17-543: Anoa , also known as dwarf buffalo and sapiutan , are two species of the genus Bubalus , placed within the subgenus Anoa and endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia : the mountain anoa ( Bubalus quarlesi ) and the lowland anoa ( Bubalus depressicornis ). Both live in undisturbed rainforests and are similar in appearance to miniature water buffaloes , weighing 150–300 kg (330–660 lb). Both species of anoa have been classified as endangered since
34-456: A subgenus Anoa within Bubalus . Smith described Bubalus as low in proportion to the bulk with very solid limbs, a small dewlap and a long, slender tail; the head is large with a strong convex-shaped narrow forehead, large eyes and funnel-shaped ears; horns are lying flat or bending laterally with a certain direction to the rear; the female udder has four mammae . Lydekker added that
51-463: Is found in the forests. The lowland anoa was said to spend its time in the lower elevation areas and is also found in forests. Since 2005, however, these differences do not seem to be accurate, both species occur in the same areas in the same habitats. The anoa have many physical characteristics of bovine relatives and are considered to be most closely related to the water buffalo, which was confirmed through DNA analysis. The physical characteristics of
68-479: Is hunting by local villagers for meat, with habitat loss also being significant. One benefit of the lack of knowledge about the legal status of what they are doing is that villagers are open to communication with researchers on their harvests and hunting practices; where awareness of conservation issues has penetrated, villagers will lie about their activities. Logging is a large issue because both species prefer core forested habitats that are far away from humans and
85-402: The 1960s and the populations continue to decrease. Fewer than 5,000 animals of each species likely remain. Reasons for their decline include poaching for hides , horns , and meat by the local peoples and loss of habitat due to the advancement of settlement. Currently, poaching is the more serious factor in most areas. Anoa are most closely allied to the larger Asian buffaloes , showing
102-710: The Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture , vol. 34, no. 3, 2009, doi:10.14710/jitaa.34.3.223-228. Bubalus Bubalus arnee Bubalus bubalis Bubalus depressicornis Bubalus mindorensis Bubalus quarlesi Bubalus is a genus of Asiatic bovines that was proposed by Charles Hamilton Smith in 1827. Bubalus and Syncerus form the subtribe Bubalina , the true buffaloes. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and classification of domestic animals as species , subspecies , races or breeds has been discussed controversially for many years and
119-405: The anoa is an extremely thick hide underneath the thick fur. Both anoa species are endemic to the island of Sulawesi and are currently experiencing large declines in their populations. Knowledge of their decline has only recently been documented, however, and the villages and villagers lack the knowledge of how to help maintain or increase populations. The leading cause of their population decline
136-417: The cows are about to give birth. Little is known about their life history as well. However, in captive individuals, they have a life expectancy of 20–30 years. The anoa take two to three years before they reach sexual maturity have one calf a year and have very rarely been seen to have more. Skulls of anoa cannot be accurately identified as to species, and there is likely hybridizing and interbreeding between
153-490: The cows are very small. The nearest allies of the anoa appear to be certain extinct Asian buffaloes, the remains of which have been found in the Siwalik Hills of northern India. Imagery of anoas may be present in the oldest rock art known as of 2024. Both are found on the island of Sulawesi and the nearby island of Buton in Indonesia . They live singly or in pairs, rather than in herds like most cattle, except when
170-489: The genus Bubalus : Bubalus arnee is not listed here. The Integrated Taxonomic Information System lists the same five species binomina as valid; it also lists as valid six subspecies of Bubalus bubalis : The following extinct fossil species have been described: Habitat loss Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include
187-785: The influences that come with them. By logging, humans create much more fragmented habitats and, therefore, a decrease in the area where the anoa can breed and live. This habitat fragmentation also alters the natural mixing of populations of the anoa. This may lead to a loss in genetic diversity between the two species and, over time, could also lead to their decline. [REDACTED] Media related to Anoa at Wikimedia Commons DIET COMPOSITION OF ANOA ( Bubalus sp.) STUDIED USING DIRECT OBSERVATION AND DUNG ANALYSIS METHOD IN THEIR HABITAT from https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jitaa/article/view/7608/6259 Pujaningsih, R.i., et al. “DIET COMPOSITION OF ANOA ( Bubalus sp.) STUDIED USING DIRECT OBSERVATION AND DUNG ANALYSIS METHOD IN THEIR HABITAT.” Journal of
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#1732783135021204-488: The line of back is nearly straight with 13 pairs of ribs; the tail is tufted and reaching about to the hocks; the horns are more or less markedly triangular for the greater part of their length and situated low down on the skull; the muzzle is broad, and the hair sparse in adults. This genus comprises the following living species: The 2013 checklist of the Catalogue of Life lists as "accepted" five species binomina in
221-547: The lowland anoa ( Bubalus depressicornis ) and the mountain anoa ( Bubalus quarlesi ) are endemic to the islands of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Both species appear to occur in the same areas. Sulawesi is a unique area because roughly 61% of the species found there are endemic species, including both anoa species. Traditionally, a key difference between the two species is the altitude at which they occur. The mountain anoa can be found at higher elevations than its lowland counterpart and
238-418: The same reversal of the direction of the hair on their backs. The horns are peculiar for their upright direction and comparative straightness, although they have the same triangular section as in other buffaloes. White spots are sometimes present below the eyes and there may be white markings on the legs and back; the absence or presence of these white markings may be indicative of distinct races . The horns of
255-410: The two in the zoo population. It is questioned as to whether the two species were different due to them occurring together in many different areas, as well as some interbreeding. A study of the mtDNA of ten specimens from different localities found a high mitochondrial genetic diversity between individuals identified as one or the other species, indicating support for recognition as two species. Both
272-532: The two species are similar. The anoa is the smallest of the wild cattle species. When anoa are born, they have a set of thick, woolly fur that comes in many color variations ranging from yellow to brown. In adults, the fur is typically brown or black, and males tend to have darker variations. Hair thickness varies slightly between the two species based on elevation and distribution. In both species of anoa, horns are present in both males and females and are typically straight protuberances. Another defining characteristic of
289-474: Was inconsistent between authors. Assessors of the Food and Agriculture Organization consider domestic water buffalo populations as breeds. Bubalus species comprise the domestic water buffalo ( B. bubalis ), the wild water buffalo ( B. arnee ), the tamaraw ( B. mindorensis) , the lowland anoa ( B. depressicornis ), and the mountain anoa ( B. quarlesi ). The latter two anoa species were proposed to form
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