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49-649: The Aberdeen Black Cats were a minor league baseball team, based in Aberdeen, Washington that played sporadically in various Washington based leagues between 1903 and 1918. This article about a baseball team in Washington is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Aberdeen, Washington Aberdeen ( / ˈ æ b ər d iː n / AB -ər-deen ) is a city in Grays Harbor County , Washington , United States. The population

98-557: A Carnegie library that was opened in 1908 and replaced in 1966 by the current building, which underwent extensive renovations in 2000. The city's museum was located in a historic armory building that was built in 1922. The building and the museum's collections were destroyed in a major fire in June 2018, including an exhibit on Nirvana . It was the latest of several major fires to have affected Aberdeen. Refugium (population biology) Present examples of refugial animal species are

147-491: A household in the city was $ 30,683, and the median income for a family was $ 37,966. Males had a median income of $ 32,710 versus $ 20,446 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,092. About 16.1% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those ages 65 or over. According to the Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by

196-572: A longstanding refugium, based on the discovery of the "living fossil" of a marine dinoflagellate called Dapsilidinium pastielsii , currently found in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool only. For plants, anthropogenic climate change propels scientific interest in identifying refugial species that were isolated into small or disjunct ranges during glacial episodes of the Pleistocene , yet whose ability to expand their ranges during

245-509: A male householder with no spouse present, and 37.9% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.10. The median age in the city was 35.6 years. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.8% were from 25 to 44; 26% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

294-492: A measure of geodiversity. Because geodiversity has been shown to be correlated with biodiversity, even as species move in response to climate change, protected areas with high geodiversity may continue to protect biodiversity as niches get filled by the influx of species from neighboring areas. Highly geodiverse protected areas may also allow for the movement of species within the area from one land facet or elevation to another. Conservation scientists, however, emphasize that

343-560: A median household income of $ 50,008. Approximately 21.0% of the city's population lives at or below the poverty line . Aberdeen has an estimated 54.6% employment rate, with 16.6% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 84.8% holding a high school diploma. The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (83.7), Spanish (14.1%), Other Indo-European (0.5%), Asian and Pacific Islander (0.9%), and Other (0.8%). The median age in

392-419: A meteor strike, and global, multiyear effects occur. The sweepstake-winning species happens to already be living in a fortunate site, and their environment is rendered even more advantageous, as opposed to the "losing" species, which immediately fails to reproduce. Ecological understanding and geographic identification of climate refugia that remained significant strongholds for plant and animal survival during

441-469: A regional service center for much of the Olympic Peninsula. Grays Harbor Community Hospital employees total more than 600 workers.  Historically the area is dependent on harvesting and exporting natural resources. The Port of Grays Harbor is the largest coastal shipping port north of California. It is still a center for the export of logs on the west coast of the U.S. and has become one of

490-553: A species inhabits during the period of a glacial/interglacial cycle that represents the species' maximum contraction in geographical range," and "areas where local populations of a species can persist through periods of unfavorable regional climate." In systematic conservation planning , the term refugium has been used to define areas that could be used in protected area development to protect species from climate change . The term has been used alternatively to refer to areas with stable habitats or stable climates. More specifically,

539-628: Is home to Grays Harbor College , located in south Aberdeen, and is represented by the Charlie Choker mascot.  The college emphasizes student opportunities and has resources to help students transfer to a four-year college to complete a degree. Aberdeen has the largest public library in Grays Harbor County, which is operated as part of the Timberland Regional Library system. The city originally had

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588-402: Is land and 1.70 square miles (4.40 km ) is water. Aberdeen experiences a climate on the boundary between Mediterranean ( Köppen Csb ) and oceanic (Köppen Cfb ). Although rainfall is extremely high between October and March, July and August still have a distinct excess of evaporation over rainfall. Temperatures are generally very mild due to the proximity of the warm Pacific Ocean and

637-712: Is thought that, during glacial periods of the Quaternary, the Chehalis River was a major refugium for aquatic species, as was the west coast from the Olympic Peninsula southward for plants that later formed the northern part of the Pacific temperate rainforest in formerly glaciated areas. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 12.58 square miles (32.58 km ), of which 10.87 square miles (28.15 km )

686-708: The Pirates of the Caribbean film The Curse of the Black Pearl . Aberdeen is at the eastern end of Grays Harbor, near the mouth of the Chehalis River and southwest of the Olympic Mountains . Grays Harbor is notable as the northernmost ria on North America's Pacific Coast because it has remained free of glaciers throughout the Quaternary due to unfavorable topography and warm temperatures. It

735-526: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2023, there were 77 violent crimes and 587 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of 0 murder, 21 forcible rapes, 14 robberies and 42 aggravated assaults, while 82 burglaries, 435 larceny-thefts, 64 motor vehicle thefts and 6 acts of arson defined the property offenses. Aberdeen and the rest of Grays Harbor remain dependent on timber, fishing, and tourism industries and as

784-552: The Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion found that, in addition to old-growth forest, the northern aspects of hillslopes and deep gorges would provide relatively cool areas for wildlife and seeps or bogs surrounded by mature and old-growth forests would continue to supply moisture even as water availability decreases. Beginning in 2010 the concept of geodiversity (a term used previously in efforts to preserve scientifically important geological features) entered into

833-638: The Kuroshio Current . Snow is very common but usually light, with one exception being December 1964 during which 22.3 inches or 0.57 metres fell. Occasionally, southeasterly winds can cause very high temperatures. For example, in August 1981, the temperature in Aberdeen reached 105 °F (40.6 °C). As of the 2022 American Community Survey , there are 6,441 estimated households in Aberdeen with an average of 2.59 persons per household. The city has

882-542: The Last Glacial Maximum ) in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover . Glacial refugia, where human populations found refuge during the last glacial period, may have played a crucial role in shaping the emergence and diversification of the language families that exist in the world today. More recently, refugia has been used to refer to areas that could offer relative climate stability in

931-568: The mountain gorilla , isolated to specific mountains in central Africa, and the Australian sea lion , isolated to specific breeding beaches along the south-west coast of Australia, due to humans taking so many of their number as game. This resulting isolation, in many cases, can be seen as only a temporary state; however, some refugia may be longstanding, thereby having many endemic species , not found elsewhere, which survive as relict populations. The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool has been proposed to be

980-411: The southern hemisphere .) Each site becomes a refugium, one as a "cold-surviving refugium" and the other as a "hot-surviving refugium". Canyons with deep hidden areas (the opposite of hillsides, mountains, mesas, etc. or other exposed areas) lead to these separate types of refugia. A concept not often referenced is that of "sweepstakes colonization": when a dramatic ecological event occurs, for example

1029-603: The Pacific", as well as  "The Port of Missing Men" due to its high murder rate. One notable resident was Billy Gohl , known locally as Billy "Ghoul", who was rumored to have killed at least 140 men, disposing of the bodies in the Wishkah River. Gohl was ultimately convicted of two murders. Aberdeen was hit hard during the Great Depression , with the number of major local sawmills reduced from 37 to 9. By

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1078-551: The Weatherwax building of Aberdeen High School, built in 1909, burned to the ground in an act of arson. The new building was completed in 2007 and held its grand opening on August 25, 2007. Aberdeen School District also consists of one junior high: Miller Junior High; five elementary schools: Central Park Elementary, McDermoth Elementary, Stevens Elementary, AJ West Elementary and Robert Gray Elementary; and one Roman Catholic parochial school: St. Mary's Catholic School. Aberdeen

1127-665: The Weyerhaeuser Cosmopolis Pulp Mill was purchased by the Beverly Hills-based Gores Group and restarted as Cosmo Specialty Fibers, Inc. They started production of pulp on May 1, 2011. The city had two indoor shopping malls that were developed in the 1970s and early 1980s. The Wishkah Mall east of downtown Aberdeen opened in August 1976 on the riverfront and was followed in August 1981 by the South Shore Mall, which

1176-540: The area may have been a refugium. Moreover, the current distribution of species with narrow ecological requirements tend to be associated with the spatial position of glacial refugia. One can provide a simple explanation of refugia involving core temperatures and exposure to sunlight. In the northern hemisphere , north-facing sites on hills or mountains, and places at higher elevations count as cold sites . The reverse are sun- or heat-exposed, lower-elevation, south-facing sites: hot sites . (The opposite directions apply in

1225-566: The city was 37.1 years. As of the 2020 census , there were 17,013 people, 6,449 households, and 3,881 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,564.7 inhabitants per square mile (604.1/km ). There were 7,236 housing units at an average density of 665.5 inhabitants per square mile (257.0/km ). The racial makeup was 72.19% White , 1.31% African American , 4.01% Native American , 1.85% Asian , 0.21% Pacific Islander , 9.59% from some other races and 10.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 18.86% of

1274-593: The city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 16,461 people, 6,517 households, and 4,112 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,548.8 inhabitants per square mile (598.0/km ). There were 7,536 housing units at an average density of 709.1 inhabitants per square mile (273.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 84.87% White , 0.47% African American , 3.70% Native American , 2.10% Asian , 0.14% Pacific Islander , 5.15% from some other races, and 3.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.22% of

1323-686: The closures from local radio stations who received a press release prior to a scheduled press conference. Major employers in Grays Harbor include Westport Shipyard, Sierra Pacific Industries, the Quinault Indian Nation, The Simpson Door Company, Hoquiam Plywood, Pasha Automotive, Willis Enterprises, Ocean Gold Companies, Vaughn Company, and the Stafford Creek Corrections Center, a state prison which opened in 2000. Other significant employers include

1372-614: The coast are predicted to experience overall less warming than areas toward the interior of the US State of Washington . Other research has found that old-growth forests are particularly insulated from climatic changes due to evaporative cooling effects from evapotranspiration and their ability to retain moisture. The same study found that such effects in the Pacific Northwest would create important refugia for bird species. A review of refugia-focused conservation strategy in

1421-564: The cranberry-growing cooperative Ocean Spray , worldwide retailer Walmart , Sidhu & Sons Nursery USA, Inc. (AKA Briggs Nursery), Overstock.com, and Washington Crab Producers. In 2007, Imperium Renewables of Seattle invested $ 40 million in the construction of the biodiesel plant at the Port of Grays Harbor.  It is estimated the plant will produce as much as 100 million US gallons (380,000 m ) of biodiesel fuel made from plants and vegetable material annually. In September 2010,

1470-597: The extremes of past cooling and warming episodes largely pertain to the Quaternary glaciation cycles during the past several million years, especially in the Northern Hemisphere . A number of defining characteristics of past refugia are prevalent, including "an area where distinct genetic lineages have persisted through a series of Tertiary or Quaternary climate fluctuations owing to special, buffering environmental characteristics", "a geographical region that

1519-483: The face of modern climate change . As an example of a locale refugia study, Jürgen Haffer first proposed the concept of refugia to explain the biological diversity of bird populations in the Amazonian river basin . Haffer suggested that climatic change in the late Pleistocene led to reduced reservoirs of habitable forests in which populations become allopatric. Over time, that led to speciation : populations of

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1568-659: The face of the continental ice sheets ) during the last glacial period . Going from west to east, suggested examples include the Franco-Cantabrian region (in northern Iberia ), the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, the Ukrainian LGM refuge , and the Bering Land Bridge . Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic humans survived the glacial maxima (including

1617-412: The four anchor spaces at the mall, which is owned by Coming Attractions Theaters. The city's school district has two high schools: J. M. Weatherwax High School , or Aberdeen High School as it is now called; and Harbor High School, an alternative high school with an enrollment exceeding 200 students.  Aberdeen High has a long-time school sports rivalry with nearby Hoquiam High School. In 2002,

1666-564: The largest centers for the shipment of autos and grains to China and Korea. On December 19, 2005, Weyerhaeuser made plans to close the Aberdeen large-log sawmill and the Cosmopolis pulp mill, and the closures took effect in early 2006.  This resulted in the loss of at least 342 jobs.  In January 2009, Weyerhaeuser closed two additional plants in Aberdeen, resulting in another 221 lost jobs.  In both cases many employees were not told by Weyerhaeuser management, but learned about

1715-499: The late 1970s, most of the area had been logged and the remaining mills closed during the next decade. By the early 1990s, the industry was decimated due to resource reduction. Local political and business leaders ignored this fact and did not pursue economic diversification. Aberdeen is also the home port of the tall ship Lady Washington , a reproduction of a smaller vessel used by the explorer Captain Robert Gray , featured in

1764-409: The late 1990s and early 2000s. The most recent efforts have used the idea of land facets (also referred to as geophysical settings , enduring features , or geophysical stages ), which are unique combinations of topographical features (such as slope steepness, slope direction, and elevation ) and soil composition, to quantify physical features. The density of these facets, in turn, is used as

1813-659: The literature of conservation biologists as a potential way to identify climate change refugia and as a surrogate (in other words, a proxy used when planning for protected areas) for biodiversity. While the language to describe this mode of conservation planning hadn't fully developed until recently, the use of geophysical diversity in conservation planning goes back at least as far as the work by Hunter and others in 1988, and Richard Cowling and his colleagues in South Africa also used "spatial features" as surrogates for ecological processes in establishing conservation areas in

1862-684: The name has two possible origins: from the Ilwaco -based Aberdeen Packing Company, which opened a cannery on the homestead in 1873; or from the Scottish city of Aberdeen , named by an early settler who had lived in Scotland. Like the Scottish city, Aberdeen is a port settlement situated at the mouth of two rivers—the Chehalis and the Wishkah . An earlier name for the settlement was Heraville, which

1911-419: The population. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18, 6.2% were under 5 years of age, and 17.6% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 16,896 people, 6,476 households, and 4,020 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,586.0 inhabitants per square mile (612.4/km ). There were 7,338 housing units at an average density of 689.0 per square mile (266.0/km ). The racial makeup

1960-502: The population. 16.4% were of German , 9.3% English , 9.3% American , 8.7% Irish and 5.9% Norwegian ancestry. 90.2% spoke only English, while 7.7% spoke Spanish at home. There were 6,517 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who

2009-643: The same species that found themselves in different refugia evolved differently, creating parapatric sister-species . As the Pleistocene ended, the arid conditions gave way to the present humid rainforest environment, reconnecting the refugia. Scholars have since expanded the idea of this mode of speciation and used it to explain population patterns in other areas of the world, such as Africa , Eurasia , and North America . Theoretically, current biogeographical patterns can be used to infer past refugia: if several unrelated species follow concurrent range patterns,

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2058-495: The term in situ refugium is used to refer to areas that will allow species that exist in an area to remain there even as conditions change, whereas ex situ refugium refers to an area into which species distributions can move to in response to climate change. Sites that offer in situ refugia are also called resilient sites in which species will continue to have what they need to survive even as climate changes. One study found with downscaled climate models that areas near

2107-425: The terminus for Northern Pacific Railroad , but instead of ending at one of the established mill towns, the railroad skimmed through Cosmopolis and headed west for Ocosta . Hoquiam and Aberdeen citizens together built a spur; in 1895, the line connected Northern Pacific tracks to Aberdeen. By 1900, Aberdeen had become home to many saloons , brothels , and gambling establishments. It was nicknamed "The Hellhole of

2156-596: The warmth of interglacial periods (such as the Holocene ) was apparently limited or precluded by topographic , streamflow , or habitat barriers —or by the extinction of coevolved animal dispersers . The concern is that ongoing warming trends will expose them to extirpation or extinction in the decades ahead. In anthropology , refugia often refers specifically to Last Glacial Maximum refugia , where some ancestral human populations may have been forced back to glacial refugia (similar small isolated pockets on

2205-537: Was 17,013 at the 2020 census . The city is the most populous in Grays Harbor County and the region's economic center, bordering the cities of Hoquiam and Cosmopolis . Aberdeen is occasionally referred to as the "Gateway to the Olympic Peninsula ". Samuel Benn, a New York City native, established a homestead on the Chehalis River in 1859 and later platted a town at the site named Aberdeen. According to accounts collected by historian Edmond S. Meany ,

2254-450: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.05. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males. The median income for

2303-451: Was 80.40% White , 0.80% African American , 3.65% Native American , 1.89% Asian , 0.29% Pacific Islander , 8.04% from some other races and 4.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 15.85% of the population. There were 6,476 households, of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.9% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no spouse present, 7.1% had

2352-471: Was recorded by Benn. The city was founded by Samuel Benn in 1884 and incorporated on May 12, 1890. Although it became the largest and best-known city in Grays Harbor , Aberdeen lagged behind nearby Hoquiam and Cosmopolis in its early years. When A.J. West built the town's first sawmill in 1894, the other two municipalities had been in business for several years. Aberdeen and its neighbors vied to be

2401-537: Was south of the Chehalis River. The newer South Shore Mall had 350,000 square feet (33,000 m ) and space for 80 retailers, including anchor tenants Sears and J.C. Penney following their relocation from downtown. It was renamed to the Shoppes at Riverside in 2016 and closed on February 13, 2021, following an engineering report that found the soil under the foundation had settled and would pose structural risks. A movie theater and fun center remain open in two of

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