Misplaced Pages

#932067

51-565: Annobón is the only island of the country located in the Southern Hemisphere of the Atlantic Ocean . The provincial capital is San Antonio de Palé on the north side of the island; the other town is Mabana, formerly known as San Pedro. The roadstead is relatively safe, and some passing vessels take advantage of it in order to obtain water and fresh provisions, of which Annobón has offered an abundant supply. However, there

102-589: A Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.946, the tenth-highest in the world as of the 2024 report. New Zealand is also well developed, with a nominal GDP per capita of US$ 48,072 and an HDI of 0.939, putting it at number 16 in the world in 2024. The least developed nations in the Southern Hemisphere cluster in Africa and Oceania, with Mozambique and Burundi at the lowest ends of the HDI, at 0.461 (number 183 in

153-596: A central feature of local lifestyle. Just like the equatorial Guinea region in general, Annobón has a majority of people who adhere to Christianity, especially Roman Catholics who are strongly influenced by the Portuguese faith. The island had an estimated population of 3000 through most of the 19th century. Annobón is of strategic importance to Equatorial Guinea as through its ownership the Equatorial Guinean government claims extensive maritime territory to

204-717: A distinct identity and socio-economic powers. This period also saw the emergence of the Annobonese Creole language. The island was passed to Spain by the 1778 Treaty of El Pardo . The treaty granted Spain control of the Portuguese islands of Annobón and Fernando Po (now Bioko ) and the Guinea coast between the Niger and the Ogooué in exchange for Spanish acceptance of the Portuguese occupation of territories in Brazil west of

255-504: A number of small rocky islets surround it, including Santarém to the south. Its central crater lake is named Lago A Pot and its highest peak is Quioveo , which rises 598 meters (1,962 ft). The island is characterized by a succession of lush valleys and steep mountains, covered with rich woods and luxuriant vegetation. Annobón is often described as being "in the Gulf of Guinea ", like the neighboring islands of São Tomé and Príncipe , but

306-481: A profile of the young Alfonso XIII of Spain , and consisted of 18 values, from ¼ centimos to 10 pesetas . In 1905, the values of 1c to 10 ptas were reprinted, although with the same date. The 1906 issue was made by means of ratings stamped on the previous series. The 1907 series consisted of 16 values between 1c and 10 ptas, updated to a profile of an older Alfonso. Several of these values were surcharged between 1908 and 1910. A total of 72 issues are identified in

357-411: A tradition of throwing witches to the sea. A state of anarchy ensued, leading to an arrangement by which the island was administered by a body of five natives, each of whom held the office of governor during the period that elapsed until ten ships landed at the island. This autonomous government continued, with the island claimed by both Spain and Portugal, until the authority of Spain was re-established in

408-503: Is a Portuguese creole known as Annobonese , Fa d'Ambu , or Falar de Ano Bom (Portuguese for Annobón speech ). The Portuguese creole has vigorous use in Annobón. It is common in all domains except government and education where Spanish is used. Spanish is not much spoken in Annobón. Non-creolized Portuguese is used as a liturgical language by local Catholics. In February 2012, Equatorial Guinea's foreign minister signed an agreement with

459-483: Is mostly concentrated on/around the islands of Bali , Mauritius , and Fiji . The oldest continuously inhabited city in the Southern Hemisphere is Bogor , in western Java , which was founded in 669 . Ancient texts from the Hindu kingdoms prevalent in the area definitively record 669 CE as the year when Bogor was founded. However, some evidence shows that Zanzibar , an ancient port with around 200,000 inhabitants off

510-648: Is native to Australia but is now also planted in Southern Africa and Latin America for pulp production, and increasingly, biofuel uses. One of the most notable animals to be found almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere is the penguin . A species is found around Isabela Island on the Galápagos archipelago in the Pacific Ocean , which straddles the equator. However, most of Isabela and

561-503: Is no regular shipping service to the rest of Equatorial Guinea, and ships call as infrequently as every few months. Annobón derives its name from Portuguese ano bom ' good year ' . The island was named for the date of its discovery by the Portuguese on New Year's Day in 1473. The province was formerly known as Anno Bom or Annabona . During the final years of the Francisco Macías Nguema administration,

SECTION 10

#1732766256933

612-524: Is the São Tomé Island or Malherbi pigeon ( Columba malherbii ). There are 29 species of bird on the island as well as 2 bat species (1 endemic); reptiles (5 species endemics): 1 snake, 3 geckos, 2 scincid lizards, 3 marine turtles; river fish: 18 species (1 endemic); mosquitoes, scorpions, and huge centipedes. Introduced domestic animals include fish, guinea fowl, rats, dogs, and cats. The island has no indigenous mammalian predators. Sharks are found in

663-590: Is the half ( hemisphere ) of Earth that is south of the Equator . It contains all or parts of five continents (the whole of Antarctica , the whole of Australia , about 90% of South America , about one-third of Africa , and some islands off the continental mainland of Asia ) and four oceans (the whole Southern Ocean , the majority of the Indian Ocean , the South Atlantic Ocean , and

714-756: Is the vernal equinox and March 20 or 21 is the autumnal equinox. The South Pole is in the centre of the southern hemispherical region. Southern Hemisphere climates tend to be slightly milder than those at similar latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere , except in the Antarctic which is colder than the Arctic . This is because the Southern Hemisphere has significantly more ocean and much less land; water heats up and cools down more slowly than land. The differences are also attributed to oceanic heat transfer and differing extents of greenhouse trapping. In

765-559: The 1778 Treaty of El Pardo , in exchange for some territories to the south of Brazil . In 1959 Annobón was unified with the island and province of Fernando Poo  [ es ; ca ; ast ] , while Elobey and Corisco became part of the Spanish continental Guinea called Río Muni , to form the Spanish Guinea . The known by philatelists for having issued its own postage stamps between 1903 and 1910. The first issue depicted

816-771: The Age of Discovery , the Southern Hemisphere was largely cut off from the cultural constructs of the Western and Eastern worlds . Some view both the West and the East as being Northern Hemisphere-centric concepts. The most widespread religions in the modern Southern Hemisphere are Christianity , prevalent in South America, Africa, Oceania, and East Timor , followed by Islam in East Africa and Indonesia , and Hinduism , which

867-843: The Corisco Bay  [ es ] near the mouth of the Mitémélé River in the Muni Estuary . It was established as a protectorate in 1843. Its total area was under 36 km , and the estimated population in 1910 was 2,950 people. It depended on the governor-general based in Santa Isabel , who had lieutenant governors in Annobón and Elobey Chico. All of Spain 's colonial possessions in Guinea were administratively unified in 1926 to form Spanish Guinea , which later became independent in 1968 as Equatorial Guinea . Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, and Corisco are now part of

918-693: The Litoral Province within Río Muni on the mainland, while Annobón constitutes a province in its own right within the Insular Region . Annobón was discovered by the Portuguese on 1 January 1472 - hence the name, Ano Bom ( lit.  "Good Year"), from New Year's Day ( Portuguese : Dia do Ano Bom ). The Spanish domination in the islands dates back to 1777. Annobón was ceded to Spain together with Fernando Po through

969-481: The Norte Chico civilization and Casma–Sechin culture from the northern coast of Peru. These civilizations built cities, pyramids, and plazas in the coastal river valleys of northern Peru with some ruins dating back to 3600 BCE . Easter Island , located about 3,500 kilometres from Chile and French Polynesia , is considered to be the most remote place on Earth to have been permanently inhabited by humans before

1020-668: The South Pacific Ocean ), as well as New Zealand and most of the Pacific Islands in Oceania . Its surface is 80.9% water, compared with 60.7% water in the Northern Hemisphere , and it contains 32.7% of Earth's land. Owing to the tilt of Earth's rotation relative to the Sun and the ecliptic plane , summer is from December to February (inclusive) and winter is from June to August (inclusive). September 22 or 23

1071-526: The Yvert catalogue . Subsequently, the island used the stamps of Spanish Guinea . The American author William Styron wrote a short vignette entitled Elobey, Annobón, and Corisco , about his time as a young Marine officer during World War II. His childhood memories of stamp collecting (including stamps from the Guinean islands) are a welcome distraction from the dread and fear he feels when he thinks of

SECTION 20

#1732766256933

1122-783: The Age of Discovery. It was settled by a Polynesian group known as the Rapa Nui . Areas of the Southern Hemisphere that had no contact with humans before the Age of Discovery include Christmas Island and Mauritius (in the Indian Ocean ), the Galápagos Islands , Juan Fernández Islands and Lord Howe Island (in the South Pacific), the Falkland Islands and Tristan da Cunha (in the South Atlantic ) and

1173-515: The Gabonese coast was uninhabited and had great biological diversity. With colonization, islanders used rafts or "cayucos" (canoe-like boats), and hunted humpback whales , whale calves, and other cetaceans with harpoons near to the island. Today the Annobón white-eye ( Zosterops griseovirescens ) and the Annobón paradise flycatcher ( Terpsiphone smithii ) are endemic passeri (songbirds), as

1224-704: The IILP ( Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa ) on the promotion of Portuguese in Equatorial Guinea. The adoption of Portuguese followed the announcement on 13 July 2007 by the President of Equatorial Guinea and a 2010 Constitutional Law which established Portuguese as an official language of the Republic. The island's inhabitants are of mixed Portuguese and Angolan descent, with some Spanish admixture. The early anti-Spanish sentiment, combined with

1275-642: The Moon moves from right to left during solar eclipses. The Coriolis effect causes cyclones and tropical storms to spin clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere, as opposed to anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. The southern temperate zone , a subsection of the Southern Hemisphere, is nearly all oceanic. The Sagittarius constellation that includes the galactic centre is a southern constellation as well as both Magellanic Clouds . This, combined with clearer skies, makes for excellent viewing of

1326-424: The Portuguese from 1474, primarily by Africans from Angola via São Tomé Island . These slaves (who the Portuguese called escravos de regate ) are considered the first members of Annobonese society. Beginning in the early sixteenth century, many of these slaves who were now marrying Europeans gave birth to the next generations of Annobonese who were called forros (slaves about to be free). Forros began to develop

1377-408: The Southern Hemisphere include Bali , Buenos Aires , Cape Town , Easter Island , Lima , Rio de Janeiro , Sydney and Tahiti . According to a 2017 report, the most popular Southern Hemisphere " bucket list " destinations among Australians were Antarctica , New Zealand , the Galápagos Islands , South Africa and Peru . Quito, Ecuador is the closest major city to the equatorial line on

1428-792: The Southern Hemisphere include São Paulo , where the B3 (stock exchange) is headquartered, along with Sydney, home to the Australian Securities Exchange , Jakarta, the seat of the Indonesia Stock Exchange , Johannesburg , home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange , and Buenos Aires, headquarters of the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange , the oldest stock market in the Southern Hemisphere. Common tourist destinations in

1479-521: The Southern Hemisphere, the Sun passes from east to west through the north, although north of the Tropic of Capricorn the mean Sun can be directly overhead or due south at midday. The Sun follows a right-to-left trajectory through the northern sky unlike the left-to-right motion of the Sun when seen from the Northern Hemisphere as it passes through the southern sky. Sun-cast shadows turn anticlockwise throughout

1530-524: The coast of Tanzania , may be older than Bogor. A Greco-Roman text written between 1 and 100 CE , the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea , mentioned the island of Menuthias ( Ancient Greek : Μενουθιάς) as a trading port on the east African coast, which is probably the small Tanzanian island of Unguja on which Zanzibar is located. The oldest monumental civilizations in the Southern Hemisphere are

1581-448: The continent of Antarctica . Entirely — Partly — Entirely — Partly — Entirely — Mostly — Partly — Entirely — Elobey, Annob%C3%B3n and Corisco Elobey, Annobón, and Corisco was a colonial administration of Spanish Africa consisting of the island of Annobón , located southwest of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea , and the small islands of Elobey Grande , Elobey Chico , and Corisco , located in

Annobón - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-534: The day and sundials have the hours increasing in the anticlockwise direction. During solar eclipses viewed from a point to the south of the Tropic of Capricorn, the Moon moves from left to right on the disc of the Sun (see, for example, photos with timings of the solar eclipse of November 13, 2012 ), while viewed from a point to the north of the Tropic of Cancer (i.e., in the Northern Hemisphere),

1683-514: The first president of Equatorial Guinea , the island was called Pigalu or Pagalu. The population felt prejudice against them in Equatorial Guinea and some began advocating separatist movements. In 1993, the central government isolated the island, expelling foreigners including humanitarian organizations. The population rebelled and attacked the governor's residence. The government replied with two extrajudicial executions. International pressure eased hostilities, and political prisoners were released. It

1734-562: The formal boundary line for the Gulf of Guinea established by the International Hydrographic Organization actually runs north of it. The island was discovered by the Portuguese on January 1, 1473; it obtained its name from that date ("New Year"). However, Spanish explorer Diego Ramirez de la Diaz first spotted the island in 1470 and named it San Antonio. It was apparently uninhabited until colonized under

1785-415: The hand of São Tomé and Príncipe. It kept lobbying to become a full member, contrary to international pressure that wanted to isolate the country due to human rights violations, becoming a full member in 2014 with the very active support of Portuguese-speaking Africa, with the Portuguese language being restored as an official language. Originally, this small equatorial island 335 kilometres (208 mi) from

1836-550: The island was called Pigalu or Pagalu , from the Portuguese papagaio ' parrot ' . Annobón is an extinct volcano , part of the Cameroon line , about 220 miles (350 km) west of Cape Lopez in Gabon and 110 miles (180 km) southwest of São Tomé Island . The main island measures about 4 miles (6.4 km) long by 2 miles (3.2 km) wide, with an area of about 6 + 3 ⁄ 4 square miles (17 km), but

1887-466: The isolation from mainland Equatorial Guinea and the proximity of São Tomé and Príncipe —which is just 175 kilometers (109 mi) from the island—has helped preserve the island's cultural ties with Portugal. Its culture is very similar to that of São Tomé and the Afro-Portuguese peoples throughout Africa. The population is Catholic, although with some form of syncretism, and religiosity remains

1938-516: The largest country by land area in the Southern Hemisphere, while more than 150 million live in Java , the most populous island in the world. The most populous country in the Southern Hemisphere is Indonesia , with 275 million people (roughly 30 million of whom live north of the Equator on the northern portions of the islands of Sumatra , Borneo , and Sulawesi , as well as most of North Maluku , while

1989-569: The latter part of the 19th century. The island briefly became part of the Elobey, Annobón and Corisco colony until 1909. The British erected a fort at "St Antony" in 1801, eventually legalized through a lease from the Spanish government in 1827. The base was used by the British to suppress the Atlantic slave trade . During the final years of the administration of Francisco Macías Nguema ,

2040-610: The line established by the Treaty of Tordesillas . The Spanish colony thus formed would eventually be known as Spanish Guinea . The island's populace was opposed to the arrangement and hostile toward the Spaniards. After the handover and when the Spanish flag was hoisted to affirm Spanish sovereignty, the islanders revolted against the newcomers, in part because they were considered heretical for placing dogs on their flag (the actual design represents lions). They expelled them according to

2091-401: The night sky from the Southern Hemisphere with brighter and more numerous stars. Forests in the Southern Hemisphere have special features which set them apart from those in the Northern Hemisphere. Both Chile and Australia share, for example, unique beech species or Nothofagus , and New Zealand has members of the closely related genera Lophozonia and Fuscospora . The eucalyptus

Annobón - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-481: The planet, and Ushuaia, Argentina claims the title of world's southernmost city. Cape Town, Christchurch , Hobart , Punta Arenas and Ushuaia are officially acknowledged as the five international Antarctic gateway cities that serve as primary entry points for travel to the Antarctic region. Among the most developed nations in the Southern Hemisphere is Australia, with a nominal GDP per capita of US$ 63,487 and

2193-962: The population of Annobón lives in extreme poverty. The report also showed evidence that the whole island's ecosystem is about to collapse due to the massive waste dumping. There is a local political movement which made a unilateral declaration of independence as the Republic of Annobón from Equatorial Guinea in 2022. They are an UNPO member. 15th century 16th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 16th century 17th century 15th century 16th century Portuguese India 17th century Portuguese India 18th century Portuguese India 16th century 17th century 19th century Portuguese Macau 20th century Portuguese Macau 15th century [Atlantic islands] 16th century [Canada] 16th century Southern Hemisphere The Southern Hemisphere

2244-471: The remote island of Annobón, at least during the 1980s and 1990s. The German edition of Der Spiegel on 28 August 2006 reported that the government of Equatorial Guinea sold permits to UK and US companies to bury 10 million metric tons of toxic waste and 7 million metric tons of radioactive waste on the island of Annobón. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo , president of Equatorial Guinea, supposedly receives 200 million US dollars per year for renewed permits, while

2295-546: The rest of the archipelago is located in the Southern Hemisphere, and it is deemed by the International Hydrographic Organization as being wholly within the South Pacific Ocean, rather than the North Pacific. More than 850 million people live in the Southern Hemisphere, representing around 10–12% of the total global human population. Of those 850 million people, more than 203 million live in Brazil ,

2346-1057: The rest of the population lives in the Southern Hemisphere). Portuguese is the most spoken language in the Southern Hemisphere, with over 230 million speakers in six countries – mostly in Brazil, but also in Angola , Mozambique , East Timor , and small parts of Equatorial Guinea and São Tomé and Príncipe that lie south of the Equator . Among the largest metropolitan areas in the Southern Hemisphere are Jakarta (34 million people), São Paulo (22 million), Kinshasa-Brazzaville (19 million), Buenos Aires (16 million), Rio de Janeiro (12 million), Johannesburg , Lima (11 million each), Surabaya (10 million), Bandung (9 million), Luanda (8 million), Dar es Salaam , Santiago (7 million each), Belo Horizonte , Semarang (6 million each), Sydney , Melbourne and Cape Town (5 million each). Important financial and commercial centres in

2397-409: The right to explore for and produce hydrocarbons in a huge area of sea surrounding Annobón that stretches from 1°N to almost 5°S, and from 2°E to 7°E, an area larger than the entire land and sea borders of the rest of Equatorial Guinea. Annobón Airport was opened at the northern tip of the island in 2013. According to many different sources, there is evidence of large-scale dumping of toxic waste on

2448-540: The south of its neighbour, São Tomé and Príncipe (which itself lies to the south of Equatorial Guinea's main land mass). Oil in the Gulf of Guinea represents more than 80% of Equatorial Guinea's economy, though supplies from current reserves were predicted by some sources to run out before 2020. Although no drilling is currently taking place in São Tomé, there are estimated to be 34 billion barrels (5.4 × 10 m) of oil within its marine borders. Equatorial Guinea claims

2499-422: The surrounding sea. There are 208 species of vascular plant (of which 15% are endemic) including the "point up" baobab , ceiba (used for cayuco construction), ficus , ferns and tree ferns, and great moss masses. The capital of the province is San Antonio de Palé (formerly St Antony). The island has three community councils ( Consejos de Poblados ): Anganchi, Aual, and Mabana . The island's main language

2550-529: The world) and 0.420 (number 187 in the world), respectively. The nominal GDPs per capita of these two countries do not go above US$ 650, a tiny fraction of the incomes enjoyed by Australians and New Zealanders. The Southern Hemisphere has long been secondary in the global distribution of demographic, economic and political power, as it has less land than the Northern Hemisphere. In recent times, however, countries such as Australia have made greater efforts to economically engage with those from their hemisphere. Before

2601-467: Was mostly due to this small island that Equatorial Guinea asked for observer status just after the Community of Portuguese Language Countries was formed in 1996, which led to a visit to Equatorial Guinea, in 1998, by the Portuguese foreign minister, Jaime Gama . Its historic, ethnographic, and religious identity is reflected in its provincial flag. In 2006, Equatorial Guinea achieved observer status with

SECTION 50

#1732766256933
#932067