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74-649: Annie Oakley (born Phoebe Ann Mosey ; August 13, 1860 – November 3, 1926) was an American sharpshooter and folk heroine who starred in Buffalo Bill's Wild West . Oakley developed hunting skills as a child to provide for her impoverished family in western Ohio. At age 15, she won a shooting contest against an experienced marksman, Frank E. Butler , whom she married in 1876. The pair joined Buffalo Bill in 1885, performing in Europe before royalty and other heads of state. Audiences were astounded to see her shooting out

148-486: A palace guard, which was an elite group of troops chosen to guard a royal palace or the royalty. This was around the 10th century, although records of some 9th century English Kings show the listings of groups of marksmen specifically chosen for their militaries. In the Australian Army , marksmanship is currently recognized by the award of one of three skill-at-arms badges. The 'Skill at Arms Badge' consists of

222-457: A $ 100 bet per side (equivalent to $ 2,800 in 2023) with Cincinnati hotel owner Jack Frost that Butler could beat any local fancy shooter. The hotelier arranged a shooting match between Butler and the 15-year-old Annie, saying, "The last opponent Butler expected was a five-foot-tall [1.52 m] 15-year-old girl named Annie." After missing on his 25th shot, Butler lost the match and the bet. Another account says that Butler hit on his last shot, but

296-458: A cigar Butler held in his teeth. Oakley and Sitting Bull purportedly met and bonded while working together on a Buffalo Bill show in Minnesota. Sitting Bull joined with Buffalo Bill after being paroled, having led the last major Indian uprising against the federal government; his status as a great warrior and leader was legendary worldwide by the time he and Oakley met. The former Indian Chief

370-568: A cigar from her husband's hand or splitting a playing-card edge-on at 30 paces. She earned more than anyone except Buffalo Bill himself. After a bad rail accident in 1901, she had to settle for a less taxing routine, and she toured in a play written about her career. She also instructed women in marksmanship, believing strongly in female self-defense. Her stage acts were filmed for one of Thomas Edison 's earliest Kinetoscopes in 1894. Since her death, her story has been adapted for stage musicals and films, including Annie Get Your Gun . Annie Oakley

444-523: A cocaine habit. The woman actually arrested was a burlesque performer who told Chicago police that her name was Annie Oakley. Most of the newspapers that printed the story had relied on the Hearst article, and they immediately retracted it with apologies upon learning of the libelous error. Hearst, however, tried to avoid paying the anticipated court judgments of $ 20,000 (equivalent to $ 680,000 in 2023) by sending an investigator to Darke County, Ohio, with

518-475: A family was $ 38,699. Males had a median income of $ 33,143 versus $ 24,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,830. About 10.2% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.8% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over. Various companies and brands such as KitchenAid and BASF North America have offices in Greenville. Greenville hosts

592-530: A high level of marksmanship and fieldcraft through grueling selected courses. Candidates must achieve recce qualification and marksman designation before being considered for the basic sniper course. The Indian Army uses a locally manufactured licensed variant of the SVD Dragunov in the Designated Marksman role as part of each infantry platoon . The Dragunov is used in conjunction with

666-672: A laurel wreath and is awarded to the final 20 competitors in the annual Champion Shot for the Army. The winner of this competition is also awarded the Champion Shots Medal . Only one badge may be worn. In the British Armed Forces , "marksman" is traditionally the highest shooting rating and holders may wear a crossed rifles badge on the lower sleeve. In the United States Army and Marine Corps ,

740-452: A letter to President William McKinley on April 5, 1898, "offering the government the services of a company of 50 'lady sharpshooters' who would provide their own arms and ammunition should the U.S. go to war with Spain." The Spanish–American War did occur, but Oakley's offer was not accepted. Theodore Roosevelt , did, however, name his volunteer cavalry the " Rough Riders " after the "Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of

814-462: A letter to the Kaiser Wilhelm , saying that Annie Oakley wanted to repeat the shot. The kaiser never replied. Oakley continued to set records into her sixties and also engaged in extensive philanthropy for women's rights and other causes, including the support of young women she knew. She embarked on a comeback and intended to star in a feature-length silent movie. She hit 100 clay targets in

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888-669: A local history museum, the Garst Museum , which features the most extensive known collections of memorabilia of Annie Oakley and Lowell Thomas , both of whom were born nearby. It also holds historical artifacts relating to Anthony Wayne and the Treaty of Greenville, as well as Native American artifacts. The museum also includes a village of shops; a wing of early American furnishings, pioneer life, and military uniforms; an early Indianapolis 500 race car built in Greenville; and an extensive genealogy room for research. Also in Greenville

962-511: A male householder with no wife present, and 42.2% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17, and the average family size was 2.83. The median age in the city was 43.4 years. 21.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.8% were from 25 to 44; 25.6% were from 45 to 64, and 22.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

1036-698: A more phonetic spelling . There is also popular speculation that young Oakley had been teased about her name by other children. Prior to their double wedding in March 1884, both Oakley's brother John and one of her sisters, Hulda, changed their surnames to "Moses". Annie soon became well known throughout the region. On Thanksgiving Day 1875, the Baughman & Butler shooting act was being performed in Cincinnati . Traveling show marksman and former dog trainer Frank E. Butler (1847–1926), an Irish immigrant, placed

1110-533: A rented farm (later purchased with a mortgage) in Patterson Township, Darke County, Ohio , sometime around 1855. Born in 1860, Annie was the sixth of Jacob and Susan's nine children, and the fifth of the seven surviving. Her siblings were Mary Jane (1851–1867), Lydia (1852–1882), Elizabeth (1855–1881), Sarah Ellen (1857–1939), Catherine (1859–1859), John (1861–1949), Hulda (1864–1934) and a stillborn infant brother in 1865. Annie's father, who had fought in

1184-532: A representation of crossed .303 Short Magazine Lee–Enfield (SMLE) rifles and is awarded for achieving a prescribed standard of shooting skill. This must be repeated within twelve months for the badge to be awarded in perpetuity to the recipient. The 'Sniper's Badge' is similar in design but incorporates the letter 'S' into the design and is awarded to soldiers who qualify on the Army Sniper's Course. The 'Army Top 20 Badge' consists of crossed .303 SMLE rifles upon

1258-621: A ribbon for qualifying at the expert level, although a bronze star can be earned if the wearer qualifies on both of these types of small arms. Within the United States military, a marksman in the U.S. Army is referred to as "Squad Designated Marksman" (SDM), and a marksman in the Marines is called a " Designated Marksman " (DM). The United States Army particularly emphasizes the fireteam concept : according to US Army Field Manual 3-21.8 (Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad, formerly FM 7-8)

1332-444: A rifle and rope to outsmart a group of outlaws. Throughout her career, it is believed that Oakley taught more than 15,000 women how to use a gun. Oakley believed strongly that it was crucial for women to learn how to use a gun, as not only a form of physical and mental exercise, but also to defend themselves. She said: "I would like to see every woman know how to handle guns as naturally as they know how to handle babies." Buffalo Bill

1406-513: A row from 16 yards (15 m) at age 62 in a 1922 shooting contest in Pinehurst, North Carolina . In late 1922, the couple were in a car crash that forced Oakley to wear a steel brace on her right leg. She eventually performed again after more than a year of recovery, and she set records in 1924. Oakley's health declined in 1925 and she died of pernicious anemia in Greenville, Ohio , at

1480-591: A title that Oakley went on to use throughout her career. Oakley's worldwide stardom as a sharpshooter enabled her to earn more money than most of the other performers in the Buffalo Bill show. She did not forget her roots after gaining financial and economic power. She and Butler together often donated to charitable organizations for orphans. Oakley also proved to be a great influence on women. She urged that women serve in war, though President William McKinley rejected her offer of woman sharpshooters for service in

1554-685: A typical United States Army fireteam consists of four soldiers. In the context of a Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT)'s Infantry Rifle Companies, one man from each fireteam in a rifle squad is either the Squad Anti-armor Specialist ( RMAT ), armed with the FGM-148 Javelin , or the Squad Designated Marksman (DM), who carries the M4 carbine and M14 rifle . In both cases this specialized function replaces

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1628-476: Is St. Clair Memorial Hall , Darke County's center for the arts. Built in 1910, it has been completely remodeled and is a showpiece for all of Darke County. Greenville was the site of the fourth investigation of the television series To Catch A Predator . Over three days in 2006, 18 men were arrested, with Darke County officers assisting the Dateline NBC crew. This investigation was credited with shining

1702-1014: Is a city in and the county seat of Darke County, Ohio , United States. It is located near Ohio 's western edge, about 33 miles (53 km) northwest of Dayton . The population was 12,786 at the 2020 census . Indigenous tribes in the region included the Wyandot, the Delaware, the Shawnee, the Ottawa, the Chippewa, the Pottawatomi, the Miami, the Wea, the Kickapoo, the Piankasha, the Kaskaskia and

1776-546: Is that marksmen are usually considered an organic part of a fireteam of soldiers and are never expected to operate independently away from the main force, whereas snipers are special ops troops who usually work alone or in very small teams with independent mission objectives. Snipers are also often tasked with responsibilities other than delivering long-range fire – specifically, conducting reconnaissance, battle damage assessment and spotting for coordinates/corrections for artillery fire or air strikes . Within

1850-593: Is water. Local airports include Darke County Airport , seven miles away in Versailles , and James M. Cox Dayton International Airport , 35 miles away in Dayton, Ohio. As of the census of 2010, there were 13,227 people, 5,933 households, and 3,430 families living in the city. The population density was 2,004.1 inhabitants per square mile (773.8/km ). There were 6,536 housing units at an average density of 990.3 per square mile (382.4/km ). The racial makeup of

1924-513: The 1870 U.S. Census and "Mosey" is engraved on her father's headstone and appears in his military record; "Mosey" is the official spelling by the Annie Oakley Foundation, maintained by her living relatives. The spelling "Mosie" has also appeared. According to Kasper, Oakley insisted that her family name be spelled "Mozee", leading to arguments with her brother John. Kasper speculates that Oakley may have considered "Mozee" to be

1998-698: The Civilian Marksmanship Program which began just after the turn of the 20th century as a government chartered program and the Division of Civilian Marksmanship. One of the newest and currently the fastest growing marksmanship programs in North America is Project Appleseed which was started by the Revolutionary War Veterans Association in 2006. Shooters who score 210 out of 250 or better on

2072-607: The National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame in Fort Worth, Texas Annie and Frank Butler lived in Cincinnati for a time. Oakley, the stage name she adopted when she and Frank began performing together, is believed to have been taken from the city's neighborhood of Oakley , where they resided. Some people believe she took on the name because that was the name of the man who had paid her train fare when she

2146-486: The New Jersey Hall of Fame . Marksman The proficiency in precision shooting is known as a shooter's marksmanship , which can be used to describe both gunnery and archery . In common usage, " sharpshooter " and "marksman" are synonymous. Within the specialized fields of shooting sports and military usage, however, sharpshooter and marksman each refer to different levels of skill. Specifically, in

2220-702: The Spanish–American War . Beyond this offer to the president, Oakley believed that women should learn to use a gun for the empowering image that it gave. Laura Browder discusses how Oakley's stardom gave hope to women and youth in Her Best Shot: Women and Guns In America . Oakley pressed for women to be independent and educated. She was a key influence in the creation of the image of the American cowgirl . Through this image, she provided substantial evidence that women are as capable as men when offered

2294-541: The War of 1812 , was 61 years old at the time of Annie's birth and became an invalid from hypothermia during a blizzard in late 1865, dying of pneumonia in early 1866 at age 66. Her mother later married Daniel Brumbaugh, had another daughter, Emily (1868–1937), and was widowed once again. Because of poverty following her father's death, Annie did not regularly attend school as a child, although she did attend later in childhood and in adulthood. On March 15, 1870, at age nine, she

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2368-549: The "Quick and Dirty" Appleseed AQT earn the Rifleman designation and are issued a Rifleman patch. Similar to the U.S. military marksmanship ratings of Unqualified, Marksman, Sharpshooter, and Expert (see Marksmanship Badge (United States) ), the Appleseed ratings have the same levels, with the exception that instead of "Expert", the equivalent performance level is called "Rifleman". The National Rifle Association of America

2442-635: The Darke County Fair, which runs annually for nine days in August. Built in 1849, the historic Bear's Mill is an example of a stonegrinding flour mill of its time. Placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, it is used today to grind cornmeal, whole-wheat flour , rye flour, and pancake mixes. The mill and the buhr stones are powered by water. Self-guided tours may be taken during regular business hours. Greenville has

2516-795: The Eel River. These participated in the Northwest Indian War, their effort to repel European Americans from the Northwest Territory. Greenville is the historic location of Fort Greene Ville, built in November 1793 by General Anthony Wayne 's Legion of the United States during the Northwest Indian War . Named for Revolutionary War hero Nathaniel Greene , its defenses covered about 55 acres (220,000 m ), making it North America's largest wooden fort. It

2590-531: The INSAS family of weapons to give flexibility and striking power at short to mid range firefights, to Indian Army infantry units engaged with opposing forces. The Army Marksmanship Unit trains members for sports shooting as well as military shooting. The United States has a long tradition of marksmanship going back to its beginnings including the role of common men in its Revolutionary War. There are several organizations which promote civilian marksmanship including

2664-487: The Shawnee chief Tecumseh and his younger brother Tenskwatawa established an illegal settlement in Greenville. In peaceful protest of the boundary line of the Treaty of Greenville, their group occupied the confluence of Mud Creek and Greenville Creek until 1808. Under pressure from William Henry Harrison , territorial governor of Indiana, and the burgeoning population of settlers, Tecumseh, Tenskwatawa, and their followers relocated to Prophetstown , Indiana, near which

2738-820: The Studabaker family, but the 1870 U.S. Census suggests they were the Abram Boose family of neighboring Preble County . Around the spring of 1872, Annie ran away from "the wolves". According to biographer Shirl Kasper, it was only at this point that Annie met and lived with the Edingtons, returning to her mother's home around the age of 15. Annie began trapping before age 7, and shooting and hunting by age 8, to support her siblings and her widowed mother. She sold hunted game to locals in Greenville , such as shopkeepers Charles and G. Anthony Katzenberger, who shipped it to hotels in Cincinnati and other cities. She also sold

2812-518: The US Army, "marksman" is a rating below "sharpshooter" and "expert". Four levels of skill are generally recognized today in American military and civilian shooting circles: unqualified, marksman, sharpshooter, and expert. Marksmanship badges for the three qualified levels are commonly awarded to both civilian and military shooters who attain proficiency in shooting higher than "unqualified". The main difference between military marksmen and snipers

2886-549: The United Kingdom, King Umberto I of Italy , President Marie François Sadi Carnot of France and other crowned heads of state. Oakley supposedly shot the ashes off a cigarette held by the newly crowned German Kaiser Wilhelm II at his request. From 1892 to 1904, Oakley and Butler made their home in Nutley, New Jersey . Oakley promoted the service of women in combat operations for the United States armed forces. She wrote

2960-459: The World" where Oakley was a major star. In 1901 (the same year as McKinley's assassination), Oakley was badly injured in a train accident but recovered after temporary paralysis and five spinal operations. She left the Buffalo Bill show and in 1902 began a less taxing acting career in a stage play written especially for her, The Western Girl . Oakley played the role of Nancy Berry who used a pistol,

3034-566: The age of 66 on November 3, 1926. She was cremated and her ashes buried at Brock Cemetery, near Greenville. According to B. Haugen, Butler was so distraught by her death that he stopped eating and died 18 days later in Michigan; he was buried next to her ashes. Kasper reports that Butler's death certificate gave senility as the cause of death. One rumor claims that Oakley's ashes were placed in one of her trophies and placed with Butler's body in his coffin prior. Both body and ashes were interred in

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3108-486: The air, she shot cigarettes from her husband's lips, and, a playing card being thrown into the air, she riddled it before it touched the ground. R. A. Koestler-Grack reports that, on March 19, 1884, she was being watched by Chief Sitting Bull when: Oakley playfully skipped on stage, lifted her rifle, and aimed the barrel at a burning candle. In one shot, she snuffed out the flame with a whizzing bullet. Sitting Bull watched her knock corks off of bottles and slice through

3182-621: The basic rifleman position in the fireteam. As with other Commonwealth armies, the Marksman in the Canadian Army is a shooting achievement recognized by a badge bearing the monarch's crown and crossed .303 Lee–Enfield No. 4, Mk I rifles. On operations within the Canadian Infantry Battalion, rifle company designated marksman can be assigned. This is not to be confused with Canadian sniper designation; these attain

3256-477: The bird fell dead about 2 feet (60 cm) beyond the boundary line. He soon began courting Annie and they married. They never had any children. According to a modern-day account in The Cincinnati Enquirer , it is possible that the shooting match took place in 1881 and not 1875. It appears the time of the event was never recorded. Biographer Shirl Kasper states the shooting match took place in

3330-414: The cemetery on Thanksgiving Day, November 25, 1926. After her death, her incomplete autobiography was given to stage comedian Fred Stone , and it was discovered that her entire fortune had been spent on her family and her charities. Biographers, such as Shirl Kasper, repeat Oakley's own story about her first shot at the age of eight. "I saw a squirrel run down over the grass in front of the house, through

3404-575: The city was 46.0% male and 54.0% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 13,294 people, 5,649 households, and 3,462 families living in the city. The population density was 2,206.4 inhabitants per square mile (851.9/km ). There were 6,030 housing units at an average density of 1,000.8 per square mile (386.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 97.31% White , 0.56% African American , 0.17% Native American , 0.53% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.44% from other races , and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.14% of

3478-420: The city was 96.7% White , 0.9% African American , 0.2% Native American , 0.7% Asian , 0.3% from other races , and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population. There were 5,933 households, of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had

3552-428: The game to restaurants and hotels in northern Ohio. Her skill paid off the mortgage on her mother's farm when Annie was 15. There are a number of variations given for Oakley's family name, Mosey. Many biographers and other references give the name as "Moses". Although the 1860 U.S. Census shows the family name as "Mauzy", this is considered an error introduced by the census taker. Oakley's name appears as "Ann Mosey" in

3626-654: The hotel until 1879. The Baughman & Butler shooting act first appeared on the pages of The Cincinnati Enquirer in 1880. They signed with Sells Brothers Circus in 1881 and made an appearance at the Coliseum Opera House later that year. Oakley and Butler were married a year afterward. A certificate on file with the Archives of Ontario , Registration Number 49594, reports that Butler and Oakley were wed on June 20, 1882, in Windsor, Ontario . Many sources say

3700-590: The intent of collecting reputation-smearing gossip from Oakley's past. The investigator found nothing. Oakley spent much of the next six years winning all but one of her 55 libel lawsuits against newspapers. She collected less in judgments than the total of her legal expenses. In 1913, the Butlers built a brick bungalow style home in Cambridge, Maryland . It is known as the Annie Oakley House and

3774-474: The intertribal confederacy was shattered at the Battle of Tippecanoe . Tenskwatawa visited Greenville by request in 1826 as he accompanied the Shawnee during their removal by the U.S. Army. The Army abandoned Fort Greenville in 1796; it was partly burned later that year to retrieve nails used in its construction. Local settlers carried away some of its logs for building the new settlement of Dayton, Ohio , to

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3848-592: The marksmanship of the soldiers is ranked based on their skill: marksman-sharpshooter-expert. Holders of each level wear qualification badges below their ribbons with bars for the weapons they qualify in. In the United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard , full-sized medals are only issued at the expert level. Both services award separate medals for pistol and rifle proficiency. The United States Air Force gives just

3922-486: The marriage took place on August 23, 1876, in Cincinnati, but no recorded certificate validates that date. A possible reason for the contradictory dates is that Butler's divorce from his first wife, Henrietta Saunders, was not yet final in 1876. An 1880 U.S. Federal Census record shows Saunders as married. Sources mentioning Butler's first wife as Elizabeth are inaccurate; Elizabeth was his granddaughter, her father being Edward F. Butler. Throughout Oakley's show-business career,

3996-474: The military, marksmen are sometimes attached to an infantry fireteam or squad (where they are known as designated marksmen ) where they support the squad by providing accurate long-range shots at valuable targets as needed, thus extending the effective tactical reach of the fireteam or squad. In the Middle Ages , in the first use of the term 'marksman' was given to the royal archers , or bowmen , of

4070-767: The opportunity to prove themselves. A vast collection of Oakley's personal possessions, performance memorabilia, and firearms are on permanent exhibit in the Garst Museum and the National Annie Oakley Center in Greenville, Ohio. She has been inducted into the Trapshooting Hall of Fame, the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame in Fort Worth, Texas , the National Women's Hall of Fame , the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame , and

4144-438: The orchard and stop on a fence to get a hickory nut." Taking a rifle from the house, she fired at the squirrel, writing later that, "It was a wonderful shot, going right through the head from side to side". The Encyclopædia Britannica notes that: Oakley never failed to delight her audiences, and her feats of marksmanship were truly incredible. At 30 paces she could split a playing card held edge-on, she hit dimes tossed into

4218-414: The population. There were 5,649 households, out of which 27.3% had children living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23, and the average family size

4292-431: The public was often led to believe that she was five to six years younger than she was. The later marriage date would have better supported her fictional age. "Aim at the high mark and you will hit it. No, not the first time, not the second time and maybe not the third. But keep on aiming and keep on shooting for only practice will make you perfect. Finally you'll hit the bull's-eye of success." Annie Oakley exhibit at

4366-431: The show, except Buffalo Bill himself. She also performed in many shows on the side for extra income. During her lifetime, the theatre business began referring to complimentary tickets as "Annie Oakleys". Such tickets traditionally have holes punched into them (to prevent them from being resold), reminiscent of the playing cards Oakley shot through during her sharpshooting act. In Europe, she performed for Queen Victoria of

4440-569: The south. In the War of 1812, the Army refitted what remained of the fort; it was used as a supply depot and staging area. The earliest European-American settlers came in 1807; the city of Greenville was officially founded in August 1808. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 6.66 square miles (17.25 km ), of which 6.60 square miles (17.09 km ) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km )

4514-630: The spring of 1881 near Greenville, possibly in North Star as mentioned by Butler during interviews in 1903 and 1924. Other sources seem to coincide with the North Fairmount location near Cincinnati if the event occurred in 1881. The Bevis House hotel was still being operated by Martin Bevis and W. H. Ridenour in 1875. It opened around 1860 after the building was previously used as a pork packaging facility. Jack Frost did not obtain management of

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4588-525: The time she joined the show in 1886, which may have been a primary reason for Oakley to alter her age as six years younger in later years due to Smith's press coverage becoming as favorable as hers. Oakley temporarily left the Buffalo Bill show but returned two years later, after Smith departed, in time for the Paris Exposition of 1889 . This three-year tour only cemented Oakley as America's first female star. She earned more than any other performer in

4662-418: Was 2.85. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 31,791, and the median income for

4736-421: Was 3.781 kilometres (2.35 miles), on March 27, 2021 in Barnard, Kansas by an American competitive shooter. The bullet flew for 9.4 seconds and hit the upper-left corner of a six-foot square (36 square feet) steel target. The rifle used was a GA Precision Custom, with a Nightforce ATACR 7-35×56 scope, on a bipod. Ammunition was Hornady .338-caliber 300-grain A-Tip. Greenville, Ohio Greenville

4810-431: Was a child. They joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West in 1885. At five feet tall, Oakley was given the nickname of "Watanya Cicilla" by fellow performer Sitting Bull , rendered "Little Sure Shot" in the public advertisements. During her first engagement with the Buffalo Bill show, Oakley experienced a tense professional rivalry with rifle sharpshooter Lillian Smith . Smith was eleven years younger than Oakley, age 15 at

4884-468: Was a training ground and base of operations for the ~3000 soldiers of the Legion and Kentucky Militia before their August 1794 march northward to the Battle of Fallen Timbers . A year after the battle, the Treaty of Greenville was signed at the fort on August 3, 1795, with chiefs of the tribes that had confronted the U.S. This brought an end to the Indian wars in the area and opened the Northwest Territory for European-American settlement. In 1805 or 1806,

4958-530: Was admitted to the Darke County Infirmary along with her sister Sarah Ellen. According to her autobiography, she was put in the care of the infirmary's superintendent, Samuel Crawford Edington, and his wife Nancy, who taught her to sew and decorate. Beginning in the spring of 1870, she was "bound out" to a local family to help care for their infant son, on the false promise of fifty cents per week (equivalent to $ 12 in 2023) and an education. The couple had originally wanted someone who could pump water and cook and who

5032-414: Was bigger. She spent about two years in near slavery to them, enduring mental and physical abuse. One time, the wife put Annie out in the freezing cold without shoes, as a punishment because she had fallen asleep over some darning . Annie referred to them as "the wolves". Even in her autobiography, she never revealed the couple's real names. According to biographer Glenda Riley, "the wolves" could have been

5106-617: Was born Phoebe Ann (Annie) Mosey on August 13, 1860, in a log cabin less than two miles (3.2 km) northwest of Woodland, now Willowdell , in Darke County, Ohio , a rural county along the state line with Indiana. Her birthplace is about five miles (8 km) east of North Star . There is a stone-mounted plaque in the vicinity of the site, which was placed by the Annie Oakley Committee in 1981, 121 years after her birth. Annie's parents were Quakers of English descent from Hollidaysburg , Blair County, Pennsylvania : Susan Wise, born 1830, and Jacob Mosey, born 1799, married in 1848. They moved to

5180-401: Was filmed November 1, 1894, in Edison's Black Maria studio by William Heise. It lasted 21 seconds at 30 frames and 39 feet. It was the eleventh film made after commercial showings began on April 14, 1894. In 1904, sensational cocaine prohibition stories were selling well. Newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst published a false story that Oakley had been arrested for stealing to support

5254-399: Was founded in 1871 to improve the marksmanship of American riflemen. Despite it being known contemporarily as a political advocacy organization for gun rights, the NRA continues to host marksmanship competitions and gun sports in the United States. A different organization, USA Shooting , organizes American shooting sports at the Olympic level. The longest recorded shot in a shooting contest

5328-558: Was friends with Thomas Edison , and Edison built the world's largest electrical power plant at the time for the Wild West Show . Buffalo Bill and 15 of his show Indians appeared in two Kinetoscopes filmed September 24, 1894. In 1894, Oakley and Butler performed in Edison's Kinetoscope film Annie Oakley , also known as " Little Sure Shot" of the "Wild West ", an exhibition of rifle shooting at stationary and moving objects, which

5402-454: Was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. In 1917, they moved to North Carolina and returned to public life. After World War I broke out, Oakley reflected, "If I shot the kaiser, I might have saved the lives of several millions of soldiers. I didn't know then that he would swing the iron fist and shake the universe. Perhaps it was well for both of us that humans lack foresight." According to Butler, he sat down and wrote

5476-477: Was so impressed with Oakley's skills that he offered $ 65 (equal to $ 2,204 today) for a photograph of him and her together. According to Oakley, the admiration and respect was mutual and only increased as they spent more time together. Sitting Bull felt Oakley must be "gifted" by supernatural means, in order to shoot so accurately with both hands. As a result of his esteem, Sitting Bull symbolically "adopted" Oakley as his daughter in 1884, naming her "Little Sure Shot" –

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