126-462: Aomori ( Japanese : 青森 , Hepburn : Aomori , IPA: [aoꜜmoɾi] ; lit. "Blue Forest") , officially Aomori City ( 青森市 , Aomori-shi ), is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture , in the Tōhoku region of Japan . As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 264,945 in 136,781 households, and a population density of 321 people per square kilometer spread over
252-659: A basic color or a shade of blue by different speakers. Similarly dark blue or navy blue ( granatowy —deriving from the name of pomegranate ( granat ), some cultivars of which are dark purplish blue in color) can be considered by some speakers as a separate basic color. Black ( czarny ) is completely distinguished from blue. As in English, Polish distinguishes pink ( różowy ) from red ( czerwony ). The word siwy means blue-gray in Polish (literally: "color of gray hair"). The word siny refers to violet-blue and
378-637: A benefit from the in-group to the out-group) means "[I/we] explained [it] to [him/her/them]". Such beneficiary auxiliary verbs thus serve a function comparable to that of pronouns and prepositions in Indo-European languages to indicate the actor and the recipient of an action. Japanese "pronouns" also function differently from most modern Indo-European pronouns (and more like nouns) in that they can take modifiers as any other noun may. For instance, one does not say in English: The amazed he ran down
504-574: A branch bay of Mutsu Bay , to the north, and the Hakkōda and Higashidake Mountains, which are the northern end of the Ōu Mountains to the south to the east. Among other smaller rivers, the city has two large rivers flowing through it, the Komagome River and its tributary, the Arakawa River. Parts of the city in the southeast are within the borders of Towada-Hachimantai National Park and
630-638: A cobra called Wadjet , "the green one", or as the Eye of Horus , also called by the same name. At the same time, wedjet was the word used for Egyptian blue in faience ceramics. In Hebrew, the word כחול (pronounced /kaˈχol/ ) means blue, while ירוק (pronounced /jaˈʁok/ ) means green and has the same root , י־ר־ק (j-r-q), as the word for "vegetables" ( ירקות , jeʁaˈkot ). However, in classical Hebrew, ירוק can mean both green and yellow, giving rise to such expressions as ירוק כרישה "leek green" ( Tiberian Hebrew /jɔːˈroːq kəriː'ʃɔː/ ) to specify green to
756-549: A cold, humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa ) closely bordering the Humid Subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ) using the 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) isotherm with both January and February monthly averages being too cold to be of the latter, characterized by warm, short summers and long, cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Aomori is 10.7 °C (51.3 °F). The average annual rainfall
882-594: A complex system of honorifics , with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. The Japanese writing system combines Chinese characters , known as kanji ( 漢字 , ' Han characters') , with two unique syllabaries (or moraic scripts) derived by the Japanese from the more complex Chinese characters: hiragana ( ひらがな or 平仮名 , 'simple characters') and katakana ( カタカナ or 片仮名 , 'partial characters'). Latin script ( rōmaji ローマ字 )
1008-515: A cool wind called "Yamase" often blows from the east, which sometimes results in abnormally cool weather and poor harvests. Additionally, thick fogs from the Oyashio Current are often observed in mountainous areas in the summer. Due to this fog, flights to Aomori Airport are often cancelled. A person living in or from Aomori is referred to as an Aomorian. Per Japanese census data, the population of Aomori has remained relatively steady over
1134-414: A distinct language of its own that has absorbed various aspects from neighboring languages. Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version. Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel (a macron ) in rōmaji , a repeated vowel character in hiragana , or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in katakana . /u/ ( listen )
1260-419: A glide /j/ and either the first part of a geminate consonant ( っ / ッ , represented as Q) or a moraic nasal in the coda ( ん / ン , represented as N). The nasal is sensitive to its phonetic environment and assimilates to the following phoneme, with pronunciations including [ɴ, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɰ̃] . Onset-glide clusters only occur at the start of syllables but clusters across syllables are allowed as long as
1386-544: A green sweater , etc.—will generally be called midori . Japanese people also sometimes use the word gurīn ( グリーン ) , based on the English word "green", for colors. The language also has several other words meaning specific shades of green and blue. The native Korean word 푸르다 ( pureu-da ) may mean either blue or green, or bluish green. These adjectives 푸르다 are used for blue as in 푸른 하늘 ( pureu-n haneul ' blue sky ' ), or for green as in 푸른 숲 ( pureu-n sup ' green forest ' ). 푸른 ( pureu-n )
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#17327651543421512-475: A language until the language has made a distinction between green and blue. In their account of the development of color terms the first terms to emerge are those for white / black (or light / dark ), red and green / yellow . The word for blue in the Amazigh (Berber) language is azerwal . In some dialects of Amazigh , like Shilha or Kabyle , the word azegzaw is used for both green and blue. It
1638-429: A listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener. When used in different social relationships, the same word may have positive (intimate or respectful) or negative (distant or disrespectful) connotations. Japanese often use titles of the person referred to where pronouns would be used in English. For example, when speaking to one's teacher, it
1764-532: A particular 'shade' of qīng applied to cloth and clothing has been attested since the Book of Odes (1000–600 BC), as in the title of Ode 27 ( 《邶風·綠衣》 , "Green Upper Garment") in the Airs of Bei section. After the discarding of Classical Chinese in favor of modern vernacular Chinese , the modern terms for blue and green are now more commonly used than qīng as standalone color terms, although qīng
1890-408: A sentence need not be stated and pronouns may be omitted if they can be inferred from context. In the example above, hana ga nagai would mean "[their] noses are long", while nagai by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: Yatta! ( やった! ) "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below),
2016-413: A shade of ao . Educational materials distinguishing green and blue came into use only after World War II ; thus, even though most Japanese consider them to be green, the word ao is still used to describe certain vegetables , apples , and vegetation . Ao is also the word used to refer to the color on a traffic light that signals drivers to "go". However, most other objects—a green car ,
2142-681: A similar distinction between " red " and light red ( pink , which is considered a different color and not merely a kind of red), but such a distinction is unknown in several other languages; for example, both "red" ( 紅 hóng , traditionally called 赤 ), and "pink" ( 粉紅 fěn hóng , lit. "powder red") have traditionally been considered varieties of a single color in Chinese . The Russian language also distinguishes between red ( красный krasniy ) and pink ( розовый rozoviy ). Similarly, English language descriptions of rainbows have often distinguished between blue or turquoise and indigo ,
2268-428: A single adjective can be a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ( 羨ましい! ) "[I'm] jealous [about it]!". While the language has some words that are typically translated as pronouns, these are not used as frequently as pronouns in some Indo-European languages, and function differently. In some cases, Japanese relies on special verb forms and auxiliary verbs to indicate the direction of benefit of an action: "down" to indicate
2394-525: A small forest on a hill which existed near the town. This forest was often used by fishermen as a landmark. A different theory suggests the name might have been derived from the Ainu language . The area has been settled extensively since prehistoric times, and numerous Jōmon period sites have been found by archaeologists, the most famous being the Sannai-Maruyama Site located just southwest of
2520-496: A third word kili̱koba is bright green (resembling a kili̱kki , a species of parrot). By 1915, the authoritative Byington dictionary gives okchako as blue and okchamali as green, blue, gray, verdant. A coursebook from 2001 differentiates based on brightness, giving okchʋko as bright blue/green and okchʋmali as pale or dull blue/green. Modern usage in the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma language school
2646-589: Is melns (in some local dialects mells ). In Lithuanian žalias is green, mėlynas is blue, and žilas is gray (hair) or grizzled. Bulgarian , a South Slavic language , makes a clear distinction between blue ( синьо , sinyo ), green ( зелено , zeleno ), and black ( черно , cherno ). In the Polish language , blue ( niebieski , from niebo ' sky ' ) and green ( zielony ) are treated as separate colors. The word for sky blue or azure — błękitny —might be considered either
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#17327651543422772-406: Is šíbi , whereas zraq ( زرق ) stands for blue and khḍar ( خضر ) for green. The word zrag ( زرڭ ) is used to describe the color of a suffocated person , and is also used pejoratively as a synonym to "dumb, stupid". The ancient Egyptian word wadjet covered the range of blue, blue-green, and green . It was the name of a goddess, the patroness of Lower Egypt, represented as
2898-624: Is compressed rather than protruded , or simply unrounded. Some Japanese consonants have several allophones , which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds. However, some of these allophones have since become phonemic. For example, in the Japanese language up to and including the first half of the 20th century, the phonemic sequence /ti/ was palatalized and realized phonetically as [tɕi] , approximately chi ( listen ) ; however, now [ti] and [tɕi] are distinct, as evidenced by words like tī [tiː] "Western-style tea" and chii [tɕii] "social status". The "r" of
3024-512: Is 1,285 mm (50.6 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.5 °C (74.3 °F), and lowest in January, at around −2.1 °C (28.2 °F). Aomori and the surrounding areas are known for having the heaviest snowfall in the world. In February 1945, the city recorded a maximum snow cover of 209 cm (82 in), but
3150-698: Is a calque of the Hispanic term chiste verde . Modern Javanese has distinct words for blue biru and green ijo . These words are derived from Old Javanese birū and hijo . However, in Old Javanese birū could mean pale blue, grayish blue, greenish blue, or even turquoise, while hijo which means green, could also mean the blue-green color of clear water. Biru and ijo in Modern Javanese are cognates of Malay / Indonesian biru and hijau which both have
3276-464: Is a noun-modifying form. Another word 파랗다 ( para-ta ) usually means blue, but sometimes it also means green, as in 파란 불 ( para-n bul ' green light of a traffic light ' ). There are Sino-Korean expressions that refer to green and blue. 초록 / 草綠 ( chorok adj. / n. ), 초록색 / 草綠色 ( choroksaek n. or for short, 녹색 / 綠色 noksaek n. ) is used for green. Cheong 청 / 靑 , another expression borrowed from Chinese ( 靑 ),
3402-671: Is a separate word for green, gjelbër , which derives from the Latin galbinus , which originally meant "yellow" (cf. German gelb ); the original Latin word for green on the other hand, viridis is the source of the Albanian word for "yellow", verdhë . Albanian also has a borrowed word for green, jeshil , from Turkish yeşil ; it tends to be used for non-natural greens (such as traffic signals) in contrast to gjelbër . Latvian has separate words for green zaļš and blue zils . Both zils and zaļš stem from
3528-464: Is a tourist destination throughout the four seasons. In the northeast is Asamushi-Natsudomari Prefectural Natural Park . There are many hot springs in the city, including Sukayu Onsen at the foot of Mt. Hakkōda and Asamushi Onsen on the coast. Aomori Prefecture Like most of the Tōhoku region, Aomori has a humid temperate climate with warm summers, and cold, though not extreme, winters. The city has
3654-448: Is also seen in o-medetō "congratulations", from medetaku ). Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan ("bread") and tabako ("tobacco", now "cigarette"), both from Portuguese . Modern Japanese is considered to begin with the Edo period (which spanned from 1603 to 1867). Since Old Japanese,
3780-527: Is also used in a limited fashion (such as for imported acronyms) in Japanese writing. The numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals , but also traditional Chinese numerals . Proto-Japonic , the common ancestor of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages , is thought to have been brought to Japan by settlers coming from the Korean peninsula sometime in the early- to mid-4th century BC (the Yayoi period ), replacing
3906-643: Is an agglutinative , mora -timed language with relatively simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure is topic–comment . Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender , and there are no articles . Verbs are conjugated , primarily for tense and voice , but not person . Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has
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4032-440: Is appropriate to use sensei ( 先生 , "teacher"), but inappropriate to use anata . This is because anata is used to refer to people of equal or lower status, and one's teacher has higher status. Japanese nouns have no grammatical number, gender or article aspect. The noun hon ( 本 ) may refer to a single book or several books; hito ( 人 ) can mean "person" or "people", and ki ( 木 ) can be "tree" or "trees". Where number
4158-449: Is archaic, and denotes blue-gray, usually used to describe dark seas. Turquoise is usually described as tirkizna , and similarly, azure will use a loan word azurna . There is no specific word for cyan. Blond hair is called plava ' blue ' , reflecting likely the archaic use of plav for any bright white/blue colors (like the sky). Mrko ' dusky ' can refer either dark brown, less often dark gray, or even black. It
4284-701: Is associated with comedy (see Kansai dialect ). Dialects of Tōhoku and North Kantō are associated with typical farmers. The Ryūkyūan languages, spoken in Okinawa and the Amami Islands (administratively part of Kagoshima ), are distinct enough to be considered a separate branch of the Japonic family; not only is each language unintelligible to Japanese speakers, but most are unintelligible to those who speak other Ryūkyūan languages. However, in contrast to linguists, many ordinary Japanese people tend to consider
4410-466: Is better documentation of Late Middle Japanese phonology than for previous forms (for instance, the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam ). Among other sound changes, the sequence /au/ merges to /ɔː/ , in contrast with /oː/ ; /p/ is reintroduced from Chinese; and /we/ merges with /je/ . Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending - te begins to reduce onto
4536-509: Is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as watashi ( 私 , literally "private") or watakushi (also 私 , hyper-polite form), while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ore ( 俺 "oneself", "myself") or boku . Similarly, different words such as anata , kimi , and omae ( お前 , more formally 御前 "the one before me") may refer to
4662-466: Is etymologically derived from the word for ' darkness ' ( mrak ), but is distinct from ' dark ' ( tamna ). For instance, it is used to describe the brown bear ( mrki medved/medvjed ). Smeđe and kestenjasto refer to brown, crveno means red, ružičasto is for pink and narančasto designates orange. Shades are defined with a prefix (e.g., tamno- for dark, or svetlo-/svijetlo- for light), for example, dark blue
4788-417: Is important, it can be indicated by providing a quantity (often with a counter word ) or (rarely) by adding a suffix, or sometimes by duplication (e.g. 人人 , hitobito , usually written with an iteration mark as 人々 ). Words for people are usually understood as singular. Thus Tanaka-san usually means Mx Tanaka . Words that refer to people and animals can be made to indicate a group of individuals through
4914-412: Is in line with common practice of using zíša/šázi for orange ( šá meaning ' red ' ), and šátȟo/tȟóša for ' purple/violet ' . Mapudungun , spoken by indigenous peoples of Chile and Argentina, distinguishes between kurü ' black ' , kallfü ' blue ' and karü ' green, raw, immature ' . The word payne was formerly used to refer to a sky blue, and also refers to
5040-556: Is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered the language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese . Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and
5166-755: Is less common. In terms of mutual intelligibility , a survey in 1967 found that the four most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects ) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains of Nagano Prefecture ), the Himi dialect (in Toyama Prefecture ), the Kagoshima dialect and the Maniwa dialect (in Okayama Prefecture ). The survey
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5292-414: Is likely cognate with the English word azure , which represents the colour between blue and cyan. The color of the sky is sometimes referred to as "the green" in some dialects of Classical Arabic poetry, in which it is al-khaḍrā ' ( الخضراء ). In Arabic the word for blue is azraq ( أزرق ). The Arabic word for green is akhḍar ( أخضر ). In Moroccan Arabic , the word for light blue
5418-633: Is mostly used for blue, as in 청바지 / 靑-- ( cheong-baji ' blue jeans ' ) and Cheong Wa Dae ( 청와대 / 靑 瓦臺 ), the Blue House , which is the former executive office and official residence of the President of the Republic of Korea, but is also used for green as well, as in 청과물 / 靑果物 ( cheong-gwamul ' fruits and vegetables ' ) and 청포도 / 靑葡萄 ( cheong-podo ' green grape ' ). In Tibetan , སྔོན་པོ། ( Wylie sngon po )
5544-420: Is often called a topic-prominent language , which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō wa hana ga nagai ( 象は鼻が長い ) literally means, "As for elephant(s), (the) nose(s) (is/are) long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose". Japanese grammar tends toward brevity; the subject or object of
5670-477: Is prefixed in some cases. For example, green will be called ఆకుపచ్చ ākupacca ' leaf- pacca ' and yellow పసుపుపచ్చ pasupupacca ' turmeric - pacca ' . In Malayalam there are distinct words for blue ( nīla നീല ), green ( pacca പച്ച ) and yellow ( mañña മഞ്ഞ ). The modern Standard Chinese language has the blue–green distinction ( 藍 lán for blue and 綠 lǜ for green); however, another word that predates
5796-498: Is preserved in words such as matsuge ("eyelash", lit. "hair of the eye"); modern mieru ("to be visible") and kikoeru ("to be audible") retain a mediopassive suffix - yu(ru) ( kikoyu → kikoyuru (the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period) → kikoeru (all verbs with the shimo-nidan conjugation pattern underwent this same shift in Early Modern Japanese )); and
5922-435: Is still part of many common noun phrases. The two forms can also be encountered combined as 青藍 and 青綠 , with qīng being used as an intensifier . In modern scientific contexts, qīng refers to cyan as a narrow range of color in between blue and green, and the modern color names are used when referring to other shades of blue or of green. The Japanese words 青 ( ao , n. ) and 青い ( aoi , adj. ) ,
6048-458: Is the Chinese word for "green vegetable", referring to bok choy , and the opposing sides of the game liubo were known as qīng and white in antiquity despite using black and white pieces. Qīng was the traditional designation of both blue and green for much of the history of the Chinese language, while lán originally referred to the dye of the indigo plant . However, lǜ as
6174-496: Is the term traditionally given for the color of the sky and of grass. This term also falls into the general pattern of naming colors by appending the suffix po , as in mar po ' red ' , ser po ' yellow ' , nag po ' black ' , and dkar po ' white ' . Conspicuously, the term for ' green ' is ljang khu , likely related to ljang bu , and defined as—"the grue (sngon po) sprout of wheat or barley". Vietnamese used to colexify green and blue with
6300-402: Is the version of Japanese discussed in this article. Formerly, standard Japanese in writing ( 文語 , bungo , "literary language") was different from colloquial language ( 口語 , kōgo ) . The two systems have different rules of grammar and some variance in vocabulary. Bungo was the main method of writing Japanese until about 1900; since then kōgo gradually extended its influence and
6426-573: Is to use okchʋko for blue and okchʋmali for green, with no distinction for brightness. The language of the Kanien'kehá:ka Nation at Akwesasne is at Stage VII on the Berlin–Kay Scale , and possesses distinct terms for a broad range of spectral and nonspectral colors such as oruía ' blue ' , óhute ' green ' , kahúji ' black ' , karákA ' white ' , and atakArókwa ' gray ' . According to one researcher,
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#17327651543426552-415: Is translated variously as pale blue or pale green, okchakko chohmi ' somewhat okchakko ' is given as swarthy, and okchamali is defined as deep blue, gray, green, or sky blue. In 1880, okchakko and okchʋmali are both given as blue, and green is not specifically listed as a color. In an 1892 dictionary, okchamali is deep blue or green, okchakko is pale blue or bright green, and
6678-1073: Is used for green. The word aky , which is cognate with Nheengatu akira , also means ' green/immature ' . The Yebamasa of the Rio Piraparana region in Vaupés Department , southeastern Colombia , use the term sumese for both blue and green in the Barasana-Eduria language . Speakers of Tagalog most commonly use the Spanish loanwords for blue and green— asul (from Spanish azul ) and berde (from Spanish verde ), respectively. Although these words are much more common in spoken use, Tagalog has native terms: bugháw for blue and lunti(án) for green, which are seen as archaic and more flowery. These are mostly confined to formal and academic writings, alongside artistic fields such literature, music, and poetry. In Cebuano , another major Philippine language ,
6804-471: Is used for the present and the future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -te iru form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect , similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -te iru form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kite iru means "They have come (and are still here)", but tabete iru means "They are eating". Questions (both with an interrogative pronoun and yes/no questions) have
6930-444: Is used to describe the color of bruises ( siniaki ), hematoma , and the blue skin discoloration that can result from moderate hypothermia . Russian does not have a single word referring to the whole range of colors denoted by the English term "blue". Instead, it traditionally treats light blue ( голубой , goluboy ) as a separate color independent from plain or dark blue ( синий , siniy ), with all seven "basic" colors of
7056-405: Is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns, much like Spanish usted (contracted from vuestra merced , "your ( majestic plural ) grace") or Portuguese você (from vossa mercê ). Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom. The choice of words used as pronouns
7182-547: The höh category, and nogoon became a more common term in the modern era. Albanian has two major words for "blue": kaltër refers to a light blue, such as that of the sky, but it is derived from Vulgar Latin calthinus , itself derived from caltha , a loan from Ancient Greek that meant "marigold" a small and in fact yellow flower. The other word, blu , refers to a darker shade of blue, and like many similar words across many European languages, derives ultimately from Germanic (see also: Italian blu ). There
7308-717: The Aomori 1st district , a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan , which also includes the city of Mutsu , the Higashitsugaru District , the Shimokita District , and the northern half of the Kamikita District . Aomori serves as the regional commercial center for central Aomori Prefecture. Agriculture and commercial fishing form only 4% of
7434-638: The Asian Winter Games ), and the local women's " Team Aomori " was selected to represent Japan at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy and at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada. From 17 to 25 March 2007, Aomori hosted the World Women's Curling Championships. Gappo Park is Aomori's oldest public park and its most iconic green space. Located to the east of
7560-451: The Guaraní hovy /hɔʋɨ/ . In modern Tupi ( Nheengatu ) the word suikiri can be used for green and iakira/akira for blue. However, iakira/akira also means immature, as in pakua akira ' green banana/immature banana ' , and suikiri can also mean blue. In modern Guarani , the word hovy is used for blue and hovy'û (which literally means "dark green/blue")
7686-450: The Japan home islands campaign . The 28–29 July bombing claimed 1,767 lives and destroyed 88% of the city. In the post-war period, Aomori was rebuilt as the local political and commercial center. The Tsugaru Line railway opened between Aomori Station and Kanita Station in 1951. Aomori Airport was opened in 1964 in nearby Namioka. The city was connected to Tokyo by highway in 1979 with
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#17327651543427812-517: The Japonic language family, which also includes the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands . As these closely related languages are commonly treated as dialects of the same language, Japanese is sometimes called a language isolate . According to Martine Irma Robbeets , Japanese has been subject to more attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in
7938-514: The Philippines , and various Pacific islands, locals in those countries learned Japanese as the language of the empire. As a result, many elderly people in these countries can still speak Japanese. Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil , with 1.4 million to 1.5 million Japanese immigrants and descendants, according to Brazilian IBGE data, more than
8064-923: The Seikan Ferry . In 1988, Seikan Tunnel replaced the ferry's role as the connector of Honshu and Hokkaido's rail networks, but the station still functioned as the connecting point between main line trains and trains for the Aomori-Hakodate section. The Tōhoku Shinkansen opened in 2010 with a new terminal at Shin-Aomori Station . The Shinkansen provides high-speed service between Shin-Aomori , Hachinohe , Morioka , Sendai and Tokyo . [REDACTED] East Japan Railway Company (JR East) – Tōhoku Shinkansen [REDACTED] JR East – Ōu Main Line [REDACTED] JR East – Tsugaru Line [REDACTED] Aoimori Railway Line Aomori has hosted several international curling events, two in 2003 (including
8190-738: The United States (notably in Hawaii , where 16.7% of the population has Japanese ancestry, and California ), and the Philippines (particularly in Davao Region and the Province of Laguna ). Japanese has no official status in Japan, but is the de facto national language of the country. There is a form of the language considered standard : hyōjungo ( 標準語 ) , meaning "standard Japanese", or kyōtsūgo ( 共通語 ) , "common language", or even "Tokyo dialect" at times. The meanings of
8316-806: The de facto standard Japanese had been the Kansai dialect , especially that of Kyoto . However, during the Edo period, Edo (now Tokyo) developed into the largest city in Japan, and the Edo-area dialect became standard Japanese. Since the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages has increased significantly. The period since 1945 has seen many words borrowed from other languages—such as German, Portuguese and English. Many English loan words especially relate to technology—for example, pasokon (short for "personal computer"), intānetto ("internet"), and kamera ("camera"). Due to
8442-471: The 1.2 million of the United States ) sometimes employ Japanese as their primary language. Approximately 12% of Hawaii residents speak Japanese, with an estimated 12.6% of the population of Japanese ancestry in 2008. Japanese emigrants can also be found in Peru , Argentina , Australia (especially in the eastern states), Canada (especially in Vancouver , where 1.4% of the population has Japanese ancestry),
8568-606: The Aomori Prefectural Board of Education and three private high schools. The prefecture also operates eight special education schools for the handicapped. Aomori Station has been the main station of the city since 1891. The two trunk lines of the Tōhoku region, the Tōhoku Main Line (now the Aoimori Railway ) and the Ōu Main Line , terminated at Aomori Station and continued to Hakodate by
8694-570: The Environment . Besides this, major attractions of Aomori include ruins, museums, and mountains. The Hakkōda Mountains have good locations for trekking with hot spas ( onsen ), such as Sukayu Onsen . Japanese language Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo , [ɲihoŋɡo] ) is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people . It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan ,
8820-486: The Japanese language is of particular interest, ranging between an apical central tap and a lateral approximant . The "g" is also notable; unless it starts a sentence, it may be pronounced [ ŋ ] , in the Kanto prestige dialect and in other eastern dialects. The phonotactics of Japanese are relatively simple. The syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), that is, a core vowel surrounded by an optional onset consonant,
8946-602: The Kanien'kehá:ka term for purple arihwawakunéha , which translates to ' bishop['s color] ' , a recent, post-Christianization coinage. The way in which purple was categorized and referenced prior to the addition of the latter term is not clear. In the Lakota language , the word tȟó is used for both blue and green, though the word tȟózi (a mixture of the words tȟó ' blue (green) ' , and zí ' yellow ' ) has become common ( zítȟo can also be used). This
9072-776: The Northern Fujiwara in the Kamakura period , the territory was part of the domain assigned to the Nambu clan , and into the Sengoku period , it came under the control of the rival Tsugaru clan , whose main castle was located in Namioka . After the start of the Edo period , what would become the core of present-day Aomori was a minor port settlement in the Hirosaki Domain called Utō ( 善知鳥村 , Utō-mura ) . The town
9198-736: The Old Japanese sections are written in Man'yōgana , which uses kanji for their phonetic as well as semantic values. Based on the Man'yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct morae . Texts written with Man'yōgana use two different sets of kanji for each of the morae now pronounced き (ki), ひ (hi), み (mi), け (ke), へ (he), め (me), こ (ko), そ (so), と (to), の (no), も (mo), よ (yo) and ろ (ro). (The Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87. The distinction between mo 1 and mo 2 apparently
9324-488: The Ryūkyūan languages as dialects of Japanese. The imperial court also seems to have spoken an unusual variant of the Japanese of the time, most likely the spoken form of Classical Japanese , a writing style that was prevalent during the Heian period , but began to decline during the late Meiji period . The Ryūkyūan languages are classified by UNESCO as 'endangered', as young people mostly use Japanese and cannot understand
9450-543: The addition of a collective suffix (a noun suffix that indicates a group), such as -tachi , but this is not a true plural: the meaning is closer to the English phrase "and company". A group described as Tanaka-san-tachi may include people not named Tanaka. Some Japanese nouns are effectively plural, such as hitobito "people" and wareware "we/us", while the word tomodachi "friend" is considered singular, although plural in form. Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are two: past and present (or non-past) which
9576-538: The bluish color of stones. Single words for blue/green are also found in Mayan languages ; for example, in the Yucatec Maya language , yax is ' blue/green ' . Tupian languages did not originally differ between the two colors, though they may now as a result of interference of Spanish (in the case of Guaraní ) or Portuguese (in the case of Nheengatu ). The Tupi word oby /ɔˈβɨ/ meant both, as does
9702-564: The center of the city, it contains a public beach, water gardens , various ornamental trees, and the Aomori City Baseball Stadium . Other parks in the city include the centrally-located Aoimori Park , Aoimori Central Park , and Nogiwa Park . Aomori Nebuta Matsuri is a famous festival performed from 2–7 August annually and is listed as one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan by the Japanese Ministry of
9828-583: The city center dating to 5500–4000 BC, and the Komakino Site slightly farther south dating to around 4000 BC. The large scale of these settlements revolutionized theories on Jōmon period civilization. During the Heian period , the area was part of the holdings of the Northern Fujiwara clan, but remained inhabited by the Emishi people well into the historic period. After the fall of
9954-471: The city economy, with manufacturing forming 16.2% and the service sector forming 78.2%. Aomori is the only prefectural capital in Japan which has no national university , instead, nearby Hirosaki became the site for the prefecture's highest educational facility. The city has 45 public elementary schools and 19 public junior high schools operated by the city government, as well as two private junior high schools. The city has 10 public high schools operated by
10080-467: The city's total area of 824.61 km (318.38 sq mi). Aomori is one of Japan's 62 core cities and the core of the Aomori metropolitan area . Aomori is located in central Aomori Prefecture, the northernmost prefecture of Honshu . It is located in the northeastern part of the Tsugaru region, which refers to the western half of the prefecture, and is centered on Aomori Plain, facing Aomori Bay,
10206-427: The colors பச்சை paccai ' green ' , நீலம் nīlam ' blue ' , and கருப்பு karuppu ' black ' . The prefix karu- would indicate dark colors while the suffix -iḷam would indicate light colors. Thus, கரும்பச்சை karumpaccai would be dark green. The Telugu language uses a single word, పచ్చ pacca , for green and yellow. To differentiate between the two shades, another word
10332-464: The colors described in English as "blue" and "green" are colexified , i.e., expressed using a single umbrella term . To render this ambiguous notion in English, linguists use the blend word grue , from green and blue , a term coined by the philosopher Nelson Goodman —with an unrelated meaning—in his 1955 Fact, Fiction, and Forecast to illustrate his " new riddle of induction ". The exact definition of "blue" and "green" may be complicated by
10458-523: The effect of changing Japanese into a mora-timed language. Late Middle Japanese covers the years from 1185 to 1600, and is normally divided into two sections, roughly equivalent to the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period , respectively. The later forms of Late Middle Japanese are the first to be described by non-native sources, in this case the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries; and thus there
10584-426: The exclusion of yellow. Like Russian and Italian, Hebrew has a separate name for light blue ( תכלת , tekhelet )—the color of the sky and of tzitzit on the tallit , a ritual garment. This color has special symbolic significance in both Judaism and Jewish culture. The Choctaw language has two words, okchʋko and okchʋmali , which have different meanings depending on the source. In 1852 okchakko
10710-423: The first appearance of European loanwords . The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo ) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese
10836-609: The genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech. Early Middle Japanese is the Japanese of the Heian period , from 794 to 1185. It formed the basis for the literary standard of Classical Japanese , which remained in common use until the early 20th century. During this time, Japanese underwent numerous phonological developments, in many cases instigated by an influx of Chinese loanwords . These included phonemic length distinction for both consonants and vowels , palatal consonants (e.g. kya ) and labial consonant clusters (e.g. kwa ), and closed syllables . This had
10962-458: The languages of the original Jōmon inhabitants, including the ancestor of the modern Ainu language . Because writing had yet to be introduced from China, there is no direct evidence, and anything that can be discerned about this period must be based on internal reconstruction from Old Japanese , or comparison with the Ryukyuan languages and Japanese dialects . The Chinese writing system
11088-449: The languages. Okinawan Japanese is a variant of Standard Japanese influenced by the Ryūkyūan languages, and is the primary dialect spoken among young people in the Ryukyu Islands . Modern Japanese has become prevalent nationwide (including the Ryūkyū islands) due to education , mass media , and an increase in mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration. Japanese is a member of
11214-427: The large quantity of English loanwords, modern Japanese has developed a distinction between [tɕi] and [ti] , and [dʑi] and [di] , with the latter in each pair only found in loanwords. Although Japanese is spoken almost exclusively in Japan, it has also been spoken outside of the country. Before and during World War II , through Japanese annexation of Taiwan and Korea , as well as partial occupation of China ,
11340-454: The latter of which is often described as dark blue or ultramarine . The Serbo-Croatian color system makes a distinction between blue, green and black: Modra may also mean dark blue and dark purple that are used to describe colours of a bruise, modrica . Native speakers cannot pinpoint a color on the spectrum which would correspond to modra . Sinje , cognate to Bulgarian синьо sinyo and Russian синий siniy ,
11466-525: The modern vernacular, qīng ( 青 ), is also used in many contexts. The character depicts the budding of a young plant and it could be understood as " verdant ", but the word is used to describe colors ranging from light and yellowish green through deep blue all the way to black, as in xuánqīng ( 玄青 ). For example, the flag of the Republic of China is referred to as qīng tiān, bái rì, mǎn dì hóng ( 青天，白日，滿地紅 , ' A Blue Sky, White Sun, and Wholly Red Earth ' ) whereas qīngcài ( 青菜 )
11592-476: The native words for "blue" and "green" end in the same syllable: pughaw and lunhaw , respectively. Pughaw means sky blue, while lunhaw is fresh leaf green (i.e., neither brownish nor yellowish). Humor and jokes of a sexual or derogatory nature that would otherwise be described as "blue" in English (e.g., " blue comedy ", " blue joke ") are called "green" in Philippine English . This
11718-412: The new and expanded city of Aomori; but lost a portion of Namioka to the town of Fujisaki (from Minamitsugaru District ) on 1 September 2007. Aomori has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 35 members. The city also contributes 10 members of the 48 member Aomori Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city falls within
11844-504: The only country where it is the national language , and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language . There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as the Ainu , Austronesian , Koreanic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little
11970-425: The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Japanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions. The basic sentence structure is topic–comment . For example, Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu ( こちらは田中さんです ). kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by
12096-468: The opening of the Tōhoku Expressway . Construction began on a new airport within the city of Aomori in 1982. Aomori's landmark pyramidal Aomori Prefecture Tourist Center opened in 1986. The new airport was completed on 19 July 1987. On 1 October 2002, Aomori was proclaimed a core city , granting it an increased level of local autonomy. On 1 April 2005, Aomori absorbed the town of Namioka to create
12222-470: The out-group gives a benefit to the in-group, and "up" to indicate the in-group gives a benefit to the out-group. Here, the in-group includes the speaker and the out-group does not, and their boundary depends on context. For example, oshiete moratta ( 教えてもらった ) (literally, "explaining got" with a benefit from the out-group to the in-group) means "[he/she/they] explained [it] to [me/us]". Similarly, oshiete ageta ( 教えてあげた ) (literally, "explaining gave" with
12348-415: The particle wa . The verb desu is a copula , commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"), though technically it holds no meaning and is used to give a sentence 'politeness'. As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mx Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like many other Asian languages,
12474-475: The past 40 years. The original name of the Aomori was Utō, named for the Rhinoceros auklet ( ウトウ ) , a seabird that is closely related to the puffin . In 1626 the name was changed to Aomori ( 青森 ) "blue forest" , but this was not fully embraced until 1783. Aomori literally means blue forest, although it could possibly be translated as " green forest". The name is generally considered to refer to
12600-481: The proposed larger Altaic family, or to various Southeast Asian languages , especially Austronesian . None of these proposals have gained wide acceptance (and the Altaic family itself is now considered controversial). As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Other theories view the Japanese language as an early creole language formed through inputs from at least two distinct language groups, or as
12726-455: The record low of −24.7 °C (−12 °F) was recorded 14 years earlier. In contrast, Sapporo 's heaviest snowfall which occurred in 1939 was 164 cm (65 in), and Wakkanai which is located further north has recorded similar maxima. The particularly heavy snow is caused by several winds that collide around the city and make the air rise and cool, resulting in quick, thick cloud formation followed by intense precipitation . In summer,
12852-414: The same kanji character as the Chinese qīng , can refer to either blue or green depending on the situation. Modern Japanese has a word for green ( 緑 , midori ) , but it is a relatively recent usage. Ancient Japanese did not have this distinction: the word midori came into use only in the Heian period and, at that time and for a long time thereafter, midori was still considered
12978-534: The same Proto-Indo-European word for yellow ( * ghel ). Several other words in Latvian have been derived from these colors, namely grass is called zāle (from zaļš ), while the name for iris is zīlīte (from zils ). The now archaic word mēļš was used to describe both dark blue and black (probably indicating that previously zils was used only for lighter shades of blue). For instance, blueberries are called mellenes . In Latvian black
13104-446: The same meaning. The Kannada language distinguishes between blue ( neeli ನೀಲಿ ), green ( hasiru ಹಸಿರು ) and yellow ( haladi ಹಳದಿ ). The prefix kadu- ( ಕಡು- ) would indicate darker colors while the prefix tili- ( ತಿಳಿ- ) would indicate light colors. Thus kaduneeli ( ಕಡುನೀಲಿ ) would mean dark/deep blue, while tilineeli ( ತಿಳಿನೀಲಿ ) would mean light blue. The Tamil language distinguishes between
13230-459: The same structure as affirmative sentences, but with intonation rising at the end. In the formal register, the question particle -ka is added. For example, ii desu ( いいです ) "It is OK" becomes ii desu-ka ( いいですか。 ) "Is it OK?". In a more informal tone sometimes the particle -no ( の ) is added instead to show a personal interest of the speaker: Dōshite konai-no? "Why aren't (you) coming?". Some simple queries are formed simply by mentioning
13356-612: The second syllables is derived from the Chinese: 藍 and 綠 respectively, sometimes skipping the syllable xanh , for blue and green, respectively, in formal or scientific speech. Xanh can also be used singularly for any color that is the shade in between blue and green inclusively. Modern Mongolian makes a distinction between green ( ногоон , nogoon ) and blue, which has separate categories for light blue ( цэнхэр , tsenher ) and dark blue ( хөх , höh ). Historically, Mongolian included greens such as fresh grass in
13482-633: The singular importance as the terminus of these rail lines and the Seikan Ferry , which officially opened in 1908. The 8th Division of the Imperial Japanese Army were stationed in Aomori from 1896. In the winter of 1902, 199 of 210 soldiers on a military cold-weather readiness exercise perished while attempting to cross the Hakkōda Mountains from Aomori to Towada in what was later called the Hakkōda Mountains incident . Much of
13608-597: The speakers not primarily distinguishing the hue, but using terms that describe other color components such as saturation and luminosity, or other properties of the object being described. For example, "blue" and "green" might be distinguished, but a single term might be used for both if the color is dark. Furthermore, green might be associated with yellow, and blue with either black or gray. According to Brent Berlin and Paul Kay 's 1969 study Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution , distinct terms for brown , purple , pink , orange , and gray will not emerge in
13734-429: The spectrum (red–orange–yellow–green– голубой / goluboy (sky blue, light azure, but does not equal cyan )– синий / siniy ("true" deep blue , like synthetic ultramarine )–violet) while in English the light blues like azure and cyan are considered mere shades of "blue" and not different colors. The Russian word for "green" is зелёный zielioniy . To better understand this, consider that English makes
13860-817: The state as at the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese during the South Seas Mandate over the island shown by the 1958 census of the Trust Territory of the Pacific that found that 89% of Palauans born between 1914 and 1933 could speak and read Japanese, but as of the 2005 Palau census there were no residents of Angaur that spoke Japanese at home. Japanese dialects typically differ in terms of pitch accent , inflectional morphology , vocabulary , and particle usage. Some even differ in vowel and consonant inventories, although this
13986-481: The street. (grammatically incorrect insertion of a pronoun) But one can grammatically say essentially the same thing in Japanese: 驚いた彼は道を走っていった。 Transliteration: Odoroita kare wa michi o hashitte itta. (grammatically correct) This is partly because these words evolved from regular nouns, such as kimi "you" ( 君 "lord"), anata "you" ( あなた "that side, yonder"), and boku "I" ( 僕 "servant"). This
14112-592: The topic with an interrogative intonation to call for the hearer's attention: Kore wa? "(What about) this?"; O-namae wa? ( お名前は？ ) "(What's your) name?". Negatives are formed by inflecting the verb. For example, Pan o taberu ( パンを食べる。 ) "I will eat bread" or "I eat bread" becomes Pan o tabenai ( パンを食べない。 ) "I will not eat bread" or "I do not eat bread". Plain negative forms are i -adjectives (see below) and inflect as such, e.g. Pan o tabenakatta ( パンを食べなかった。 ) "I did not eat bread". Distinguishing blue from green in language#Japanese In many languages,
14238-529: The town burned down in a large fire on 3 May 1910. The port facilities were expanded in 1924, and the city received its first bus services in 1926. Japan Air Transport began scheduled air services from 1937. Towards the final stages of World War II , on the night of 28–29 July 1945, Aomori was subject to an air raid as part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States against military and civilian targets and population centers during
14364-419: The two consonants are the moraic nasal followed by a homorganic consonant. Japanese also includes a pitch accent , which is not represented in moraic writing; for example [haꜜ.ɕi] ("chopsticks") and [ha.ɕiꜜ] ("bridge") are both spelled はし ( hashi ) , and are only differentiated by the tone contour. Japanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb . Unlike many Indo-European languages ,
14490-577: The two methods were both used in writing until the 1940s. Bungo still has some relevance for historians, literary scholars, and lawyers (many Japanese laws that survived World War II are still written in bungo , although there are ongoing efforts to modernize their language). Kōgo is the dominant method of both speaking and writing Japanese today, although bungo grammar and vocabulary are occasionally used in modern Japanese for effect. The 1982 state constitution of Angaur , Palau , names Japanese along with Palauan and English as an official language of
14616-480: The two terms (''hyōjungo'' and ''kyōtsūgo'') are almost the same. Hyōjungo or kyōtsūgo is a conception that forms the counterpart of dialect. This normative language was born after the Meiji Restoration ( 明治維新 , meiji ishin , 1868) from the language spoken in the higher-class areas of Tokyo (see Yamanote ). Hyōjungo is taught in schools and used on television and in official communications. It
14742-407: The verb (e.g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the -k- in the final mora of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form (e.g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ , where modern Japanese just has hayaku , though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu "good morning"; this ending
14868-423: The west and the former Nambu territories in the east, the prefectural capital was relocated from Hirosaki to the more centrally-located Aomori immediately after the merger and the prefecture was renamed Aomori Prefecture on 23 September 1871. However, the municipality of Aomori was not given town status within Higashitsugaru District until 1 April 1889, with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. It
14994-475: The word xanh . This is a colloquial rendering of thanh 靑 , as with Chinese and Japanese. In modern usage, blue and green are dislexified . Shades of blue are specifically described as xanh da trời ' blue skin of sky ' , or xanh dương, xanh nước biển , ' blue of ocean ' . Green is described as xanh lá cây ' green of leaves ' . Vietnamese occasionally employs the terms xanh lam ' blue ' and xanh lục ' green ' in which
15120-548: The world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu , Korean , Chinese , Tibeto-Burman , Uralic , Altaic (or Ural-Altaic ), Austroasiatic , Austronesian and Dravidian . At the fringe, some linguists have even suggested a link to Indo-European languages , including Greek , or to Sumerian . Main modern theories try to link Japanese either to northern Asian languages, like Korean or
15246-539: Was based on 12- to 20-second-long recordings of 135 to 244 phonemes , which 42 students listened to and translated word-for-word. The listeners were all Keio University students who grew up in the Kanto region . There are some language islands in mountain villages or isolated islands such as Hachijō-jima island , whose dialects are descended from Eastern Old Japanese . Dialects of the Kansai region are spoken or known by many Japanese, and Osaka dialect in particular
15372-680: Was imported to Japan from Baekje around the start of the fifth century, alongside Buddhism. The earliest texts were written in Classical Chinese , although some of these were likely intended to be read as Japanese using the kanbun method, and show influences of Japanese grammar such as Japanese word order. The earliest text, the Kojiki , dates to the early eighth century, and was written entirely in Chinese characters, which are used to represent, at different times, Chinese, kanbun , and Old Japanese. As in other texts from this period,
15498-604: Was later designated as a city on 1 April 1898. The Hokkaidō Colonization Office began operations of a ferry service from Aomori to Hakodate in Hokkaido from 1872. In September 1891, Aomori was connected with Tokyo by rail with the opening of the Tōhoku Main Line . The Ōu Main Line running along the Sea of Japan coast opened in December 1894. The development of modern Aomori was primarily due to its prefectural capital status and
15624-474: Was lost immediately following its composition.) This set of morae shrank to 67 in Early Middle Japanese , though some were added through Chinese influence. Man'yōgana also has a symbol for /je/ , which merges with /e/ before the end of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern no )
15750-483: Was not until 1909 that a local scholar claimed that the village of Utō became Aomori. After the Meiji Restoration , the feudal domains were abolished and replaced with prefectures , of which a total of six were initially created in the territory of modern Aomori Prefecture. These were merged into the short-lived Hirosaki Prefecture in July 1871. However, due to the historic enmity between the former Tsugaru territories in
15876-412: Was rebuilt in 1626 under orders of the daimyō , Tsugaru Nobuhira and renamed "Aomori", but this name did not come into common use until after 1783; however, the historical accuracy of this claim is debated since there is no written material from the time to definitively connect Utō to Aomori. Some evidence even claims that Aomori and Utō co-existed in different parts of the city in its current state. It
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