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59-622: The attitude in Equatorial Guinea towards this language is positive. It is taught in special courses in the capital city of Malabo . Annobonese originated sometime during the 16th century as an offshoot of Forro Creol, while this stage of Annobonese is unattested remaining linguistic traces show this. The creole language was spoken originally by the descendants of intermixing between Portuguese men and African women slaves imported from other places, especially from São Tomé and Angola, and therefore descends from Portuguese and Forro,

118-457: A base for British ships hunting slave traders . Thus, on 25 December 1827, Port Clarence was founded on the ruins of a previous Portuguese settlement. The name was chosen in honor of the Duke of Clarence, who later became King William IV . The Bubis indigenous to the island called it Ripotó (place of the foreigners). The population of the capital was increased by the arrival of slaves freed by

177-563: A cultural space where they can unleash their creative freedom. It also has three geographical axes, in order to capture the largest number of people in the region and contribute to its development. Activities include the training , art, film, theater, music and games , with the two main festivals: Traveling Film Festival of Equatorial Guinea (FECIGE) and the International Festival of Hip Hop in Malabo. Another important center

236-530: A doubling of the city's population, but for the vast majority, very little of that wealth has been invested in development. Forro language Forro Creole ( forro ) or Sãotomense ( santomense ) is a Portuguese -based creole language spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe . It should not be confused with São Tomean Portuguese , the non-creolised form of Portuguese spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe by

295-743: A low tone, long vowels are always pronounced with a hight tone. Some features of the Creole: Fa d’Ambô follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order. Sentences that are ditransitive (they include a direct object pronoun as well as an indirect object pronoun) must place the indirect object before the direct object. An indirect object is not marked by a preposition in Fa d’Ambô. The table below displays one sentence translated across Fa d’Ambô, Portuguese, and English to further highlight this specific matter: The word-for-word English translation of Pay da mina dyielu would be "Father give child money." In Portuguese,

354-535: A treatment capacity of 200,000 tons/year. The main maritime links are with national destination to Bata and international to Spain and Douala in Cameroon. The Malabo International Airport serves the city. It is located 7 km from the centre in Punta Europa, Bioko . It serves long-distance direct flights to Europe and some African capitals as per the list below: From Malabo airport, one can fly to any of

413-400: A very long cloudy wet season that covers the remaining nine months from March to November. On average, the months hit hardest by the wet season are September and October, which receive 500 millimetres (20 in) of rain and showers between them. Daytime temperatures do not vary at all day to day, and vary only a few degrees throughout the entire year. At night, the average low temperature

472-489: A vowel are rare but do exist, exmaples being oyo meaning eye or abada meaning fruit. Vowels are usually pronounced as short vowels but can be pronounced a long vowels though this rarely changes the meaning of a lexeme . The majority of words in Annobonese are not dependent on tone but there are a few words that use tone to differentiate between different words. There are two tones use for this purpose and high tone and

531-521: A young male, na-nome (nanome) is used. In a sense, namay is female and miela is a woman. Nampay or nome is male. The plurality of a noun in Annobonese Creole usually goes unmarked (Ø) due to the fact that it can be implied from the context in which the noun fits within a sentence or clause. If the plurality cannot be directly implied and a type of plurality marker is necessary, there are a few ways in which to do so: Articles are only used in

590-440: Is 20 to 21 °C (68 to 70 °F) in every month of the year but January to April have a slightly higher diurnal range because it is clearer. Nonetheless, with only 1,020 hours of sunshine per year, Malabo is one of the cloudiest, wettest and most lightning-prone capitals of the world, and experiences much fog and haze even when it is not raining in the driest months. The mayor is María Coloma Edjang Mbengono who establishes

649-591: Is 77% with Principense Creole, 62% with Fa d’Ambu Creole and 70% with Angolar Creole. Although the São Tomean Creole had (and still has) a restricted contact with Portuguese (seen as a prestigious language), it did preserve a larger number of the substrate languages' elements, more than the creoles of Cape Verde. Roughly 93% of São Tomean Creole lexicon is from Portuguese and 7% of African origin. Most Forro Creole speakers also speak non-creolised Portuguese. Although 95% of São Tomeans speak Portuguese and it

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708-880: Is a creole language with a majority of its lexicon coming from Portuguese , the superstrate language. The substrate languages were from the Bantu and Kwa groups. It is similar to two other creoles spoken in the country ( Principense Creole and Angolar Creole ) as well as to the creole found in the island of Annobón, Equatorial Guinea ( Annobonese Creole ). Forro Creole is spoken mainly in São Tomé Island (most of it); there are some speakers in Principe Island . Due to their great similarity and historical derivation, Principe Island's Principense Creole and Equatorial Guinea 's Annobonese Creole may be regarded as dialects of Forro Creole. Forro's lexical similarity

767-615: Is a church in the Gothic Revival style, built between 1897 and 1916. Its architect was Luis Segarra Llairadó, paid by contributions from the government of Spain and the donations of the faithful. It has two spires 40 meters high. In January 2020 a fire due to an electrical failure caused the calcination of part of its structure, currently there is work ongoing for an early restoration in November 2021. Other points of interest are La Gaditana , known as Finca Amilivia prior to 1918,

826-521: Is a thriving language as it is the first language of nearly all of the Annobonese people. The language is used in all aspects of society but the language is never written. Practically all Annobonese are bilingual in other languages including Pidgin English, Spanish, Bubi and Fang . Dipthongs: Ej, Aj, Uj The syllable structure of Annobonese syllable structure is almost exclusively CV-CV-C(V) with that final vowel being omitted. Words that start with

885-421: Is male versus female, napay (male, man) or miela (female) may be added to the root word. For example: napay may be joined with mina (child) to form napay mina (boy, son). Actually the correct form would be "mina napay" (child male) and "mina namay" (child female). The same may be done with miela + mina = miela mina (girl, daughter). Again ("mina miela") - (young woman, an adolecense). In contrast, for

944-473: Is seeing significant expansion. Since the discovery of oil, numerous infrastructural developments have been made. The city of Malabo is a focal point for tourism in Equatorial Guinea , due to its direct connections with major tourist attractions on the island of Bioko . Nearby tourist attractions include the following: Malabo has a relatively young population. Approximately 45% of the population

1003-619: Is the Estadio Internacional . The Estadio Internacional has a 6,000 seat capacity. The Equatorial Guinea national football team played here until the Estadio de Malabo was opened. The 2012 Africa Cup of Nations was organized jointly by Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. One of the four venues for the tournament was the Estadio de Malabo , the main stadium of the country, constructed in 2007. In Malabo were disputed six matches of

1062-512: Is the capital of Equatorial Guinea and the province of Bioko Norte . It is located on the north coast of the island of Bioko ( Bube : Etulá , and as Fernando Pó by the Europeans). In 2018, the city had a population of approximately 297,000 inhabitants. Spanish is the official language of the city and of the country as well, but Pichinglis is used as a language of wider communication across Bioko island, including Malabo. Malabo

1121-555: Is the Hispano-Guinean Cultural Center, from 2012 Equatorial Guinean Cultural Center began as headquarters of Institute Cardinal Cisneros, and then archive, museum and library. It was built in the 1950s. The Museum of Modern Art Equatorial Guinea has traditional and contemporary art of the country and the continent. The city also hosts the National Library, built in 1916. The tourism sector

1180-412: Is the country's national language, Forro Creole is traditionally said to be spoken by 85% of the inhabitants of São Tomé Island , or 81.7% of the country's population. However, official census figures state that only 36.2% of the population can speak Forro Creole, and the creole is now considered threatened. Forro was and is largely an oral language; there is no standard orthography . Not everything

1239-447: Is the definite article "the", may signifies "woman", and banku serves as the color adjective "white." The indefinite article is used in the example in the section above regarding word order, where wan serves to mark an undefined xat (letter): No skéve wan xat (We write a letter). Combinations of articles with plurality markers (refer to plurality section above) are also common in the language. These combinations can aid to clarify

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1298-541: Is the hospital. West of the city, located about 9 km from the center of Malabo, is renewed Malabo International Airport . In the coastal region north of the city are the bays and capes . The elder is the punta de la Unidad Africana located just behind the Malabo Government Building and which occupies the entire eastern part of the Bay of Malabo. Another cape of importance is punta Europa located in

1357-533: Is the oldest city in Equatorial Guinea. Ciudad de la Paz is a planned community under construction in mainland Equatorial Guinea which was designed to replace Malabo as the capital. The institutions of governance of Equatorial Guinea began the process of locating to Ciudad de la Paz in February 2017. In 1472, in an attempt to find a new route to India , the Portuguese navigator Fernão do Pó , encountered

1416-405: Is under 15. Only about 4% of the population is more than 65 years old. Most of the population lives in rural areas of the island. Malabo is the commercial and financial center. Malabo's economy is based on the administration and other services. Trade is also one of the most prominent and important economic activities, especially since the arrival of US companies which exploit oil wells close to

1475-638: The Bantu and Kwa groups. It is believed that this pidgin then became fixed ( creolized ) as it became the mother language of children born from Portuguese men and African women slaves. Mixed marriages were then encouraged by the Portuguese Crown , for the sake of settlement. Later, because of Dutch and French pressure to gain the island, many Portuguese settlers left. Children of Portuguese and black women were, eventually, not considered African or slaves; some were considered full right Portuguese citizens. Those mixed-race people that did not have

1534-631: The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata . The area stretched from the Niger Delta to the mouth of Ogooué River — in current Gabon — and included, besides the islands of Fernando Pó and Annobón , the islets of Corisco and Elobeyes. Spain wasn't interested in these lands because already had vast colonies in other parts of the world, Spain lost interest in Spanish Guinea in 1827 and authorized

1593-533: The British to use the island as a base for suppressing the slave trade . In 1821, the Nelly approached the island of Fernando Pó . He found it abandoned and founded the establishments of Melville Bay (now Riaba ) and San Carlos (now Luba ). Some years later, another British captain, William Fitzwilliam Owen , decided to colonize the island and in the north of it — on the site of the present capital — erected

1652-470: The British. These freedmen were settled in Port Clarence before the establishment of Sierra Leone as a colony for freed slaves. The descendants of these freed slaves remained on the island. They joined other migrants who arrived as free workers from Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Benin, Nigeria and Cameroon, and became the population group called Creole or fernandinos , whose language

1711-595: The Cónsul River, beside the black beach and behind the Governor's Palace and barracks. Several people have been jailed there during the 35 years of dictatorship. Among those imprisoned and tortured are many political leaders such as Rafael Upiñalo (Movimiento), Fabián Nsue (UP), Felipe Ondo Obiang (FDR), Martín Puye of Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island (MAIB) or Plácido Micó Abogo of

1770-608: The Equatorial Guinea Basketball Federation and Club de Baloncesto Conejero from Spain. Malabo was originally to host the 2019 African Games but due to economic problems they decide to withdraw its hosting rights and was replaced by Casablanca , Morocco . Malabo has been significantly affected by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo 's growing co-operation with the petroleum industry . The country's production has reached 360,000 barrels per day (57,000 m /d) as of 2005 , an increase which led to

1829-491: The Social Democratic Convergence for Social Democracy (CPDS). A group of mercenaries were jailed at Black Beach for the 2004 coup d'état attempt against President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo . Malabo is situated in the north of the island of Bioko, at coordinates 3° 45' 7.43" North and 8° 46' 25.32" East. The south of Malabo is limited by the Cónsul River and just across the river, south-west,

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1888-565: The Spaniards. His uncle Sas Ebuera, head of the Bubi warriors, claimed to represent legitimate Bubi rule and continued resisting, confronting the Spanish openly in 1898. After the Spanish killed Sas Ebuera, Malabo became the king unopposed, but with no authority. Bubi clans and settlements were slow to accept Spanish sovereignty over the island, and the full conquest and pacification of the island

1947-462: The UK know its desire to regain control of the colony and thus the island. It took another decade to implement this direct control. The capital already had more dynamic and Protestant religious missions which were very successful. Both factors helped to change the attitude of Spain, in addition to internal reasons already alluded. Spain again took control of the island in 1855 and the capital, Port Clarence,

2006-625: The casa Teodolita, built in 1902 and one of the oldest homes in the city, the City Hall building in Malabo, the Church of Elá Nguema, Independence Square, Parque Nacional de Malabo, the Casa de España and the bay of the harbor. Public buses make the journey between downtown Malabo and the neighborhood of Ela Nguema. Taxis circulate in the city and outlying areas, and there is car hire from Avis and Europcar . The port of Malabo can theoretically reach

2065-641: The city is the Atlético Semu , once champion of Equatoguinean Cup . Another important club from the city is the Malabo Kings of basketball, which was champion of the country, and in 2013 was proclaimed champion Central Zone of Africa Basketball Championship, winning in Kinshasa at Talia from Gabon. The Malabo Kings had already finished second in 2011, Yaoundé (Cameroon). In 2013 held in Malabo on I Campus of Basketball Ciudad de Malabo organized by

2124-685: The city. International schools: Malabo has preserved buildings from the colonial era, such as the Presidential Palace and the Palace of Justice of Malabo. Other colonial buildings are also found downtown, although they are worn; for example the wooden 19th-century buildings on Nigeria and Rey Boncoro streets. Notable buildings include the Cathedral of Santa Isabel , of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Malabo . It

2183-511: The coast. This trade also comes from the presence of Americans, Mexicans, Nigerians, Cameroonians, Spanish and other Central Africans; The building that was originally built by the Banco Popular Español , but after independence became the seat of Banco de Guinea Ecuatorial. The main industry in the city is fishing , while cacao and coffee are the main products of export. Malabo has a high-tonnage port, connected mainly with

2242-533: The country, is the Estadio de Malabo , with a capacity of 15,250 spectators. The stadium is home to the Equatorial Guinea national football team and hosted matches during the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations . Notably, the Spain national football team , at the time World Champions, played a friendly at this stadium. The stadium also is home to the CD Elá Nguema , the main club of the country. Also located in Malabo

2301-533: The creole of the freed slaves of São Tomé. The government of Equatorial Guinea financed an Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa (IILP) sociolinguistic study in Annobón , which noticed strong links with the Portuguese creole populations in São Tomé and Príncipe, Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau. The language was first attested in an article called Negerportugiesische von Annobom. Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch (Negro Portuguese by Annobom. Meeting reports of

2360-713: The elimination of stagnant water . Through the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation for Development (AECID), are made several development projects at both regional and national level. Headquartered in the Technical Cooperation Office in Malabo (created in 1984), carried out actions for the development of the culture, health, education and institutional strengthening. Stressing the Cultural Center of Spain in Malabo (CCEM), founded in 2003, where young people are encouraged to feel

2419-499: The group stage (one match of Group A and five of group B), and one cross of quarterfinals The 16 November 2013, the Spain national football team played a friendly match against the Equatorial Guinea national football team . It was the first visit of a European team in the country, and the match was criticized by several organizations, including the president of the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional , Javier Tebas , due to

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2478-570: The island of Bioko, which he called Formosa . Later, the island was named after its discoverer, Fernando Pó. At the beginning of the 16th century, specifically in 1507, the Portuguese Ramos de Esquivel made a first attempt at colonization on the island of Fernando Pó. He established a factory in Concepción (now Riaba ) and developed plantations of sugarcane . With the treaties of San Ildefonso in 1777 and El Pardo in 1778, during

2537-448: The language when speakers feel they are necessary. When they are included, they are positioned directly before the noun. The definite article utilizes one form for both the singular and plural forms of nouns, na . The indefinite article can appear as either wan or an for nouns in the singular form and zuguan for the plural counterparts. Example: The Annobonese sentence Na may banku translates to English as "The white woman", where na

2596-584: The main language for children until their early 20s, when they relearn Forro Creole. The rich São Tomean culture also preserves a unique mixture of Portuguese and African cultures. European Portuguese is mostly spoken in formal situations, in the media, business, education, judicial system and legislature, while Forro and Sao Tomean Portuguese are preferred for informal situations as a vernacular language in day-to-day life and daily activities, and code switching even occurs between Forro, standard European Portuguese, and São Tomean Portuguese in informal speech. Forro

2655-517: The majority of São Toméans. São Tomé is an island of the Gulf of Guinea, discovered by the Portuguese in the 15th century. It was uninhabited at the time, but Portuguese settlers used the island as a center of the slave trade, and there was a need for slaves on the island. It has been theorised that since both parties needed to communicate, a pidgin was formed. The substrate languages were from

2714-417: The municipal services prescribed by law, which are the responsibility of the municipality. These include drinking water and others public sources, lighting , paving of roads, cemeteries, cleaning and sanitation , the sanitary waste treatment and waste, disinfecting , emergency first aid , health inspections and drinks, health inspection of poor housing , public banks, slaughterhouses , markets and

2773-415: The other airports in the country. These airports are located in the region of Annobón , Bata , Mongomoyen , and Corisco . Among the places of worship , they are predominantly Christian churches and temples ( Catholic : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Malabo , Protestant , Evangelical Christian : Assemblies of God ). Malabo Mosque was established in 2015. The main sports facility of Malabo, and

2832-459: The philosophical). Which was written by Hugo Schuchart in 1888. The Annobonese population was relatively isolated from the outside world, as their island was too small to a major trade center and wasn't near any major trade routes. After Annobón island was taken over by the Portuguese the language absorbed very little influence from Spanish . Though Spanish influence would gradually influence it as Annobón became further integrated. Today Annobonese

2891-463: The plurality of definite articles, seeing as they have no plural form on their own. Example: Na mina nensyi (These/those children). Nensyi serves as the plural demonstrative "these" or "those." Na mina, without the implementation of the plural demonstrative, could be interpreted as singular "the child" rather than plural "the children", assuming context is unknown. Annobonese is analogous to Forro . In fact, it may be derived from Forro as it shares

2950-667: The political situation of the country and the government of Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo . Some of the top clubs in the country, who have won several times the Equatoguinean Primera División are from the city of Malabo. The club with the most league titles is the CD Elá Nguema with 14. Other clubs from the city that have been proclaimed league champions are the Renacimiento FC , the Atlético Malabo or Cafe Bank Sportif . Another club of

3009-518: The ports of Douala , (Cameroon) and Bata , and an air link via an international airport. There are about 300 hotel beds in the city. The National University of Equatorial Guinea (UNGE) and the National Distance Education University (UNED), the latter Spanish-language, have headquarters in the city. The Colegio Nacional Enrique Nvó Okenve , another of the country's universities, has one of its two campuses in

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3068-446: The preposition a ' to ' precedes the indirect object a menina ' the child ' ( a + a contract into à ), forming the overall meaning "... to the child." Fa d’Ambô lacks the use of this type of prepositional marker before indirect objects. Nouns of Annobonese Creole are generally invariable, without employing grammatical gender or class. However, to express the specific gender of an animate noun to differentiate something that

3127-861: The reign of the Spanish King Charles III , the Portuguese gave to the Spanish the islands of Fernando Pó, Annobón , and the right to conduct trade in the mainland, an area of influence of approximately 800 000 km in Africa, in exchange for the Colonia del Sacramento in Río de la Plata and the Santa Catarina Island off the Brazilian coast (occupied by the Spaniards) during a recent war trying to stop Portuguese expansion in

3186-472: The same structure and 82% of its lexicon. After Annobón passed to Spain , the language incorporated some words of Spanish origin (10% of its lexicon),, but it is often difficult to say from which language a word derives, given the similarity between Spanish and Portuguese. Malabo Malabo ( / m ə ˈ l ɑː b oʊ / mə- LAH -boh , Spanish: [maˈlaβo] ; formerly Santa Isabel [ˈsantajsaˈβel] )

3245-399: The status of Portuguese citizens, those with darker skin, often gained a "forro" designation, because their Portuguese fathers did not want to enslave their children. The São Tomean Creole is mostly known as "Forro", the language of the freed slaves or Crioulo Santomense, not to be confused with São Tomean Portuguese (a variety and dialect of Portuguese in São Tomé and Príncipe). Portuguese is

3304-406: The west of the city near to the airport. Malabo features a tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen Am ). Malabo receives on average 1,850 millimetres or 73 inches of rain per year. The city has a pronounced, albeit short, sunnier (but still cloudy) dry season from December through February. January is normally its driest month with 29 millimetres or 1.14 inches of rain falling on average. It also has

3363-590: Was Pichinglis , a Bantu-English Creole with some Spanish elements. During the British period, the British consul automatically became the governor of the colony, including Governor John Beecroft , a British mulatto who modernized the capital, and whose work was later recognized by Spain with a monument in Punta Fernanda. In 1844, when Queen Isabella II of Spain ruled after the regency of her mother Maria Cristina and Baldomero Espartero , in an attempt to modernize Spain and rescue its heritage, Spain let

3422-405: Was not achieved until 1912. During the so-called Reign of Terror of Macías Nguema, the dictator suppressed much of the intelligentsia of the country, initiating the process of taking over the positions of the public administration by part of the natives of Mongomo and clan Esangui. The infamous Black Beach prison, also known as Blay Beach prison (or Playa Negra prison), sits at the mouth of

3481-436: Was renamed Santa Isabel , in honor of Queen Isabella II . The capital of the island of Fernando Pó became the capital of Equatorial Guinea. Its present name was given to the town in 1973 as part of the campaign of President Francisco Macías Nguema to replace place names of European origin with African names, in this case honoring Malabo Löpèlo Mëlaka , the last Bubi king. Malabo, the son of King Moka , surrendered to

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