Harari is an Ethiopian Semitic language spoken by the Harari people of Ethiopia . Old Harari is a literary language of the city of Harar, a central hub of Islam in Horn of Africa. According to the 2007 Ethiopian census, it is spoken by 25,810 people. Harari is closely related to the Eastern Gurage languages , Zay , and Silt'e , all of whom are believed to be linked to the now extinct Semitic Harla language. Locals or natives of Harar refer to their language as Gēy Sinan or Gēy Ritma ' language of the City ' ( Gēy is the word for how Harari speakers refer to the city of Harar , whose name is an exonym ). According to Wolf Leslau , Sidama is the substratum language of Harari and influenced the vocabulary greatly. He identified unique Cushitic loanwords found only in Harari and deduced that it may have Cushitic roots.
6-469: Sheikh Abaadir Umar Al-Rida ( Harari : አባዲር ዑመር አል-ሪዳ ፈቂ ዑመር, Somali : Abaadir Umar Al-Rida , Arabic : الفقيه ابادر عمر الرضا ), also known as Aw Abadir or Aw Badir was the legendary founder of Harar and a patron saint in modern-day eastern Ethiopia . The modern Harari people regard him as their common ancestor, as does the Somali Sheekhal clan. Aw Abadir is the main figure in
12-699: A version of the Arabic script, then the Ethiopic script was adopted to write the language. Some Harari speakers in diaspora write their language with the Latin alphabet. Palatal Wolf Leslau discusses Harari–East Gurage phonology and grammar: The noun has two numbers, singular and plural. The affix -ač changes singulars into plurals: Nouns ending in a or i become plural without reduplicating this letter: /s/ alternates with /z/: Masculine nouns may be converted into feminines by three processes. The first changes
18-540: The Fath Madinat Al Harar , an unpublished history of Harar in the 13th century. According to the account, he along with several other religious leaders traveled to Harar from the Hijaz region of present-day Saudi Arabia in 612H (1216 AD). Sheikh Umar Al-Rida subsequently married a local Harari woman, and constructed the city's Jamia mosque . Harari language Harari was originally written with
24-472: The same way attached pronouns are affixed to verbs: The demonstrative pronouns are: The interrogative pronouns are the following: The following are the two auxiliary verbs: Past tense Present tense Imperative Prohibitive Past tense (Affirmative form) (Negative form) Present tense. (Affirmative form) (Negative form) Harari was originally written in an unmodified and later modified Arabic Script . The Ethiopic script
30-437: The terminal vowel into -it , or adds -it to the terminal consonant: Animals of different sexes have different names. and this forms the second process: The third and the most common way of expressing sex is by means of korma ' male or man ' and inistí ' woman, female ' , corresponding to English "he-" and "she-": The affixed pronouns or possessives attached to nouns are: Singular. Plural. In
36-559: Was then adopted to write Harari. There is a Latin version of the script used by the Harari diaspora. Harari can be written in the unmodified Ethiopic script as most vowel differences can be disambiguated from context. The Harari adaptation of the Ethiopic script adds a long vowel version of the Ethiopic/Amharic vowels by adding a dot on top of the letter. In addition certain consonants are pronounced differently when compared to
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