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54-527: (Redirected from Anomalies ) Not to be confused with Abnormality (behavior) . [REDACTED] Look up anomaly  or anomalous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Anomaly may refer to: Science [ edit ] Natural [ edit ] Anomaly (natural sciences) Atmospheric anomaly Geophysical anomaly Medical [ edit ] Congenital anomaly (birth defect),

108-589: A 2003 novel by Joey Goebel Anomaly (series) , a 2013 trilogy by Krista McGee Anomaly (graphic novel) , by Brian Haberlin The Anomaly (novel) , by French author Hervé Le Tellier Music [ edit ] Albums [ edit ] Anomaly (Ace Frehley album) (2009) Anomalies (album) (2005), by Cephalic Carnage Anomaly (The Hiatus album) (2010) Anomaly (Lecrae album) (2014) Anomalies, Vol. 1 (2010), by Cave In Songs [ edit ] " Anna Molly " (a word play on

162-505: A cause of "significant distress". A mental disorder describes a patient who has a medical condition whereby the medical practitioner makes a judgment that the patient is exhibiting abnormal behavior based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Thus, simply because a behavior is unusual it does not make it abnormal; it is only considered abnormal if it meets these criteria. The DSM-5

216-718: A chiral current Gauge anomaly , the effect of quantum mechanics that invalidates the gauge symmetry of a quantum field theory Global anomaly , in quantum physics Gravitational anomaly , an effect in quantum mechanics that invalidates the general covariance of some theories of general relativity Konishi anomaly , the violation of the conservation of the Noether current associated with certain transformations Mixed anomaly , an effect in quantum mechanics Parity anomaly , associated with parity Astronomy [ edit ] In astronomy, an anomaly of an elliptical orbit, generally measured with respect to an apsis , usually

270-561: A disorder present at birth Physical anomaly , a deformation of an anatomical structure Congenital vertebral anomaly , any of several malformations of the spine Collie eye anomaly , eye disease of dogs Coronary artery anomaly , a congenital abnormality in the heart Ebstein's anomaly , a congenital heart defect Uhl anomaly , a congenital heart disease affecting the myocardial muscle Vaginal anomalies Biology [ edit ] See also: List of congenital disorders and List of genetic disorders Anomalous ,

324-590: A generic two-body model ) of the actual minimum distance to the Sun using the full dynamical model . Precise predictions of perihelion passage require numerical integration . The two images below show the orbits, orbital nodes , and positions of perihelion (q) and aphelion (Q) for the planets of the Solar System as seen from above the northern pole of Earth's ecliptic plane , which is coplanar with Earth's orbital plane . The planets travel counterclockwise around

378-648: A rift in the space-time continuum in the television series Futurama Anomaly, any shortcut to hyperspace travel in Robert Heinlein's novels of the 1950s, today called wormholes "Anomaly" ( Star Trek: Enterprise ) , a 2003 episode of Star Trek: Enterprise The Anomaly , a 2014 film Anomaly (comics) , a villain in DC Comics Anomaly (Primeval) , a time portal in the TV series Primeval Spatial anomaly , an extraordinary disruption in

432-516: A species of moth in the Noctuid family Chromosome anomaly , a disorder caused by a structural error in a chromosome or an atypical number of chromosomes Genetic anomaly , a disorder caused by mutation Teratology , the study of developmental anomalies Physics [ edit ] Anomalous diffusion , the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration Anomalous dispersion (optics), when

486-525: A story published in 1998, thus appearing before perinigricon and aponigricon (from Latin) in the scientific literature in 2002. The suffixes shown below may be added to prefixes peri- or apo- to form unique names of apsides for the orbiting bodies of the indicated host/ (primary) system. However, only for the Earth, Moon and Sun systems are the unique suffixes commonly used. Exoplanet studies commonly use -astron , but typically, for other host systems

540-468: Is -gee , so the apsides' names are apogee and perigee . For the Sun, the suffix is -helion , so the names are aphelion and perihelion . According to Newton's laws of motion , all periodic orbits are ellipses. The barycenter of the two bodies may lie well within the bigger body—e.g., the Earth–Moon barycenter is about 75% of the way from Earth's center to its surface. If, compared to the larger mass,

594-435: Is 236 years early, less accurately shows Eris coming to perihelion in 2260. 4 Vesta came to perihelion on 26 December 2021, but using a two-body solution at an epoch of July 2021 less accurately shows Vesta came to perihelion on 25 December 2021. Trans-Neptunian objects discovered when 80+ AU from the Sun need dozens of observations over multiple years to well constrain their orbits because they move very slowly against

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648-473: Is currently about 1.016 71  AU or 152,097,700 km (94,509,100 mi). The dates of perihelion and aphelion change over time due to precession and other orbital factors, which follow cyclical patterns known as Milankovitch cycles . In the short term, such dates can vary up to 2 days from one year to another. This significant variation is due to the presence of the Moon: while the Earth–Moon barycenter

702-432: Is moving on a stable orbit around the Sun, the position of the Earth's center which is on average about 4,700 kilometres (2,900 mi) from the barycenter, could be shifted in any direction from it—and this affects the timing of the actual closest approach between the Sun's and the Earth's centers (which in turn defines the timing of perihelion in a given year). Because of the increased distance at aphelion, only 93.55% of

756-498: Is often subjective and what is considered abnormal changes over time. For example, before 1974, homosexuality was considered to be a mental disorder in the DSM . After activist movements and examination within the APA, it was replaced with sexual orientation disturbance, then eventually completely removed from the DSM. Now, the APA and the medical community consider homosexuality normal when it

810-535: Is out of the ordinary is not necessarily indicative of a mental or psychological disorder . Abnormal behavior, on the other hand, while not a mental disorder in itself, is often an indicator of a possible mental and/or psychological disorder. A psychological disorder is defined as an "ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that causes significant distress, and is considered deviant in that person's culture or society". Abnormal behavior, as it relates to psychological disorders, would be "ongoing" and

864-405: Is some debate among professionals as to what constitutes abnormal behavior. In general, abnormal behavior is often classified under one of the "four D's," which are deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger. The four D's, as well as the criterion mentioned above, are widely used to diagnose behavior as abnormal. However, the labeling of behaviors as abnormal can be controversial because abnormality

918-423: Is that of mental illness or mental disorder. Determination of abnormality in behavior is based upon medical diagnosis . Other criteria include: A common approach to defining abnormality is a multi-criteria approach, where all definitions of abnormality are used to determine whether an individual's behavior is abnormal. For example, psychologists would be prepared to define an individual's behavior as "abnormal" if

972-452: Is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body . The line of apsides (also called apse line, or major axis of the orbit) is the line connecting the two extreme values . Apsides pertaining to orbits around the Sun have distinct names to differentiate themselves from other apsides; these names are aphelion for the farthest and perihelion for

1026-699: Is used by both researchers and clinicians in diagnosing a potential mental disorder. The criteria needed to be met in the DSM-5 vary for each mental disorder. Unlike physical abnormalities in one's health where symptoms are objective, psychology health professionals cannot use objective symptoms when evaluating someone for abnormalities in behavior. There are five main criteria of abnormality. They are: Abnormal behaviors are "actions that are unexpected and often evaluated negatively because they differ from typical or usual behavior". The following criteria are subjective: The standard criteria in psychology and psychiatry

1080-483: The First Point of Aries not in terms of days and hours, but rather as an angle of orbital displacement, the so-called longitude of the periapsis (also called longitude of the pericenter). For the orbit of the Earth, this is called the longitude of perihelion , and in 2000 it was about 282.895°; by 2010, this had advanced by a small fraction of a degree to about 283.067°, i.e. a mean increase of 62" per year. For

1134-622: The Galactic Center respectively. The suffix -jove is occasionally used for Jupiter, but -saturnium has very rarely been used in the last 50 years for Saturn. The -gee form is also used as a generic closest-approach-to "any planet" term—instead of applying it only to Earth. During the Apollo program , the terms pericynthion and apocynthion were used when referring to orbiting the Moon ; they reference Cynthia, an alternative name for

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1188-463: The comets , and the asteroids of the Solar System . There are two apsides in any elliptic orbit . The name for each apsis is created from the prefixes ap- , apo- (from ἀπ(ό) , (ap(o)-)  'away from') for the farthest or peri- (from περί (peri-)  'near') for the closest point to the primary body , with a suffix that describes the primary body. The suffix for Earth

1242-428: The precession of the axes .) The dates and times of the perihelions and aphelions for several past and future years are listed in the following table: The following table shows the distances of the planets and dwarf planets from the Sun at their perihelion and aphelion. These formulae characterize the pericenter and apocenter of an orbit: While, in accordance with Kepler's laws of planetary motion (based on

1296-526: The Earth reaches perihelion in early January, approximately 14 days after the December solstice . At perihelion, the Earth's center is about 0.983 29 astronomical units (AU) or 147,098,070 km (91,402,500 mi) from the Sun's center. In contrast, the Earth reaches aphelion currently in early July, approximately 14 days after the June solstice . The aphelion distance between the Earth's and Sun's centers

1350-434: The Earth's distance from the Sun. In the northern hemisphere, summer occurs at the same time as aphelion, when solar radiation is lowest. Despite this, summers in the northern hemisphere are on average 2.3 °C (4 °F) warmer than in the southern hemisphere, because the northern hemisphere contains larger land masses, which are easier to heat than the seas. Perihelion and aphelion do however have an indirect effect on

1404-584: The Greek Moon goddess Artemis . More recently, during the Artemis program , the terms perilune and apolune have been used. Regarding black holes, the term peribothron was first used in a 1976 paper by J. Frank and M. J. Rees, who credit W. R. Stoeger for suggesting creating a term using the greek word for pit: "bothron". The terms perimelasma and apomelasma (from a Greek root) were used by physicist and science-fiction author Geoffrey A. Landis in

1458-404: The Sun and for each planet, the blue part of their orbit travels north of the ecliptic plane, the pink part travels south, and dots mark perihelion (green) and aphelion (orange). The first image (below-left) features the inner planets, situated outward from the Sun as Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The reference Earth-orbit is colored yellow and represents the orbital plane of reference . At

1512-452: The Sun. The words are formed from the prefixes peri- (Greek: περί , near) and apo- (Greek: ἀπό , away from), affixed to the Greek word for the Sun, ( ἥλιος , or hēlíos ). Various related terms are used for other celestial objects . The suffixes -gee , -helion , -astron and -galacticon are frequently used in the astronomical literature when referring to the Earth, Sun, stars, and

1566-544: The behavior is dysfunctional or undesirable, however--it may simply mean that what is being observed is statistically deviant in a social or cultural context. In fact, deviance can often be positive and accepted by others. This is commonly seen in individuals such as Nobel Prize winners, geniuses, professional athletes, and extremely creative people. Apsis An apsis (from Ancient Greek ἁψίς ( hapsís )  'arch, vault'; pl.   apsides / ˈ æ p s ɪ ˌ d iː z / AP -sih-deez )

1620-422: The conservation of angular momentum ) and the conservation of energy, these two quantities are constant for a given orbit: where: Note that for conversion from heights above the surface to distances between an orbit and its primary, the radius of the central body has to be added, and conversely. The arithmetic mean of the two limiting distances is the length of the semi-major axis a . The geometric mean of

1674-409: The distance of the line that joins the nearest and farthest points across an orbit; it also refers simply to the extreme range of an object orbiting a host body (see top figure; see third figure). In orbital mechanics , the apsides technically refer to the distance measured between the barycenter of the 2-body system and the center of mass of the orbiting body. However, in the case of a spacecraft ,

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1728-405: The extreme range—from the closest approach (perihelion) to farthest point (aphelion)—of several orbiting celestial bodies of the Solar System : the planets, the known dwarf planets, including Ceres , and Halley's Comet . The length of the horizontal bars correspond to the extreme range of the orbit of the indicated body around the Sun. These extreme distances (between perihelion and aphelion) are

1782-525: The following criteria are met: A good example of an abnormal behavior assessed by a multi-criteria approach is depression : it is commonly seen as a deviation from ideal mental stability, it often stops the individual from 'functioning' in normal life, and, although it is a relatively common mental disorder, it is still statistically infrequent. Most people do not experience significant major depressive disorder in their lifetime. Thus, depression and its associated behaviors would be considered abnormal. There

1836-401: The generic suffix, -apsis , is used instead. The perihelion (q) and aphelion (Q) are the nearest and farthest points respectively of a body's direct orbit around the Sun . Comparing osculating elements at a specific epoch to those at a different epoch will generate differences. The time-of-perihelion-passage as one of six osculating elements is not an exact prediction (other than for

1890-465: The lines of apsides of the orbits of various objects around a host body. Distances of selected bodies of the Solar System from the Sun. The left and right edges of each bar correspond to the perihelion and aphelion of the body, respectively, hence long bars denote high orbital eccentricity . The radius of the Sun is 0.7 million km, and the radius of Jupiter (the largest planet) is 0.07 million km, both too small to resolve on this image. Currently,

1944-453: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anomaly&oldid=1191587813 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Abnormality (behavior) Abnormal behavior should not be confused with unusual behavior. Behavior that

1998-413: The nearest point in the solar orbit. The Moon 's two apsides are the farthest point, apogee , and the nearest point, perigee , of its orbit around the host Earth . Earth's two apsides are the farthest point, aphelion , and the nearest point, perihelion , of its orbit around the host Sun. The terms aphelion and perihelion apply in the same way to the orbits of Jupiter and the other planets ,

2052-503: The orbit of the Earth around the Sun, the time of apsis is often expressed in terms of a time relative to seasons, since this determines the contribution of the elliptical orbit to seasonal variations. The variation of the seasons is primarily controlled by the annual cycle of the elevation angle of the Sun, which is a result of the tilt of the axis of the Earth measured from the plane of the ecliptic . The Earth's eccentricity and other orbital elements are not constant, but vary slowly due to

2106-602: The other, relevant data Anomaly in software , any condition that deviates from expectation Business [ edit ] Market anomaly , a distortion in prices in a financial market Anomaly (advertising agency) , a marketing communications agency based in New York Other uses [ edit ] Anomalistics , the study of scientific anomalies Insult , "Blake you are such an anomaly" Ararat anomaly , an object on Mount Ararat in Turkey claimed to be

2160-418: The periapsis Anomalous precession , another term for "apsidal precession" Eccentric anomaly , an intermediate value used to compute the position of a celestial object as a function of time Flyby anomaly , an unexpected energy increase during the flybys of the Earth by various satellites Mean anomaly , a measure of time in the study of orbital dynamics Pioneer anomaly , the observed deviation of

2214-588: The perihelion passage. For example, using an epoch of 1996, Comet Hale–Bopp shows perihelion on 1 April 1997. Using an epoch of 2008 shows a less accurate perihelion date of 30 March 1997. Short-period comets can be even more sensitive to the epoch selected. Using an epoch of 2005 shows 101P/Chernykh coming to perihelion on 25 December 2005, but using an epoch of 2012 produces a less accurate unperturbed perihelion date of 20 January 2006. Numerical integration shows dwarf planet Eris will come to perihelion around December 2257. Using an epoch of 2021, which

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2268-409: The perturbing effects of the planets and other objects in the solar system (Milankovitch cycles). On a very long time scale, the dates of the perihelion and of the aphelion progress through the seasons, and they make one complete cycle in 22,000 to 26,000 years. There is a corresponding movement of the position of the stars as seen from Earth, called the apsidal precession . (This is closely related to

2322-504: The radiation from the Sun falls on a given area of Earth's surface as does at perihelion, but this does not account for the seasons , which result instead from the tilt of Earth's axis of 23.4° away from perpendicular to the plane of Earth's orbit. Indeed, at both perihelion and aphelion it is summer in one hemisphere while it is winter in the other one. Winter falls on the hemisphere where sunlight strikes least directly, and summer falls where sunlight strikes most directly, regardless of

2376-477: The remains of Noah's Ark Irregular (disambiguation) Outlier All pages with titles beginning with Anomaly All pages with titles containing Anomaly All pages with titles beginning with Anomalous All pages with titles containing Anomalous Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Anomaly . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

2430-417: The seasons: because Earth's orbital speed is minimum at aphelion and maximum at perihelion, the planet takes longer to orbit from June solstice to September equinox than it does from December solstice to March equinox. Therefore, summer in the northern hemisphere lasts slightly longer (93 days) than summer in the southern hemisphere (89 days). Astronomers commonly express the timing of perihelion relative to

2484-401: The smaller mass is negligible (e.g., for satellites), then the orbital parameters are independent of the smaller mass. When used as a suffix—that is, -apsis —the term can refer to the two distances from the primary body to the orbiting body when the latter is located: 1) at the periapsis point, or 2) at the apoapsis point (compare both graphics, second figure). The line of apsides denotes

2538-624: The space-time continuum in the Star Trek universe The Fortean anomaly , in the work of Charles Fort The Tycho Magnetic Anomaly (TMA) on the Moon in the novel and in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey by Sir Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick Entities in the SCP universe, often referred to as "anomalies" Video games [ edit ] Anomaly: Warzone Earth , a real time strategy video game Anomaly Korea Anomaly 2 Publications [ edit ] The Anomalies ,

2592-416: The speed of an electromagnetic wave increases with increasing frequency Anomalon , a hypothetical type of nuclear matter that shows an anomalously large reactive cross section Anomaly (physics) , a failure of a symmetry of a theory's classical action Conformal anomaly , a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory Chiral anomaly , an anomalous nonconservation of

2646-415: The terms are commonly used to refer to the orbital altitude of the spacecraft above the surface of the central body (assuming a constant, standard reference radius). The words "pericenter" and "apocenter" are often seen, although periapsis/apoapsis are preferred in technical usage. The words perihelion and aphelion were coined by Johannes Kepler to describe the orbital motions of the planets around

2700-412: The time of vernal equinox, the Earth is at the bottom of the figure. The second image (below-right) shows the outer planets, being Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The orbital nodes are the two end points of the "line of nodes" where a planet's tilted orbit intersects the plane of reference; here they may be 'seen' as the points where the blue section of an orbit meets the pink. The chart shows

2754-417: The trajectories of some uncrewed space probes, and especially Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 South Atlantic Anomaly , an area where the Earth's inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closest to the Earth's surface True anomaly , the angle between the direction of periapsis and the current position of an object on its orbit Arts and media [ edit ] Fictional entities [ edit ] Anomaly,

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2808-491: The two distances is the length of the semi-minor axis b . The geometric mean of the two limiting speeds is which is the speed of a body in a circular orbit whose radius is a {\displaystyle a} . Orbital elements such as the time of perihelion passage are defined at the epoch chosen using an unperturbed two-body solution that does not account for the n-body problem . To get an accurate time of perihelion passage you need to use an epoch close to

2862-438: The word "anomaly"), by Incubus "Anomaly", a 2004 song by Psyopus from the album Ideas of Reference "An Anomaly", a 2007 song by It Prevails from the album The Inspiration "The Anomaly", a 2011 song by Scar Symmetry from the album The Unseen Empire "Anomaly", a 2012 song by KB from the album Weight & Glory Technology [ edit ] Anomaly detection , the process of detecting anomalies from

2916-400: Was formerly considered abnormal. Social constructs and culture are often determiners of what is abnormal and what is abnormal. Additionally, abnormality in behavior does not necessarily indicate dysfunction. For example, one of the four D's of abnormal behavior is deviance, meaning that the behavior observed is not in alignment with what is the social or cultural norm. This may not imply that

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