32-552: Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (14 April 1925 – 8 April 2010), also commonly referred to as Bishop Muzorewa , was a Zimbabwean bishop and politician who served as the first and only Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia from the Internal Settlement to the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979. A United Methodist Church bishop and nationalist leader, he held office for less than a year. Muzorewa
64-775: A Master of Arts from Scarritt (now a conference center). In July 1963, Muzorewa became pastor of Old Umtali. A year later he was appointed National Director of the Christian Youth Movement and was seconded to the Christian Council. In 1966, he became Secretary of the Student Christian Movement. In 1968, at Masera in Botswana , he was consecrated as the United Methodist Church 's Bishop of Rhodesia . In 1971
96-867: A little below the birth rate of around 27 per 1000. ZimStat released the 2022 Population and Housing Census Preliminary Results which showed that Zimbabwe's population had increased by 16.2% and stood at 15.1 million people as at 20 April 2022 Based on the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects , the population of Zimbabwe was estimated by the United Nations at 15,993,524 in 2021. About 38.9% comprised youths under 15, while another 56.9% grouped persons aged between 15 and 65 years. Only around 4.2% of citizens were apparently over 65. Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020): Registration of vital events in Zimbabwe
128-517: A substantial influx of emigrants from the United Kingdom—a handful previously resided in other colonies such as India, Pakistan and Kenya . Also represented on a much smaller scale were individuals of Afrikaner , Greek , and Portuguese origin. After Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965, Ian Smith 's administration removed technical obstacles to immigration from southern Europe . A heavily urbanised Coloured population
160-593: A wife and three sons, who lived with him in prefabricated student housing, while his sons attended a segregated school. His youngest son Wesley and playmate Mark Elrod (son of the college librarian J. McRee Elrod ) attempted to integrate the ice cream counter of the local drug store, but were turned away. When Elrod took Muzorewa to visit Scarritt College for Christian Workers in Nashville, Tennessee, they were turned away from an eating facility, an incident he mentions in his autobiography. However, he later graduated as
192-793: Is descended, partially, from early unions between White Rhodesian settlers and local Black African females. Many, however, can also trace their ancestry to the Dutch/Khoisan mulatto clans of the Cape . With the exception of a select few who were brought to Zimbabwe as railroad workers, most Asians in Zimbabwe arrived from India pursuing employment or entrepreneurship . An educated class, they have traditionally engaged in retail trade or manufacturing. Zimbabwe has 16 official languages: Chewa , Chibarwe , English, Kalanga , Koisan , Nambya , Ndau , Ndebele , Shangani , Shona , sign language , Sotho , Tonga , Tswana , Venda , and Xhosa . English
224-465: Is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Fertility data as of 2010-2011 (DHS Program): Life expectancy from 1950 to 2021 ( UN World Population Prospects ): According to 2012 Census report, 99.6% of the population is of African origin. Of the rest of
256-523: Is often mixed with enduring traditional beliefs. Besides Christianity, ancestral worship (Amadlozi) is the most practised non-Christian religion which involves ancestor worship and spiritual intercession. Under 1% of the population is Muslim , although many Zimbabweans are influenced by Abrahamic food laws. According to the United Nations World Health Organization , the average life expectancy for men in 2006
288-419: Is widely used in administration, law and schools, though less than 2.5%, mainly the white and Coloured (mixed race) minorities, consider it their native language. The rest of the population speak Shona (70%) and Ndebele (20%), Kalanga (2%), etc. Shona has a rich oral tradition, which was incorporated into the first Shona novel, Feso by Solomon Mutswairo , published in 1956. English is spoken primarily in
320-640: The 2008 presidential election . Muzorewa died aged 84 from cancer at his home in Harare on 8 April 2010. The Director of Christian Care, Reverend Forbes Matonga, described Muzorewa's legacy as including "his role in the country's transition to independence, the Methodist Church and the founding of Africa University in the eastern Zimbabwean city of Mutare ". Political commentator John Makumbe said Muzorewa's legacy in Zimbabwe would be that of "a man of peace". Bishop Muzorewa and his wife are buried at
352-759: The CIA World Factbook , unless otherwise indicated. Protestant 74.8% (includes Apostolic 37.5%, Pentecostal 21.8%, other 15.5%), Roman Catholic 7.3%, other Christian 5.3%, traditional 1.5%, Muslim 0.5%, other 0.1%, none 10.5% (2015 est.) (2011 est.) total population 47.55 years male 47.98 years female 47.11 years (2010 est.) definition* age 15 and over can read and write English [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA . (Archived 2007 edition.) Josiah Zion Gumede Josiah Zion Gumede GCLM MBE (19 September 1919 – 28 March 1989)
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#1732771889814384-713: The Cape Province (South Africa) in 1946. He taught at various mission and government schools and ended his teaching career as a headmaster. He was the assistant information and education attache for the Government of Rhodesia and Nyasaland at Rhodesia House in London between 1960 and 1962, before being appointed First Secretary in the office of the Commissioner for Rhodesia and Nyasaland in Nairobi. He then joined
416-632: The South African government . Two days later Mugabe warned Ndabaningi Sithole and Joshua Nkomo against 'conspiring'. Muzorewa then went on a hunger strike, which lasted from 3 to 11 November. Muzorewa stood against Mugabe in the presidential election of 1996 , but pulled out after the Supreme Court turned down his bid to postpone the elections on the basis that the electoral rules were unfair (as state funds were only available to parties with 15 or more seats in parliament ). He remained on
448-622: The British government struck a deal with Ian Smith that provided for a transition to "majority rule" in exchange for an end to sanctions against the government. Muzorewa joined an inexperienced cleric, the Reverend Canaan Banana , to form the United African National Council (UANC) to oppose the settlement, under the acronym NIBMAR ( no independence before majority rule ). The proposed referendum
480-794: The Ministry of External Affairs (1963–1965). He was at one time general secretary for the then African Teachers' Association of Rhodesia ; a member of the Wankie Disaster Relief Fund's Board of Trustees; a director of the Tribal Trust Land Development Corporation; and a board member of the National Free Library of Rhodesia. He was also an ordained elder of the Presbyterian Church of South Africa. Gumede
512-490: The Old Mutare Mission Station, Mutare, Manicaland Province . Demographics of Zimbabwe Demographic features of the population of Zimbabwe include population density , ethnicity , education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The population of Zimbabwe has grown during the 20th century. This is in accordance with
544-521: The UANC was the only legal black party, since it rejected violence. On 3 March 1978, Muzorewa, Sithole and other non-exiled leaders signed an agreement at Government House, Salisbury , which paved the way for the interim government, the leadership of which was an Executive Council made up of Muzorewa, Sithole and Jeremiah Chirau , along with Ian Smith. This Executive Council was to run the affairs of state prior to elections taking place. A new constitution
576-520: The ballot and won 4.8% of the popular vote. On 21 June 2007, Muzorewa said citizens, black and white alike, came to his house and asked him to run for president. He said Zimbabwe was "bleeding, economically and socially. It is painful to listen to them talk." He asked people to pray that negotiations between ZANU-PF and the MDC, mediated by South African President Thabo Mbeki , would be successful and for Zimbabwe's "salvation." Ultimately Muzorewa did not run in
608-704: The cities, but less so in rural areas. Television news is broadcast in English, Shona and Ndebele though the local languages time slot falls out of prime viewing time, but radio broadcasts in English, Ndebele, Shona, Kalanga, Nambya, Venda, Suthu and Tonga. English, Ndebele and Shona are given far more airtime. Christians comprise 85% of the Zimbabwean population. Of that number, 61% regularly attend Christian churches . The largest Christian churches are Anglican, Roman Catholic, Seventh Day Adventist and Methodist. However, like most former European colonies , Christianity
640-499: The country once again became the British colony of Southern Rhodesia pending elections. Parliamentary elections took place at the end of February 1980, after a campaign filled with much intimidation by Mugabe's ZANU. The British government briefly considered disqualifying ZANU from participating in the elections for flagrant violation of the Lancaster House Agreement, but in the end did nothing. On 4 March 1980,
672-405: The country's name was changed to Zimbabwe Rhodesia . However, the war that Smith hoped to stem as a result of the settlement continued unabated. Mugabe and Nkomo rejected the settlement, ending any realistic chance for Muzorewa to gain any international legitimacy. While ZANU and ZAPU could have taken part in the elections if they laid down their arms, they refused to do so. The internal settlement
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#1732771889814704-623: The elections resulted in a majority for Mugabe and ZANU. The UANC won only three out of 80 seats reserved for Africans in the House of Assembly. Under Mugabe, "Zimbabwe Rhodesia" became the Republic of Zimbabwe, or " Zimbabwe ". Muzorewa visited Israel on 21 October 1983. He urged Mugabe to establish diplomatic relations, saying his political policies hurt Zimbabwe's agriculture and technology industries. The Zimbabwean government arrested Muzorewa on 1 November on charges of conspiring against Mugabe for
736-479: The model of a developing country with high birth rates and falling death rates, resulting in relatively high population growth rate (around 3% or above in the 1960s and early 1970s). After a spurt in the period 1980-1983 following independence, a decline in birth rates set in. Since 1991, however, there has been a jump in death rates from a low of 10 per 1000 in 1985 to a high of 25 per 1000 in 2002/2003. It has since subsided to just under 22 per 1000 (estimate for 2007)
768-436: The population, the great bulk—perhaps 30,000 persons —are White Zimbabweans of European ancestry, a minority which had diminished in size prior to independence. The vast black majority has grown at a projected annual rate of 4.3% since 1980. Although present figures are difficult to ascertain, the white community once reproduced itself at an annual rate (under 1.5%) similar to that of most totals in developed nations . Of
800-612: The two major ethnolinguistic categories, Shona speakers formed a decisive plurality at (80<)% and occupied the eastern two-thirds of Zimbabwe. Ndebele speakers constitute about 16%, and none of the other indigenous ethnic groups came to as much as 2% in recent decades. African speakers of nonindigenous languages included migrant workers from Malawi , Zambia , and Mozambique . Over 90% of White Zimbabweans are of British or British diasporan origin; at various times, many emigrated from South Africa and elsewhere. After World War II , Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia ) received
832-544: Was 37 years and for women was 34 years of age, the lowest in the world at the time. An association of doctors in Zimbabwe have made calls for President Mugabe to make moves to assist the ailing health service. Since then it has recovered, and the figures for 2010 to 2015 were 53 and 54 for men and women respectively. The following demographic statistics of Zimbabwe in 2022 are from the World Population Review. The following demographic statistics are from
864-574: Was also condemned by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 423 of 1978, which declared any settlement drafted under the "illegal racist minority regime" to be "illegal and unacceptable." The British government asked all parties to come to London for negotiations to find a lasting solution to the Bush War . Nkomo and Mugabe attended the conference under the "Patriotic Front" (PF) banner. The conference
896-574: Was drafted reserving 10 seats in the Senate and 28 seats in the House of Assembly for the white minority , and a quarter of the Cabinet positions. The constitution was approved in a nearly whites-only referendum that took place in January 1979. An overwhelming majority of 85% voted yes. Elections were held, and the UANC won. Josiah Gumede was the first President , Muzorewa became prime minister and
928-578: Was held from 10 September to 15 December 1979, under the chairmanship of Lord Carrington , the British Foreign Secretary. Muzorewa was persuaded to accept fresh elections, to be held in early 1980. In accordance with the final agreement, Muzorewa's government revoked the Unilateral Declaration of Independence on 11 December 1979 and dissolved itself. As part of a transition to internationally recognised independence,
960-730: Was the eldest of a lay preacher's five children and was educated at the United Methodist School, Old Umtali, near Mutare . He was a school teacher at Mrewa between 1943 and 1947 before becoming a full-time lay preacher at Mtoko between 1947 and 1949. He then studied theology at Old Umtali Biblical College (1949–1952) and was ordained a Minister at Umtali in August 1953. He was a pastor at Chiduku, near Rusape, from 1955 to 1958. Muzorewa attended Central College in Fayette, Missouri, later Central Methodist University . By then he had
992-731: Was the first and only president of the self-proclaimed, and internationally unrecognised, state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia during 1979, before Rhodesia briefly reverted to British rule until the country's independence as Zimbabwe in 1980. Josiah Gumede was born in Bembesi, in the Bubi District (now in Matabeleland North ) of Southern Rhodesia . He was educated at the David Livingstone Memorial Mission and Matopo Mission before matriculating in
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1024-663: Was withdrawn and Muzorewa found himself a national leader and an international personality. The government opposition movements—the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) of Reverend Ndabaningi Sithole and the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) of Joshua Nkomo —both placed themselves under the UANC umbrella even though they had some doubts when Muzorewa founded a national party. After ZANU (led by Robert Mugabe after disagreements with Sithole) and ZAPU undertook guerrilla warfare,
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