazek as the First Deputy Governor. [1] Salzburg State has joined Lower Austria and Upper Austria as

784-725: The Latin War was besieged in the Hohen-Salzburg , declared a "monster" by Martin Luther , and two later uprisings by the peasants lead to suffering to the entire archdiocese. Later bishops were wiser in the ruling and spared Salzburg the religious wars and devastation seen elsewhere in Germany. Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau gave the Protestants the choice of converting to Catholicism or leaving Salzburg. The cathedral

833-728: The Red of Lorraine , he was deposed, imprisoned, blinded, and banished. Archbishop Bruno of Cologne, called the Bishop-Maker, appointed Frederick I archbishop and declared the Abbacy of St. Peter independent. In the era beginning with Pope Gregory VII , the Latin Christendom entered a period of internal conflict. The first archbishop of the era was Gebhard , who during the Investiture Controversy remained on

882-599: The Romance population, who had maintained Christian traditions. The former theory that he arrived already in c. 543 during the time of the unsourced early Bavarian dukes appears less likely than that he worked during the reign of the Agilolfing duke Theodo II (c. 680–717), when the Bavarian stem duchy came under Frankish supremacy. The bishops of Salzburg traditionally marked the foundation of their diocese as being

931-668: The Salzburg capital and Tarus Tennengau around Hallein are both located in the broad Salzach valley at the rim of the Northern Limestone Alps ; the mountainous ( Innergebirg ) southern divisions are Pinzgau , Pongau around Bischofshofen , and southeastern Lungau beyond the Radstädter Tauern Pass . In the north and east, the prince-archbishopric bordered on the Duchy of Austria , a former Bavarian margraviate , which had become independent in 1156 and, raised to an archduchy in 1457, developed as

980-505: The archbishops gradually reached the status of Imperial immediacy and independence from the Bavarian dukes. Salzburg remained an ecclesiastical principality until its secularisation to the short-lived Electorate of Salzburg (later Duchy of Salzburg ) in 1803. Members of the Bavarian Circle from 1500, the prince-archbishops bore the title of Primas Germaniae , though they never obtained electoral dignity; actually of

1029-462: The castle. His last years were spent in bitter struggle against Matthäus Lang of Wellenburg , Bishop of Gurk , who succeeded him in 1519. Matthäus Lang was largely unnoticed in official circles, although his influence was felt throughout the archbishopric. He brought in Saxon miners, which brought with them Protestant books and teachings. He then attempted to keep the populace Catholic, and during

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1078-588: The cities. Austro-Bavarian is also spoken, especially in the rural areas and the common language of Salzburgerland. Altenmarkt im Pongau , Flachau , Wagrain , St. Johann , Zell am See ( Saalbach-Hinterglemm ), Obertauern , Bad Gastein , Rauris , Lofer , Hochkönig , Krispl 47°25′N 13°13′E  /  47.42°N 13.22°E  / 47.42; 13.22 Archbishopric of Salzburg The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg ( Latin : Archiepiscopatus Salisburgensis ; German : Fürsterzbistum Salzburg; Erzstift Salzburg; Erzbistum Salzburg )

1127-565: The dispute over the ecclesiastical border between Salzburg and the Patriarchate of Aquileia broke out, Charlemagne declared the Drava to be the border. Archbishop Adalwin (859–873) suffered great troubles when King Rastislav of Moravia attempted to remove his realm from the ecclesiastical influence of East Francia . In 870 Pope Adrian II appointed the "Apostle of the Slavs" St. Methodius

1176-414: The emperor, and finally ordered the Protestants to recant their beliefs or emigrate. Over 20,000 Salzburg Protestants were forced to leave their homes, most of whom accepted an offer of land by King Frederick William I of Prussia . The last Prince-Archbishop, Hieronymus von Colloredo , is probably best known for his patronage of Mozart . His reforms of the church and education systems alienated him from

1225-466: The federal state was handed over to Bavaria in 1810. In 1816, following the defeat of Napoleon and the provision of adequate compensation to Bavaria at the Congress of Vienna , it was returned to Austria with the exception of the north-western Rupertiwinkel which remained Bavarian. The Salzburger Land was administered as the department of Salzach from Linz , the capital of Upper Austria . In 1849

1274-542: The hands of Duke Theodon II, including several brine wells and salt evaporation ponds which earned Iuvavum its German name Salzburg . In 711 Rupert also founded the Cella Maximiliana in the Pongau region, the later town of Bischofshofen . His niece Erentrude established a Benedictine nunnery at nearby Nonnberg about 713. In 739 Archbishop Boniface , with the blessing of Pope Gregory III , completed

1323-630: The legendary Saint Maximus of Salzburg is the only abbot-bishop known by name. A disciple of Saint Severinus, he was martyred in the retreat from Noricum, after the Germanic Western Roman officer Odoacer had deposed the last Emperor Romulus Augustulus and declared himself King of Italy in 476. In his conflict with the Rugii tribes, Odoacer had his brother Onoulphus evacuate the Noricum ripense province in 487/88, whereby Iuvavum

1372-515: The named three-thousands in the Ankogel Group: Salzburg (Bundesland) Salzburg ( Austrian German: [ˈsaltsbʊrɡ] , Northern German: [ˈzaltsbʊʁk] ; Austro-Bavarian : Soizbuag , also known as Salzburgerland ; Italian : Salisburghese ) is an Austrian federal state . In German it is called a Bundesland , a German-to-English dictionary translates that to federal state and

1421-606: The nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy . The Salzkammergut border region, today a UNESCO World Heritage Site , as an important salt trade region was gradually seized by the mighty House of Habsburg and incorporated into the Upper Austrian lands. In the southeast, Salzburg adjoined the Duchy of Styria , also ruled by the Habsburg (arch-)dukes in personal union since 1192. By 1335, the Austrian regents had also acquired

1470-560: The old Duchy of Carinthia in the south, the Styrian and Carinthian territories were incorporated into Inner Austria in 1379. The Habsburg encirclement was nearly completed when in 1363 the archdukes also attained the County of Tyrol in the west. Only in the northwest did Salzburg border on the Duchy of Bavaria (raised to an Electorate in 1623), and the tiny Berchtesgaden Provostry , which

1519-524: The people. In 1803, Salzburg was secularised as the Electorate of Salzburg for the former Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany (brother of Emperor Francis II ), who had lost his throne. In 1805, it became part of Austria. In 1809, it became part of Bavaria which closed the University of Salzburg , banned monasteries from accepting novices, and banned pilgrimages and processions. The archdiocese

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1568-694: The rivers Danube in the north, the Rába (Raab) in the east and the Drava in the south, an area which had recently been conquered from the Avars . Monasteries were founded and all of Carinthia was slowly Christianised. While Arno was in Rome attending to some of Charlemagne's business in 798, Pope Leo III appointed him Archbishop over the other bishops in Bavaria ( Freising , Passau , Regensburg , and Säben ). When

1617-601: The side of the Pope. Gebhard thus suffered a nine-year exile, and was allowed to return shortly before his death and was buried in Admont . After King Henry IV abdicated and Conrad I of Abensberg was elected Archbishop. Conrad lived in exile until the Calistine Concordat of 1122. Conrad spent the remaining years of his episcopate improving the religious life in the archdiocese. Archbishop Eberhard II of Regensberg

1666-585: The six German prince-archbishoprics (with Mainz , Cologne and Trier ), Magdeburg , Bremen and Salzburg received nothing from the Golden Bull of 1356 . The last prince-archbishop exercising secular authority was Count Hieronymus von Colloredo , who was a patron of the Salzburg-native composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . The prince-archbishopric's territory was roughly congruent with the present-day Austrian state of Salzburg . It stretched along

1715-626: The south are the main ranges of the Alpine divide (incl. the Hohe Tauern mountains) with numerous three-thousanders . The Dachstein massif and the Berchtesgaden Alps ranges of the Northern Limestone Alps border Salzburg State to the east and north. The federal state is traditionally subdivided in five major regions ( Gaue ), congruent with its political districts ( Bezirke , see administrative divisions ). Salzburg municipalities with town privileges : Wals-Siezenheim ,

1764-488: The southern Pongau and Lungau parts. About 696 Saint Rupert , then Bishop of Worms in Frankish Austrasia and later called the apostle of Bavaria and Carinthia, came to the region from the Bavarian town Regensburg and laid the foundations for the re-establishment of the Salzburg diocese. After erecting a church at nearby Seekirchen he discovered the ruins of Iuvavum overgrown with brambles and remnants of

1813-1073: The sub-groups of the Ankogel Massif, the Hochalmspitze Group, the Hafner Group and the Reißeck Group south of the Möll Valley . It comprises the picturesque Maltatal ("valley of falling waters") with the Fallbach Waterfall and the Kölnbrein Dam . The Ankogel Group borders on the following other mountain ranges in the Eastern Alps : (both also part of the High Tauern) part of the Southern Limestone Alps . All

1862-402: The third black-blue coalition provincial government. The ÖVP has four seats in the government, while the FPÖ has three. The current president (speaker) of the Salzburg federal state parliament is Brigitta Pallauf . Government ministers and their portfolios from the 2023 provincial election . Salzburg State comprises six districts, known as Bezirke or vernacularly Gaue : Salzburg city

1911-422: The work of Saint Rupert and raised Salzburg to a bishopric, placed under the primatial see of the Archdiocese of Mainz . St. Vergilius , abbot of St. Peter's since about 749, had quarrelled with St. Boniface over the existence of antipodes . He nevertheless became bishop about 767. Arno , bishop since 785, enjoyed the respect of the Frankish king Charlemagne who assigned to him the missionary territory between

1960-413: The year 582, and struck coins commemorating the 1,200-year anniversary of the event in 1782. In any case, it was not until after 700 that Christian civilisation re-emerged in the region. Rupert established a monastery dedicated to Saint Peter at the site of a Late Antique church in the former Iuvavum . St Peter's Abbey received large estates in the Flachgau (Rupertiwinkel) and Tennengau regions from

2009-401: Was Arno of Salzburg (785–821), in whose honor the world-famous hiking circuit — the Arnoweg — is named. The predominant stylistic elements of Salzburg's architecture have their origins in the Baroque and the Rococo periods. Salzburg City's historic centre was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Austrian German is the local written language, and it can be heard especially in

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2058-456: Was abandoned and with it the bishopric. Saint Severinus had already died in 482 in the castrum of Favianis (present-day Mautern in Lower Austria ), six years before the departure of the Roman legions from the region. From the sixth century onwards, the northern areas of the later archbishopric were resettled by Germanic Bavarii tribes, who established themselves among the remaining Romance population, while Slavic tribes moved into

2107-417: Was able to retain its independence until the Mediatisation in 1803. The Vita Sancti Severini biography by the Early Christian chronicler Eugippius , reported that during the Decline of the Roman Empire about 450 AD the local capital Iuvavum in the Noricum ripense province was already home to two churches and a monastery. Very little is known of the early bishopric during the Migration Period , and

2156-412: Was an ecclesiastical principality and state of the Holy Roman Empire . It comprised the secular territory ruled by the archbishops of Salzburg, as distinguished from the much larger Catholic diocese founded in 739 by Saint Boniface in the German stem duchy of Bavaria . The capital of the archbishopric was Salzburg , the former Roman city of Iuvavum . From the late 13th century onwards,

2205-408: Was made a prince of the Empire in 1213, and created three new sees: Chiemsee (1216), Seckau (1218) and Lavant (1225). In 1241, at the Council of Regensburg he denounced Pope Gregory IX as "that man of perdition, whom they call Antichrist, who in his extravagant boasting says, I am God, I cannot err." During the German Interregnum , Salzburg suffered confusion. Philip of Spanheim , heir to

2254-416: Was occupied by the United States. In 1955, Austria was again declared an independent state and Salzburg was once again one of the reconstituted federal states of the Second Republic of Austria. The historical population is given in the following chart: Salzburg adopted its current provincial constitution in 1999. The provincial government ( Landesregierung ) is headed by a governor ( Landeshauptmann ), who

2303-416: Was rebuilt in such splendour that it was unrivalled by all others north of the Alps . Archbishop Paris of Lodron led Salzburg to peace and prosperity during the Thirty Years' War in which the rest of Germany was thoroughly devastated. During the reign of Leopold Anthony of Firmian , the remaining Protestants in Salzburg were expelled in 1731. He invited the Jesuits to Salzburg and asked for help from

2352-404: Was reestablished as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg in 1818 without temporal power. Up to today, the Archbishop of Salzburg has also borne the title Primas Germaniae ("First Bishop of Germany"). The powers of this title – non-jurisdictional – are limited to being the Pope's first correspondent in the German-speaking world, but had once included the right to preside over

2401-420: Was secularized and, as the Electorate of Salzburg , given as compensation to Ferdinand III , former Grand Duke of Tuscany , the brother of Emperor Francis II . Following the Austrian defeat at Austerlitz in 1805, Salzburg was annexed by Austria as compensation for the loss of Tyrol to the Kingdom of Bavaria , and Ferdinand was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg . After Austria's defeat in 1809,

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