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48-535: Very early clocks were made of iron and wood. However, by the sixteenth century brass was being specified for the mechanism. By the mid nineteenth century cheap clocks were being mass-produced using stamped brass. In 1844, metal dealer Anson Greene Phelps formed the Ansonia Brass company in Connecticut, to supply the expanding clock business - nine companies were producing clocks in Connecticut. In 1851

96-459: A clockmaker, inventor and case designer, joined the newly reconstituted company as one of its founders. As President, he is thought to have been largely responsible for the figurine clocks, swing clocks and other unusual and desirable novelties for which the Ansonia firm became known. Thomas Edison visited the factory in 1878 to experiment combining clocks with his newly developed phonograph. But

144-601: A large fortune. His original partnership with Peck was dissolved in 1832 following the destruction of their New York warehouse (4 May 1832) due to structural failure. Phelps and his son narrowly escaped, but among the dead was Josiah Stokes, a senior clerk who was betrothed to Phelps daughter, Caroline. This was a terrible blow to Phelps and his family. He reorganized the business, forming the Phelps Dodge Company in 1833 with his sons-in-law William Earl Dodge and Daniel James as partners. The two of them operated

192-513: A local group of private citizens and the county sheriff to deputize about 2,000 members of a posse . Given names of Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) members and other miners, they arrested nearly 1,300 striking miners at gunpoint in an early morning raid at Bisbee , Lowell and Warren . Portraying those affiliated with the IWW as bent on war-related sabotage, the company ordered them expelled from

240-465: A location on the east bank of the Naugatuck River in what is now downtown Ansonia . Ansonia was first settled in 1652 and named in honor of Anson Phelps. The state chartered Ansonia as a borough of Derby in 1864, and later as a separate town in 1889. In 1893, Ansonia incorporated as a city, consolidating with the boundaries of the town. Phelps' business continued to prosper and he accumulated

288-605: A relative, Thomas Woodbridge Phelps, as his guardian. On May 5, 1799, Thomas Woodbridge Phelps and Anson Green Phelps were admitted to the Congregational Church in South Canton, Connecticut , which was led by Reverend Jeremiah Hallock. In his early adulthood, Anson Phelps left Simsbury and settled in Hartford, Connecticut . After moving to Hartford, Phelps began manufacturing saddles and shipping them to

336-475: A technical issue with the wording of the will, one large bequest of $ 50,000 to the Liberia College was declared void by the courts. However, the family held this bequest to be sacred and the donation stood despite the ruling. He was eulogized by a Mrs. Sigourney in writing: The cares of commerce and the rush of wealth Swept not away his meekness, nor the time To cultivate all household charities; Nor

384-404: A union busting Bisbee Deportation of 1300 miners working in the mines around Bisbee, Arizona . Using World War I as the premise to take action, Phelps Dodge, in collusion with the local sheriff, illegally kidnapped and deported striking mine workers. When Anson G. Phelps died, his sons-in-law purchased his portion of the company, but retained the name, and the import-export business. In 1880,

432-526: A well-known philanthropist. In 1835 Phelps purchased the house of Henry A. Coster and added land to extend the property from Third Avenue to the East River , and from Twenty-ninth to half-way between Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth streets. Phelps died at his New York residence, formerly the Coster place, on 30 November 1853 at age 73. He left about two million dollar, of which almost seven hundred thousand

480-661: The Congo of Africa, Phelps Dodge Corporation was the majority owner and operator of the Tenke Fungurume project, generally considered to be the world's largest undeveloped copper/cobalt project. A subsidiary of Phelps Dodge Corporation, Climax Molybdenum, is the largest primary producer of molybdenum in the world. At the Henderson mine west of Empire, Colorado , Climax Molybdenum has produced more than 160 million tons of ore and 770 million pounds of molybdenum since

528-829: The Deep South to England and imported various metals to the US needed for industrialization. With the expansion of the Western frontier in North America, the corporation acquired mines and mining companies , including the Copper Queen Mine in Cochise County , Arizona and the Dawson, New Mexico coal mines . It operated its own mines and acquired railroads to carry its products. By the late 19th century, it

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576-523: The Deep South to England, importing tin , iron, copper and other metals essential for industrial growth and development in the United States. In 1834, Peck left the business and was replaced in Liverpool by Daniel James, who remained there until his death in 1876. It was at this time that the concern of Phelps Dodge and Company was begun. Between 1917 and 1919, Phelps Dodge was involved in

624-543: The Industrial Revolution took hold. As the company diversified, it began investing in new railroads, essential in the company's efforts to keep costs as low as possible, especially in Arizona Territory . It used its own lines to transport products to and from major railroads for its markets on the eastern/northeastern shores. In 1895, the first contract was signed by Phelps Dodge and Company and

672-513: The Nichols Copper Company (which was renamed from G. H. Nichols and Company in 1891) to have Phelps Dodge deliver a minimum of 1,000,000 pounds (450,000 kg) of blister copper over three years. This economically symbiotic relationship lasted until 1922, in which Phelps Dodge provided 90% of the blister copper Nichols Copper Company used to produce 100% pure copper. During the 1920s, Phelps Dodge invested $ 3.5 million in

720-582: The Phelps-Dodge Corporation acquired its claims. In 1908, with the Phelps Dodge owners no longer alive, the company was re-organized as a public company and the name changed to Phelps Dodge Corporation, a holding company for all of the various properties and operations. Dr. Douglas was its first president. The company became notorious for its anti-union tactics , primarily for the 1917 Bisbee Deportation . The company worked with

768-731: The Tyrone , between Lordsburg and Silver City and the El Chino Mine , northeast of Bayard . Several of these locations provide ores rich in molybdenum as well. It had recently begun development of the Safford Mine near Safford, Arizona . In 2006, revenue was $ 11.910 billion USD , operating income was $ 4.226 billion, and net income was $ 3.017 billion. As of 2013, the Political Economy Research Institute identified Phelps Dodge as

816-655: The "greatest and grandest hotel in Manhattan, New York ." New York's first air conditioned building, the Ansonia Hotel still stands at 2107 Broadway , albeit as a condominium apartment block. In early 1914, just before World War I , Ansonia was producing 440 different models. However, the novelty clock became subject to fierce competition. As Ansonia's strongest selling line, rather than maintain profit, Ansonia attempted to gain volume by offering clocks at "old pricing". This tactic racked up huge debts, and by 1920

864-458: The 41st-largest corporate producer of Air pollution in the United States , with roughly 4.50 million pounds of toxins released annually into the air. Major pollutants included sulfuric acid , chromium compounds, lead compounds, and chlorine . The Center for Public Integrity has reported that Phelps Dodge is named as a potentially responsible party in at least 13 Superfund toxic waste sites. By June 1998, Reynaldo Delgado had worked for

912-609: The Ansonia Clock Company was formed as a subsidiary of the Ansonia Brass Company by Phelps and two Bristol, Connecticut , clockmakers, Theodore Terry and Franklin C. Andrews. Terry & Andrews were the largest clock manufacturers in Bristol, with more than 50 employees using 58 tons of brass in the production of about 25,000 clocks in 1849. Phelps decided to get into the clockmaking business to expand

960-989: The Congregational Church, and he took an interest in a number of philanthropic causes. He contributed generously to the American Bible Society , the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions , the American Home Missionary Society , the Colonization Society , the Blind Asylum of New York City, and served as the president of each at some point during his life. He also contributed to many other societies and charitable institutions both while he lived and through his estate. He gave his native town of Simsbury, Connecticut US$ 1000 to aid

1008-569: The Nichols Copper Company's plant modernization projects in exchange for stock in Nichols Copper Company. This dramatically increased copper production of the plant. In 1930, Dr. William Henry Nichols died; Phelps Dodge purchased the Laurel Hill plant that same year. During the late 19th century, in concert with its metal interests, Phelps Dodge Corporation became one of the largest producers of lumber and lumber products in

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1056-464: The Phelps Dodge smelting plant in Hurley, New Mexico , for two years. The plant had recently incurred a 10-day shut-down, and, on June 30, 1998, the crew Mr. Delgado was assigned to was short-handed. When the crew encountered an emergency situation known as a "runaway," Mr. Delgado's supervisors ordered him to enter – alone – a tunnel to remove a ladle that was overflowing with molten slag . Mr. Delgado

1104-616: The Phelps, Dodge partnership through a difficult time with a loan. Phelps' business interests included banking, property, mining, ironworks, shipping, railroads and timber. After the split with Peck, some of these interests were divided between the two men. Others remained in joint partnership, including the New York property portfolio and shipping. Peck, who took over the rolling mill at Haverstraw, would continue to purchase raw materials from Phelps. Phelps continued to be an active member of

1152-637: The South to the textile mills in England. Such cotton trade was highly important to England and contributed to its considering support for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Fellow businessman Sheldon Smith persuaded Phelps to invest in the growing town of Derby, Connecticut , in an area that came to be known as Birmingham. Unable to grow his business farther north, Phelps selected

1200-495: The South. His business grew rapidly. He had a large brick building constructed on North Main street, which became known as the "Phelps Block." In 1812 he moved to New York City and began doing business with Elisha Peck under the firm name of Phelps, Peck & Co. in the United States. In Liverpool , England , where Peck managed it, the firm was known as Peck, Phelps & Co. They dealt in metal imports from England including tin, tin plate, iron, and brass; and exported cotton from

1248-511: The United States. In Tombstone, Arizona during 1900 E. B. Gage, Frank Murphy, and William Staunton consolidated their various mining properties into a single entity, the Tombstone Consolidated Mines Company. They worked to drain mines that had filled with water, laid a rail spur into town, and revived mining. They experienced some success until the pumps failed in 1909. The new company filed for bankruptcy and

1296-792: The Warren District with the purchase of the Atlanta Copper Mine in 1882, neighboring the Copper Queen Mine . When both mines discovered the same ore body, instead of fighting over it, they merged in 1885, creating the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company. The Copper Queen Mine in Bisbee, Arizona Territory , became one of the most productive in the state of the early 20th century. The company focused largely on providing copper wire and cables to industry, products that were in high demand as

1344-553: The answering, conscientious zeal To consecrate a portion of his gains To man's relief and the Redeemer's cause. In his will, Phelps left instructions to his heirs in terms that characterized his life: I give and bequeath to each of my grand-children, living at my decease, the sum of $ 5,000, to be paid them as they severally attain the age of 21 years. This latter bequest I direct to be accompanied by my executors with this injunction:-That each of my said grand-children shall consider

1392-650: The company invested in the Detroit Copper Company of Clifton, Arizona , at the time a very small copper camp in the eastern Arizona Territory . Phelps-Dodge interested Dr. James Douglas of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania to inspect the property and make recommendations. Dr. Douglas inspected the Detroit Copper Co of Morenci and also ventured south to the Warren District . On his advice, Phelps-Dodge began its own mining operations in

1440-472: The experiments proved unviable. By 1879, a second factory was opened in Brooklyn, New York and by June 1880 employed 360 workers, while the Connecticut factory continued producing clocks as well with a workforce of 100 men and 25 women. Hence, clocks marked "Connecticut" were generally produced before 1879, while those marked "New York" were all produced after 1880. The New York factory burnt down in 1880 -

1488-400: The firm's functions in Liverpool, England. In 1839 Phelps made his son Anson G. Phelps, Jr. a partner, with a one-eighth share of the business. Caroline Phelps eventually married James Boulter Stokes, brother of the dead Josiah. He became the third son-in-law of Phelps to join Phelps, Dodge & Co. as a partner. Stokes was wealthy in his own right. During the 1837 financial crisis, he helped

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1536-578: The jurisdiction, deporting them to Hermanas, New Mexico . Company officials and Sheriff Harry C. Wheeler seized telegraph and telephone lines to keep news of this from getting out. The Phelps Dodge copper mine at Morenci, Arizona was the site of a violent strike from 1983 to 1986, culminating in one of the largest union decertifications in American labor history. In South America, the company had several very large copper mining operations in Peru . In

1584-738: The loss was reported to be $ 750,000 with only $ 395,000 insured. The company rebuilt the factory on the same site, and reopened the expanded factory in 1881, with capacity to exceed that of the Connecticut factory - which closed completely in 1883. By 1886, the company had sales offices in New York, Chicago and London, and more than 225 different clock models were being manufactured. The prosperous and debt-free Ansonia Clock Company reported having an inventory worth $ 600,000 and receivables valued at $ 250,000. In 1904, Ansonia added non-jeweled watches to their line, and produced an estimated ten million of these by 1929. In 1899, Phelps's grandson William Earle Dodge Stokes commissioned architect Paul E. Duboy to build

1632-434: The market for his brass, while Terry and Andrews got access to better quality brass at better prices. They had resultantly sold 50% of their business to Phelps, and moved the business to Ansonia after their Derby, Connecticut factory burned in 1854. In 1877 the clock company purchased a factory in New York, and moved most of its production there after being spun off from the brass company. Henry J. Davies of Brooklyn, himself

1680-824: The mine opened in 1976. Climax Molybdenum also owns the Climax molybdenum mine , north of Leadville, Colorado . In 1906, Phelps-Dodge acquired the Dawson Fuel Company of Dawson, New Mexico to mine coal for its copper smelting operations. Major accidents include the explosion at the Dawson Stag Canyon No. 2 mine which resulted in 264 deaths, and is one of the deadliest coal mining accidents in U.S. history. The company employed more than 13,500 people worldwide. On Sunday, November 19, 2006, Freeport-McMoRan announced that it planned to acquire Phelps Dodge for $ 25.9 billion in cash and stock to create

1728-520: The number of models was down to 136 models, and 47 by 1927. In 1926, the company sold its Brooklyn warehouse, but this could not stem the inevitable. In 1929, the majority of the timekeeping machinery and tooling was sold to the Soviet government's US trading company Amtorg , just before the stock market crash. The parts, machinery and key skilled workers were shipped out of the USA to form the basis, along with

1776-588: The poor. Among his other philanthropic activities was the creation of the Anson G. Phelps lecture series on early American history at New York University . In the 1830s, Phelps supported Presbyterian preacher Charles Grandison Finney during his ministry in New York. Phelps first hired a church for him in Vanderwater Street, and later purchased a church in Princes Street, near Broadway. Finney

1824-452: The remains of a watch company purchased a year later, of the clock and watch industry in Moscow such as Poljot and Sekonda . In 1969, the rights to the name, trademarks, and goodwill were transferred to Ansonia Clock Co., Inc., Lynnwood, Washington . Ansonia closed in 2006, after 155 years of operation. Anson Greene Phelps Anson Green Phelps (March 24, 1781 – May 18, 1858)

1872-477: The said bequest as a sacred deposit, committed to their trust, to be invested by each grand-child, and the income derived therefrom to be devoted to spread the gospel, and to promote the Redeemer's kingdom oil earth, hoping and trusting that the God of Heaven will give to each of that wisdom which is from above, and incline them to be faithful stewards, and transmit the same to their descendants, to be sacredly devoted to

1920-548: The same object. I know this bequest is absolute and places the amount so given beyond my control; but my earnest hope is that my wish may be regarded as I leave it, an obligation binding simply on their integrity and honor. His funeral was at the Presbyterian Church, Mercer Street, New York, where he had been a ruling elder. He was buried in his family vault in the New York Marble Cemetery . He

1968-696: The senior Phelps' death (22 years), Phelps Dodge acquired mining interests and companies in the American West, and became known primarily as a mining company. Anson Green Phelps was born in Simsbury, Connecticut , in 1781; his mother died when he was 12 years old. Afterward, he was raised in the house of the Congregational minister of Simsbury. Phelps was descended from the early American colonial governors of Connecticut, Thomas Dudley , John Haynes and George Wyllys . On October 13, 1799, he chose

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2016-567: The world's largest publicly traded copper mining company. Stockholders for both companies voted on the proposal March 14, 2007. On Monday, March 19, 2007, Phelps Dodge Corporation was acquired by Freeport-McMoRan (NYSE: FCX), creating the world's largest publicly traded copper company, with 25,000 employees at acquisition. At the time of its acquisition in 2007, Phelps Dodge Corporation had large copper mining operations in Bagdad , Morenci , Sahuarita , Safford and Miami, Arizona . In New Mexico ,

2064-781: Was "much struck with the piety of Mr Phelps", and said that Phelps would rise at night so that he could commune with God, having little time for secret devotion during the day, when business pressed him. Phelps married Olivia Egleston , daughter of Elihu and Elizabeth Egleston, on 26 October 1806 at the age of 25. He and Olivia had nine children: Elizabeth, Melissa, Caroline Olivia (died in infancy), and Caroline, all born in Hartford; and Harriett, Anson Green Jr., Olivia Egleston, and Lydia Ann, all born in New York City. His grandsons included Anson Phelps Stokes and William Earl Dodge Stokes . His great-grandson, Anson Phelps Stokes , became

2112-504: Was an American entrepreneur and business man from Connecticut. Beginning with a saddlery business, he founded Phelps, Dodge & Co. in 1833 as an export-import business with his sons-in-law as partners, William E. Dodge in NYC and Daniel James based in Liverpool , England. His third son-in-law, James Boulter Stokes , became a partner some years later. Later in the 19th century after

2160-421: Was his shares in Phelps Dodge & Co. These were purchased by the other partners. Just over one million dollars was property in New York, Indiana, Connecticut, Pennsylvania and Missouri. His will was contested and there were so many anomalies that his widow, who was the executrix, put it before the courts to sort out. It was after her death that the final verdict was given by the court of appeal in 1861. Due to

2208-524: Was known as a mining company. On March 19, 2007, Freeport-McMoRan completed a $ 25.9 billion acquisition of Phelps Dodge Corporation. in 1821, Anson G. Phelps started a partnership in New York City with Elisha Peck , a merchant who had been in trade in Berlin, Connecticut . Peck moved to Liverpool to run the British end of their business, an import-export company that shipped US-grown cotton from

2256-582: Was later re-interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Phelps Dodge Phelps Dodge Corporation was an American mining company founded in 1834 as an import-export firm by Anson Greene Phelps and his two sons-in-law William Earle Dodge, Sr. and Daniel James . The latter two ran Phelps, James & Co., the part of the organization based in Liverpool , England. The import-export firm at first exported United States cotton from

2304-407: Was not qualified to perform this task and had never done so under runaway conditions, facts which he repeatedly told his supervisors. Following several instances of protesting and requesting help, which were refused by his supervisors, Mr. Delgado was sent to perform this task. There was an explosion inside the tunnel, and he subsequently emerged from the tunnel fully engulfed in flames and collapsed at

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