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42-783: The town lies on the Abens river, a tributary of the Danube , around eight kilometres from the river's source. The area around Abensberg is characterized by the narrow valley of the Danube, where the Weltenburg Abbey stands, the valley of the Altmühl in the north, a left tributary of the Danube, and the famous Hallertau hops-planting region in the south. The town is divided into the municipalities of Abensberg, Arnhofen, Holzharlanden, Hörlbach, Offenstetten, Pullach and Sandharland. Since

84-644: A Bruckner bust, 131,520 were counted. The Walhalla memorial was reached by the Allied invasion of Germany in April 1945, by the US Third Army led by General George S. Patton . Additions since 1945 are proposed by private individuals or private foundations, who will also pay for the production of the new bust. Suggestions are reviewed by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, based on which a recommendation

126-549: A plaque was added to commemorate the German Resistance against Nazi Germany . Plaque numbers 1–32 represent the upper row, 33–64 the lower row. Each plaque includes a short characterization of the individual, with the year of death given in Roman numerals. The year of death in the table below is that given on the plaque, even where modern historiography suggests a revised date. The 65th plaque, dedicated to

168-730: A plaque with their names tells of their transfer to Walhalla. King Ludwig I himself, who commissioned the Liberation Hall and other monuments, was also enshrined both at Walhalla and in the Ruhmeshalle. Helmuth von Moltke the Elder was the last addition of a military leader (in 1910). After World War I, new additions focussed on artists and intellectuals. Beginning in 1933, when Kraft durch Freude and other National Socialist organizations promoted trips to Walhalla , visitor numbers increased exponentially. In 1937, when Hitler unveiled

210-539: A reputation among connoisseurs as a particular delicacy. In addition to asparagus, the production of hops plays a major role locally, the region having its own label, and there are still three independent breweries in the area. The town of Abensberg marks the start of the Deutsche Hopfenstraße ( German Hops Road ), a nickname given to the Bundesstraße 301, a German federal highway which runs through

252-461: Is a hall of fame Monument that honours laudable and distinguished people in German history  – "politicians, sovereigns, scientists and artists of the German tongue "; thus the celebrities honoured are drawn from Greater Germany , a wider area than today's Germany, and even as far away as Britain in the case of several Anglo-Saxon figures. The hall is a neo-classical building above

294-488: Is a Greek temple in the style of a Doric Peripteros. The roof is supported by an iron structure that was ultra-modern for the time. The length of the classicist temple building is 66.7 meters, the width is 31.6 meters, and the height is 20 meters. The fully sculptural gable field on the north side, designed by Christian Daniel Rauch and executed by Ludwig von Schwanthaler, shows on the left the Germanic tribes under Arminius in

336-648: Is made by the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior . The final decision lies with the Bavarian Council of Ministers. Official practice since 1945 has been to favour "eminent figures from science or art, or individuals with extraordinary social or caritative merit". Nineteen busts have been added between 1945 and 2022, for an average interval of a little below four years between additions: The original busts are arranged in rows by date of death At

378-618: Is the city's most famous son, the founder of the study of history in Bavaria. Aventinus, whose name was real name is Johann or Johannes Turmair ( Aventinus being the Latin name of his birthplace) wrote the Annals of Bavaria , a valuable record of the early history of Germany and the first major written work on the subject. He is commemorated in the Walhalla temple , a monument near Regensburg to

420-796: The Danube River , in Donaustauf , east of Regensburg in Bavaria , the exterior modelled on the Parthenon in Athens . The Walhalla memorial is named for the Valhǫll of Norse Paganism . It was conceived in 1807 by Crown Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria in order to support the gathering momentum for the unification of the many German states into the German Empire . Following his accession to

462-725: The Holy Roman Empire . Whereas the Valhalla of Norse mythology served as home to those gloriously slain in battle, Ludwig intended his Walhalla not only for warriors but also for scientists, writers, and clerics, and specifically included both men and women. Decades before the foundation of the modern German state in 1871 or the clear formation of a modern German identity , "German" was initially understood as " Germanic " and included all ancient Germanic peoples as well as medieval Dutch , Swedish , Russian , and modern Austrian and Swiss figures. Leo von Klenze's plans reveal

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504-585: The House of Wittelsbach , the rulers of Bavaria. The swords recall the Battle of Abensberg. The district of Offenstetten previously possessed its own coat of arms. The area around Abensberg, the so-called sand belt between Siegburg , Neustadt an der Donau , Abensberg and Langquaid , is used for the intensive farming of asparagus , due to the optimal soil condition and climate. 212 hectares of land can produce ninety-four asparagus plants. Abensberg asparagus enjoys

546-775: The 1815 creation of the German Confederation ; the northern pediment frieze features scenes from the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest of 9 AD. According to Pictorial Travels Continentally Described (circa 1892), the construction of the building cost £666,666. A two thaler coin was minted commemorating the opening of the Walhalla, Krause catalog number KM# 811. It is moderately scarce. At Walhalla's inauguration on October 18, 1842, there were 96 busts, plus 64 plaques for persons or events of which no portrait

588-614: The 1950s, Abensberg and the surrounding villages contained a number of graves of victims of a Death March in the spring of 1945 from the Hersbruck sub-camp of the Dachau concentration camp , who were either murdered by the SS or died of exhaustion. They were originally buried where they died, but were later moved on the orders of the US military government to the cemeteries of their previous homes. At

630-519: The Bavarian coat of arms was ever used. On 31 December 1809, a decree of King Maximilian of Bavaria granted the city a new coat of arms, as a recognition of their (mainly humanitarian and logistic) services in the Battle of Abensberg the same year. The diagonally divided field in silver and black came from the old crest of the Counts of Abensberg, while the white and blue diamonds came from that of

672-668: The Fourth Coalition (1806–1807) pitted German forces on both sides against each other, and Napoleon again prevailed. In 1807, 20-year-old Crown Prince Ludwig of the Kingdom of Bavaria (newly elevated from Electorate to Kingdom by Napoleon in 1806), had the idea of reminding all Germans of their common heritage – of the great figures and events in ethnic German history. He commissioned several sculptors to create busts of famous individuals of his choice. Johann Gottfried Schadow 's bust of Nicolaus Copernicus became one of

714-718: The Johann-Turmair- Realschule (secondary modern school). There is also a College of Agriculture and Home Economics. Since 2007, the Kelheim Berufsschule has had a campus in Abensberg, and outside the state sector is the St. Francis Vocational Training Centre, run by a Catholic youth organisation. In 2008, a former goods shed by the main railway station of Abensberg was converted into a theatre by local volunteers. The "Theater am Bahnhof" ( Theatre at

756-681: The Railway Station ) is mostly used by the Theatergruppe Lampenfieber and was opened on 19 October 2008. Abensberg has a long tradition of museums. In the nineteenth century, Nicholas Stark und Peter Paul Dollinger began a collection based on local history. This collection and the collection of the Heimatverein (local history society) were united in 1963 into the Aventinus Museum, in the cloister of

798-628: The Swedish general, Carl Gustaf Wrangel . During the War of the Spanish Succession emperor Leopold I , who had occupied Bavaria, granted the fief of Abensberg to count Ernst von Abensperg und Traun (1608–1668) from an Austrian noble family named Traun that now received the name of the former counts of Abensberg (who were believed to be distant relatives). After the occupation ended, he was however dispossessed. Johannes Aventinus (1477–1534)

840-527: The administrative reforms in Bavaria in the 1970s, the town also encompasses the following Ortsteile : There had been settlement on this part of the Abens river since long before the High Middle Ages , dating back to Neolithic times. Of particular interest and national importance are the Neolithic flint mines at Arnhofen, where, around 7,000 years ago, Stone Age people made flint, which

882-558: The battle in the Teutoburg Forest against the Romans attacking from the west right. The southern gable represents Germany's liberation in 1814, in the middle Germania, from the left and right the German states and federal fortresses approach in homage, in the spandrel the border rivers Rhine and Moselle are symbolized. Inside, the Walhalla is 48.5 meters long, 14 meters wide and 15.5 meters high. The surrounding frieze by Martin von Wagner depicts

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924-540: The cemetery in what is now the district of Pullach stood a memorial stone which was mentioned as recently as 1967, but which is no longer at the site. The suffering of ten unknown victims of the camp was recorded on the stone. The Wack Hofmeister Stadium , formerly the Altes Stadion Abensberg (the Old Stadium) is a motorcycle speedway and association football stadium located slightly east of

966-666: The centre of Abensberg in Germany. It hosts the speedway team MSC Abensberg and the football team TSV Abensberg 1862. Abens Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 255336183 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 10:40:45 GMT Walhalla temple The Walhalla ( German pronunciation: [valˈhala] )

1008-521: The deaths of the subjects. The Hall of Expectations was abandoned owing to changes in criteria for induction into Walhalla. The first addition to the collection was the bust of Martin Luther . Ludwig, a devout Catholic, had hesitated to include Luther. Several of the sculptors, including Ohnmacht and Schadow, had urged the king to include Luther, as did Johannes von Müller . Ludwig finally commissioned Luther's bust in 1831 from Ernst Friedrich Rietschel. It

1050-607: The distinguished figures of German history. Until 1800, Abensberg was a municipality belonging to the Straubing district of the Electorate of Bavaria . Abensberg also contained a magistrates' court. In the Battle of Abensberg on 19–20 April 1809, Napoleon gained a significant victory over the Austrians under Archduke Ludwig of Austria and General Johann von Hiller . The arms of the city are divided into two halves. On

1092-534: The early history of the Germanic peoples, their departure from the Caucasus and their immigration into Central Europe. The final stage is the conversion to the Christian faith by Saint Boniface. In addition to its decorative function, the history frieze also serves as a visual separation between the lower bust zone and the upper panel zone. There are also twelve marble armchairs in the interior, which were created by

1134-455: The first completed, in 1807. Further suggestions for individuals to be honoured were solicited in 1808 from Swiss historian Johannes von Müller . By the time of Crown Prince Ludwig's coronation as King Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1825, 60 busts had been completed. In 1826 Ludwig commissioned the construction of a memorial above the Danube River , near Regensburg , modelled after the Parthenon in Athens . The southern pediment frieze features

1176-600: The former Carmelite monastery. On 7 July 2006, the new Town Museum of Abensberg was opened in the former duke's castle in the town. Two blocks west of the Old Town is the Kuchlbauer Brewery and beer garden featuring the Kuchlbauer Tower , a colorful and unconventional observation tower designed by Viennese architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser . The brewery and tower are open to the public. Up until

1218-667: The heartland of Germany's hops-growing industry, ending in Freising . The Abensberg railway station is located on the Regensburg–Ingolstadt railway from Regensburg to Ingolstadt . The city can be reached via the A-93 Holledau-Regensburg road (exit Abensberg). Three Bundesstraße (German federal highways) cross south of Abensberg: B 16 , B 299 and B 301. Abensberg has a Grundschule (primary school) and Hauptschule (open admission secondary school), and

1260-719: The inauguration in 1842, a total of 96 busts were arranged, in two rows, in chronological order (by year of death), beginning with Henry the Fowler (d. 936) and ending with Goethe (d. 1832). The upper row comprised 70 busts, beginning with Henry the Fowler and ending with Maria Theresa . The lower row comprised a total of 26 busts of modern scholars, beginning with Lessing and ending with Goethe . Plaques were made for people (or acts) of which no portraits or descriptions were available to model sculptures after. The timeline spans from Arminius a.k.a. Hermann der Cherusker (born 17 BC) to watchmaker Peter Henlein , who died in 1542. In 2003

1302-511: The latter arrived, he was killed by Seitz von Frauenberg. He is buried in the former convent of Abensberg. Abensberg then lost its independence and became a part of the Duchy of Bavaria, and from then on was administered by a ducal official, the so-called caretaker. The castle of Abensberg was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War , although the city had bought a guarantee of protection from

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1344-466: The left are the blue and white rhombuses of Bavaria, while the right half is split into two silver and black triangles. Two diagonally-crossed silver swords with golden handles rest on top. The town has had a coat of arms since 1338, that of the Counts of Abensberg. With the death of the last Count, Nicholas of Abensberg, in 1485, the estates fell to the Duchy of Bavaria-Munich , meaning that henceforth only

1386-525: The purpose of the subterranean level set within the foundation, the entrance to which is visible from the Danube River. The Central Aisle leads to the Hall of Expectations (Halle der Erwartungen), which was meant to house busts of individuals considered worthy of joining Walhalla, but who were still living at the time of their busts' creation. These busts would be ceremoniously carried into Walhalla following

1428-529: The same year), Friedrich Schelling (died 1854, added 1860) and Ludwig van Beethoven (added 1866). In 1853, King Ludwig I established an additional Hall of Fame in Munich, specifically for Bavarians – the Ruhmeshalle . Nine of the Bavarian enshrinees have since become Walhalla enshrinees. Their busts in the Ruhmeshalle were destroyed in 1944, during a bombing raid , and have not been replaced. Instead,

1470-735: The sculptor Ernst Mayer, and eight marble candlesticks. By 1806 Napoleon 's First French Empire had annexed German lands along the Rhine River and the North Sea . Central German states formed the Confederation of the Rhine , which sided with Napoleon. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor , then formally dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (6 August 1806) and instead styled himself Emperor of Austria . The War of

1512-413: The throne of Bavaria, construction took place between 1830 and 1842 under the supervision of the architect Leo von Klenze . The memorial displays some 65 plaques and 130 busts covering 2,000 years of history, beginning with Arminius , victor at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in the year 9 AD. The entire system including the substructure is 125 meters long and 55 meters high, the shape of complex

1554-471: The town, under the name of Habensperch , came from this time, in around 1138. Gebhard was from the Babonen clan. In 1256, the castrum of Abensprech was first mentioned, and on 12 June 1348, Margrave Ludwig of Brandenburg , and his brother, Duke Stephen of Bavaria , raised Abensberg to the status of a city, giving it the right to operate lower courts, enclose itself with a wall and hold markets. The wall

1596-552: Was an autonomous city, it remained dependent on the powerful Dukes of Bavaria . The last Lord of Abensberg, Niclas, Graf von Abensberg , supposedly named after his godfather, Nicholas of Kues , a Catholic cardinal, was murdered in 1485 by Christopher, a Duke of Bavaria-Munich . The year before, Niclas had unchivalrously taken Christopher captive as he bathed before a tournament in Munich. Although Christopher renounced his claim for revenge, he lay in wait for Niclas in Freising. When

1638-465: Was available on which to model a sculpture. When the memorial was opened in 1842, Guido von Lessner authored a poem about Germany's greatness which was set to music by Joseph Hartmann Stuntz. Since being "of the German tongue " was the main selection criterion for the original 160 persons representing the 1,800 years of German history, the king included individuals of the wider Germanic sphere , including ancient Germanic notables as well as people from

1680-595: Was built by Count Ulrich III of Abensberg . Some of the thirty-two round towers and eight turrets are still preserved to this day. In the Middle Ages , the people of Abensberg enjoyed a level of autonomy above their lord. They elected a city council, although only a small number of rich families were eligible for election. In around 1390, the Carmelite Monastery of Our Lady of Abensberg was founded by Count John II and his wife, Agnes. Although Abensberg

1722-499: Was fashioned into drills, blades and arrowheads, and was regarded as the steel of the Stone Age. Traces of over 20,000 individuals were found on this site. The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the third century Roman castra (military outpost) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century. The earliest written reference to

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1764-419: Was not included at the inauguration of Walhalla in 1842, but added in 1848 by Ludwig himself. Luther's bust was placed just after the last of the original busts (Goethe's), disregarding the chronological arrangement by year of death. Four further additions were made during Ludwig's lifetime: Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (died 1847, added 1853), Josef Wenzel Graf Radetzky von Radetz (died 1858, added in

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