Misplaced Pages

#111888

68-453: Mukhtar Qabyluly Ablyazov ( Kazakh : Мұхтар Қабылұлы Әблязов , Mūhtar Qabylūly Äbliazov ; born 16 May 1963) is a Kazakh businessman and political activist who served as chairman of Bank Turan Alem (BTA Bank), and is a co-founder and a leader of the unregistered political party Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan (QDT). He was also the former head of the state-owned Kazakhstan Electricity Grid Operating Company (KEGOC) as well as briefly holding

136-864: A 5-year renewable permit of stay. The decision on the award of refugee status was made by the Territorial Commission in Rome for Recognition of International Protection, under Article 1 of the Geneva Convention. Private investigators tracked Ablyazov down to a mansion near Cannes , and French police arrested him in July 2013. He was detained until December 2016, as Russia sought Ablyazov's extradition from France, but Ablyazov argued that extradition would place him at risk of ill-treatment and an unfair trial. Human rights groups Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch , as well as many members of

204-636: A degree in theoretical physics. After graduating, he worked as a junior researcher at the Kazakh National University . In 1987, Ablyazov married Alma Shalabayeva. In 1990, Ablyazov was enrolled in postgraduate studies in the Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute. For that reason, he was fired from his role as a junior researcher at the Kazakh National University. Ablyazov started working during

272-554: A discussion, Ablyazov was accused of spreading anti-Soviet propaganda and was, along with his peers, detained the following day by the KGB although Ablyazov suffered no consequences due to the fact that Gorbachev's Perestroika reforms in allowing greater political freedom was already beginning to take shape at that time. In 1998, as head of KEGOC, Ablyazov was named Minister for Energy, Industry, and Trade. Ablyazov has been described by Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) as “part of

340-485: A fixed sequence. Ethnologue recognizes three mutually intelligible dialect groups: Northeastern Kazakh—the most widely spoken variety, which also serves as the basis for the official language—Southern Kazakh, and Western Kazakh. The language shares a degree of mutual intelligibility with closely related Karakalpak while its Western dialects maintain limited mutual intelligibility with Altai languages . In October 2017, Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev decreed that

408-715: A language exclusively for religious contexts, similar to how Latin served as a liturgical language in the Western European cultural sphere. The Kazakhs used the Arabic script to write their language until approximately 1929. In the early 1900s, Kazakh activist Akhmet Baitursynuly reformed the Kazakh-Arabic alphabet, but his work was largely overshadowed by the Soviet presence in Central Asia. At that point,

476-611: A loans to deposits ratio of 3.6 to 1 in 2007. In 2008, BTA Bank was the largest commercial financial institution in Kazakhstan, with internal reserves allowing for cooperation with foreign and domestic owners of the shares. At the same time, BTA Bank was the largest creditor of the Kazakh economy – the bank owned about 30% of all the loans granted to legal entities. Shortly thereafter, Kazakhstan's sovereign wealth fund, Samruk-Kazyna, injected significant funds into BTA in an effort to keep

544-469: A multi-sector private holding company, which established and consisted of: Astana-Sugar, Astana-Food, Aral-Salt, The Shymkent Pasta Factory, Astana-Medical Service, Astana-Motors, Astana-Interotel, Astana-Bank, Trade House Zhanna (furniture). In 1997, Ablyazov was appointed as head of the state-owned Kazakhstan Electricity Grid Operating Company . KEGOC was a company close to bankruptcy at the time of his appointment as its head. In one year, he managed to make

612-424: A pro-government stance. In 2012, a British judge ordered Ablyazov imprisoned for purportedly lying in court about his financial assets. Shortly thereafter, Ablyazov left Britain. It was charged that he exited the country in order to avoid imprisonment. His lawyers, however, said that he left because he had received a death threat. The lawyers further maintained that Ablyazov “did not embezzle the $ 6 billion claimed by

680-579: A promise not to be involved in politics and then found out that he was again involved in politics, of course Nazarbayev felt betrayed twice.” While living in Russia and Kazakhstan, Ablyazov was the target of assassination attempts and an effort was made to kidnap his son from school. Following the issuing of the Kazakh warrant, Ablyazov left Kazakhstan for London . This made him, according to RFE/RL, one of “dozens of former high-ranking Kazakh officials who have fled abroad after falling out of favor.” Ablyazov

748-523: A system of 12 phonemic vowels, 3 of which are diphthongs. The rounding contrast and /æ/ generally only occur as phonemes in the first syllable of a word, but do occur later allophonically; see the section on harmony below for more information. Moreover, the /æ/ sound has been included artificially due to the influence of Arabic, Persian and, later, Tatar languages during the Islamic period. It can be found in some native words, however. According to Vajda,

SECTION 10

#1732797619112

816-473: A younger generation” that Nursultan Nazarbayev , president of Kazakhstan, “hoped to harness as he pushed his resource-rich nation into the 21st century.” Yet after a few years, “Ablyazov and the others had broken ranks, citing disenchantment with endemic corruption in Nazarbayev's inner circle.” In November 2001, Ablyazov and other colleagues, including fellow disenchanted proteges of Nazarbyaev, co-founded

884-821: Is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia by Kazakhs . It is closely related to Nogai , Kyrgyz and Karakalpak . It is the official language of Kazakhstan , and has official status in the Altai Republic of Russia . It is also a significant minority language in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang , China , and in the Bayan-Ölgii Province of western Mongolia . The language

952-488: Is also a system of rounding harmony which resembles that of Kyrgyz, but which does not apply as strongly and is not reflected in the orthography. This system only applies to the open vowels /e/, /ɪ/, /ʏ/ and not /ɑ/ , and happens in the next syllables. Thus, (in Latin script) jūldyz 'star', bügın 'today', and ülken 'big' are actually pronounced as jūldūz , bügün , ülkön . The following chart depicts

1020-456: Is also spoken by many ethnic Kazakhs throughout the former Soviet Union (some 472,000 in Russia according to the 2010 Russian census ), Germany , and Turkey . Like other Turkic languages, Kazakh is an agglutinative language and employs vowel harmony . Kazakh builds words by adding suffixes one after another to the word stem, with each suffix expressing only one unique meaning and following

1088-536: Is described to have lived sumptuously in London. However, a High Court judge held Ablyazov in contempt and imposed three prison sentences for failing to disclose assets including a nine-bedroom mansion in London's "Billionaire's Row" and a 100-acre estate in Windsor Great Park. He rented a 15,000 square foot mansion on Bishop's Avenue in London. During his time in London, Ablyazov told The Standard that he

1156-599: Is engaged in maintenance of the telecom equipment in the national power grid and provide telecom support for the KEGOC's operations. Financial Settlement Centre for Renewable Energy Sources LLP (FSC RES LLP) was established in 2013 to encourage investments in renewable energy sector and increase the share of renewable energy in Kazakhstan's energy mix through government-guaranteed and centralized electricity purchase of all electricity produced by all renewable energy facilities (who have chosen such support scheme) in accordance with

1224-475: Is married to Iliyas Khrapunov, the son of the former mayor of Almaty, Viktor Khrapunov . Ablyazova and both Khrapunov were co-defendants in a suit for violations of RICO Act for using U.S. real estate to embezzle and defraud Almaty city. Iliyas Khrapunov was Ablyazov's co-defendant, and received a $ 500 million judgement by the British High Court to pay BTA Bank for damages for his role in laundering

1292-596: Is possible to think that different categories of aspect govern the choice of auxiliary, it is not so straightforward in Kazakh. Auxiliaries are internally sensitive to the lexical semantics of predicates, for example, verbs describing motion: Suda water- LOC balyq fish jüzedı swim- PRES - 3 Suda balyq jüzedı KEGOC KEGOC is the System Operator of the Unified Power System (UPS) of Kazakhstan, and it owns and manages

1360-732: The Perso-Arabic script for writing. It is scheduled to be phased in from 2023 to 2031. Speakers of Kazakh (mainly Kazakhs) are spread over a vast territory from the Tian Shan to the western shore of the Caspian Sea . Kazakh is the official state language of Kazakhstan, with nearly 10 million speakers (based on information from the CIA World Factbook on population and proportion of Kazakh speakers). In China, nearly two million ethnic Kazakhs and Kazakh speakers reside in

1428-489: The Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan (QDT), an opposition political movement that challenged the Nazarbayev regime. The QDT included a combination of existing politicians and major businessmen and called for the decentralization of political power, a strong legislature, and an independent judiciary to balance the power concentrated in the executive branch. This opposition initiative, according to RFE/RL, “quickly drew

SECTION 20

#1732797619112

1496-802: The European Parliament , wrote in opposition to extradition of Ablyazov. In 2015, a French court in Lyon issued an extradition order. However, in December 2016, France's highest administrative court, the Conseil d'Etat , canceled the extradition order, on the ground that Russia had a political motive in making the extradition request. Ablyazov was released from the Fleury-Mérogis Prison . Latvian MEP Iveta Grigule-Pēterse warned European Union NGOs and advocacy groups to scrutinize

1564-570: The European Parliament , wrote in opposition to extradition of Ablyazov. In 2015, a French court in Lyon issued an extradition order. However, in December 2016, France's highest administrative court, the Conseil d'Etat , canceled the extradition order, on the ground that Russia had a political motive in making the extradition request. Ablyazov was released from the Fleury-Merogis prison. In April 2017, on his Facebook page, Ablyazov announced

1632-657: The Fleury-Mérogis Prison and was believed to reside in Paris. The UK High Court of Justice has twice issued arrest warrants on Ablyazov; most recently on 25 July 2019, and extended to 22 months a court-ordered detention originating in 2012 for a contempt of court judgement. In September 2020, Ablyazov obtained the status of political refugee in France. On December 9, 2022, CNDA finally deprived Ablyazov of political asylum in France . In July 2023, Ablyazov posted on his Facebook that he

1700-617: The Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. The Kipchak branch of Turkic languages, which Kazakh is borne out of, was mainly solidified during the reign of the Golden Horde . The modern Kazakh language is said to have originated in approximately 1465 AD during the formation of the Kazakh Khanate . Modern Kazakh is likely a descendant of both Chagatay Turkic as spoken by the Timurids and Kipchak Turkic as spoken in

1768-576: The English High Court that has set precedents for judgement monetary value, and procedure and standards for recovery of assets held in disparate jurisdictions worldwide. A 2015 ruling established that de facto control over the funds held in trust are in reach of Worldwide Freezing Orders. 24 March 2009 BTA Bank launched legal proceedings against Ablyazov in the High Court (England and Wales) shortly after his arrival in London. Ablyazov

1836-665: The European Parliament, he was released in May 2003 after only serving ten months, on the condition that he renounce politics. Ablyazov moved to Moscow in 2003 to rebuild his business ties and in 2005 became the Chairman of the Board of Directors of BTA Bank. After his release from prison, Ablyazov reportedly spent “millions of dollars funding opposition groups and independent media.” RFE/RL has quoted Yevgeny Zhovtis, head of

1904-489: The Golden Horde. Kazakh uses a high volume of loanwords from Persian and Arabic due to the frequent historical interactions between Kazakhs and Iranian ethnic groups to the south. Additionally, Persian was a lingua franca in the Kazakh Khanate , which allowed Kazakhs to mix Persian words into their own spoken and written vernacular. Meanwhile, Arabic was used by Kazakhs in mosques and mausoleums , serving as

1972-642: The Interior Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister of Italy, Angelino Alfano simultaneously for an illegal deportation. He is also a member of the centre-right party ‘The People of Freedom' headed by Silvio Berlusconi , known for his friendly relations with the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. The President of Italy, Giorgio Napolitano , expressed his stark criticism of the deportation of Alma Shalabayeva. He noted that

2040-517: The Kazakh government, but restructured the bank's holdings in order to protect them from precisely the kind of government takeover that took place in 2009.” Since his departure from Britain, it has been unclear where Ablyazov is living, although he was widely believed to have gone to France . Ablyazov's wife and daughter were deported by Italy in May 2013 for allegedly staying in the country illegally; they were found to have false Central African Republic diplomatic passports. The Italian media blamed

2108-508: The Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law, as saying that “Nazarbayev to a certain extent felt betrayed” by Ablyazov and the others, given that “he thinks that he provided them the space to become wealthy, to become well-known, to make a career in state service or in business, and they challenged him. When he pardoned Ablyazov in May 2003 and allowed him to return to business in exchange for

Mukhtar Ablyazov - Misplaced Pages Continue

2176-449: The Latin script by 2025. Cyrillic script was created to better merge the Kazakh language with other languages of the USSR , hence it has some controversial letter readings. The letter У after a consonant represents a combination of sounds і /ɘ/ , ү /ʉ/ , ы /ə/ , ұ /ʊ/ with glide /w/ , e.g. кіру [kɪ̞ˈrɪ̞w] , су [so̙w] , көру [kɵˈrʏ̞w] , атысу [ɑ̝təˈsəw] . Ю undergoes

2244-428: The action is carried out and also interact with the lexical semantics of the root verb: telic and non-telic actions, semelfactives, durative and non-durative, punctual, etc. There are selectional restrictions on auxiliaries: motion verbs, such as бару ' go ' and келу ' come ' may not combine with otyr . Any verb, however, can combine with jat ' lie ' to get a progressive tense meaning. While it

2312-856: The assets of the National Power Grid (NPG). The company operates as the natural monopoly. The company employs more than 4 thousand people. KEGOC is a subsidiary of Samruk-Kazyna Sovereign Welfare Fund JSC. In December 2014, the company was listed on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange as part of the "People's IPO" programme. KEGOC floated 10% minus one share. The minority shareholder structure included 7.3% of individuals. The demand exceeded supply by 1.5 times. Completed projects: Ongoing projects: KEGOC has subsidiaries: EnergoInform JSC (100% of shares) and Financial Settlement Centre for Renewable Energy Sources LLP (FSC RES) (100% of participation shares). EnergoInform

2380-451: The bank in a self-storage facility in north London, by following a brother-in-law of Ablyazov. A spreadsheet listed thousands of offshore companies through which BTA had transacted. This evidence added to the court cases with a judge stating "It is difficult to imagine a party to commercial litigation who has acted with more cynicism, opportunism and deviousness towards court orders than Mr Ablyazov." Kazakh language China Kazakh

2448-420: The bank solvent, effectively becoming its majority shareholder. It has been argued that BTA Bank “threatened to dominate the other Kazakh banks – banks that Nazarbayev controlled” and that the bank's forced nationalization in 2009 was part of an effort by Nazarbayev “to dispose of Ablyazov.” Global accounting firm PriceWaterhouse Coopers auditors discovered a $ 10 billion shortfall on the bank's books that led to

2516-555: The bank solvent, effectively becoming its majority shareholder. Shortly before Samruk-Kazyna 's intervention Ablyazov fled Kazakhstan to London. Ablyazov's first interests in politics was in 1987 when he engaged in social activities and founded a political club, believing that the Soviet Union wasn't being developed properly at the Kazakh National University where he was a junior researcher. The club attracted young people, political scientists, and philosophers. There, after leading

2584-534: The bank's bankruptcy and discovery of largest financial fraud attributed to Ablyazov in JSC BTA Bank v Ablyazov. In 2010 a US bankruptcy judge granted BTA Bank Chapter 15 protection while it worked to restructure $ 11.6 billion owed to foreign creditors, much of it to western banks, as a result of loans made while Ablyazov was chairman. In September 2009, Kazakhstan's sovereign wealth fund , Samruk-Kazyna , injected significant funds into BTA in an effort to keep

2652-401: The broadcaster K+ and the newspapers Vzglyad and Golos Respubliki, along with other private Kazakh media with ties to Ablyazov, “gave full-scale coverage to the bloody police crackdown on striking oil workers in the western city of Zhanaozen.” Not long after, Kazakh courts ordered these media outlets closed, along with the opposition Alga party, headed by Vladimir Kozlov , an Ablyazov ally, who

2720-424: The consonant inventory of standard Kazakh; many of the sounds, however, are allophones of other sounds or appear only in recent loanwords. The 18 consonant phonemes listed by Vajda are without parentheses—since these are phonemes, their listed place and manner of articulation are very general, and will vary from what is shown. ( /t͡s/ rarely appears in normal speech.) Kazakh has 19 native consonant phonemes; these are

2788-490: The decision to deport her was made without necessary verification or thorough examination of the situation by the Italian bodies: “For any country, it is unacceptable to give in to the pressure and interference of foreign diplomacy, which resulted in the hasty expulsion of a mother and child from Italy on the basis of distorted information. I also believe that we need to fully guarantee fundamental rights of persons, regardless of

Mukhtar Ablyazov - Misplaced Pages Continue

2856-607: The fall of the Soviet Union and the start of Kazakhstan's Independence. His first job was the buying and selling of computers and copying machines. In 1991, Ablyazov registered his first company and named it "Madina," which is the name of his first daughter. In 1992, Ablyazov started his business by supplying all the regions of Kazakhstan with products such as salt, sugar, flower, matches, tea, chocolate, medicine, photocopiers, fax machines and computers. In order to run this business, Ablyazov established Astana Holding in Kazakhstan ,

2924-518: The fixed rates. Also FSC RES LLP was assigned by the Minister of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan (order No. 357 dated 7 September 2018 ) the single buyer of centralized procurement of services service of maintaining the readiness of electric capacity and centralized provider of services of ensuring readiness of electricity capacity to bear the power load (capacity market operator). KEGOC is also

2992-567: The form of agglutinative suffixes. Kazakh is a nominative-accusative, head-final, left-branching, dependent-marking language. Kazakh has no noun class or gender system. Nouns are declined for number (singular or plural) and one of seven cases: The suffix for case is placed after the suffix for number. Forms ' child ' ' hedgehog ' ' Kazakh ' ' school ' ' person ' ' flower ' ' word ' There are eight personal pronouns in Kazakh: The declension of

3060-424: The front/back quality of vowels is actually one of neutral versus retracted tongue root . Phonetic values are paired with the corresponding character in Kazakh's Cyrillic and current Latin alphabets. Kazakh exhibits tongue-root vowel harmony (also called soft-hard harmony), and arguably weakened rounding harmony which is implied in the first syllable of the word. All vowels after the first rounded syllable are

3128-457: The letters В, Ё, Ф, Х, Һ, Ц, Ч, Ъ, Ь, Э are only used in loanwords—mostly those of Russian origin, but sometimes of Persian and Arabic origin. They are often substituted in spoken Kazakh. Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV (subject–object–verb) word order can be used, for example, due to topicalization . Inflectional and derivational morphology , both verbal and nominal, in Kazakh, exists almost exclusively in

3196-537: The new Soviet regime forced the Kazakhs to use a Latin script, and then a Cyrillic script in the 1940s. Today, Kazakhs use the Cyrillic and Latin scripts to write their language, although a presidential decree from 2017 ordered the transition from Cyrillic to Latin by 2031. Kazakh exhibits tongue-root vowel harmony , with some words of recent foreign origin (usually of Russian or Arabic origin) as exceptions. There

3264-437: The noun that they modify. Kazakh has two varieties of adjectives: The comparative form can be created by appending the suffix -(y)raq/-(ı)rek or -tau/-teu/-dau/-dau to an adjective. The superlative form can be created by placing the morpheme eñ before the adjective. The superlative form can also be expressed by reduplication. Kazakh may express different combinations of tense , aspect and mood through

3332-420: The opposition. Ablyazov has been accused of embezzling $ 6 billion from BTA Bank while serving as chairman. In 2015, a French court in Lyon issued an extradition order. However, in December 2016, France's highest administrative court, the Conseil d'Etat , canceled the extradition order, on the ground that Russia had a political motive in making the extradition request. Ablyazov was subsequently released from

3400-586: The position of Minister for Energy, Industry, and Trade under Balgimbayev's cabinet before resigning from and joining the opposition against President Nursultan Nazarbayev . In November 2001, he, along with other former Kazakh government officials founded the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan (QDT). As result, Ablyazov was imprisoned in March 2002 over accusations of financial fraud and political abuse until being pardoned by Nazarbayev in 2003. After being released from prison, he ceased his formal political activities with

3468-418: The pronouns is outlined in the following chart. Singular pronouns exhibit irregularities, while plural pronouns do not. Irregular forms are highlighted in bold. In addition to the pronouns, there are several more sets of morphemes dealing with person. Adjectives in Kazakh are not declined for any grammatical category of the modified noun. Being a head-final language, adjectives are always placed before

SECTION 50

#1732797619112

3536-528: The re-establishment of the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan (QDT) movement. Ablyazov is alleged to have embezzled $ 6 billion from BTA Bank while serving as chairman. From July 2013 to December 2016, Ablyazov was detained by French authorities, as Russia sought Ablyazov's extradition from France, but Ablyazov argued that extradition would place him at risk of ill-treatment and an unfair trial. Human rights groups Amnesty International , Human Rights Watch and Open Dialogue Foundation , as well as many members of

3604-516: The same process but with /j/ at the beginning. The letter И represents a combination of sounds: i /ɘ/ (in front-vowel contexts) or ы /ə/ (in back vowel contexts) + glide /j/ , e.g. тиіс [tɪ̞ˈjɪ̞s] , оқиды [wo̞qəjˈdə] . In Russian loanwords, it is realized as /ʲi/ (when stressed) or /ʲɪ/ (when unstressed), e.g. изоморфизм [ɪzəmɐrˈfʲizm] . The letter Я represents either /jɑ/ or /jæ/ depending on vowel harmony. The letter Щ represents /ʃː/ , e.g. ащы [ɑ̝ʃ.ˈʃə] . Meanwhile,

3672-555: The source of the funds or donations received, citing Ablyazov's use of allegedly embezzled BTA Bank funds to underwrite PR campaigns to minimize Ablyazov's fraud and to present Ablyazov as a political dissident. An example of such efforts is through the Open Dialogue Foundation. The Open Dialogue Foundation maintains the website mukhtarablyazov.org, which credits the content as "co-created by the family members of Mukhtar Ablyazov." Ablyazov's daughter, Madina Ablyazova,

3740-521: The state-owned company profitable. By 1998, he had a net wealth of about $ 300 million, one of the richest people in Kazakhstan. In 1998, Ablyazov was a leading member of consortium of Kazakh investors that acquired Bank Turan Alem in a privatization auction for $ 72 million. He later paid back the loan. The bank later came to be known as BTA Bank. Ablyazov served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of BTA Bank from 2005 to 2009. BTA Bank increased its loan book 1,100 percent between 2003 and 2007 and held

3808-528: The status which they have in our country”. On 24 December 2013, a representative of the Kazakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced a change in the restriction of liberty measure for Alma Shalabayeva and the withdrawal of her prohibition from leaving Almaty. Shalabayeva and her daughter, Alua received their passports and left Kazakhstan. On 18 April 2014, the Italian authorities granted Ablyazov's wife and daughter refugee status. Alma and Alua received

3876-437: The stolen BTA funds. INTERPOL issued a Red Notice arrest warrant for Ablyazov, which was basis for his arrest by French authorities in 2013. Interpol said Ablyazov was wanted in Russia on separate charges for "large scale fraud,” money laundering and document forgery. Interpol withdrew the red notice in July 2017. JSC BTA Bank v Mukhtar Ablyazov is a landmark financial fraud case consisting of up to eleven proceedings before

3944-456: The stops /p, b, t, d, k, ɡ, q/ , fricatives /s, z, ɕ, ʑ, ʁ/ , nasals /m, n, ŋ/ , liquids /ɾ, l/ , and two glides /w, j/ . The sounds /f, v, χ, h, t͡s, t͡ɕ/ are found only in loanwords. /ʑ/ is heard as an alveolopalatal affricate [d͡ʑ] in the Kazakh dialects of Uzbekistan and Xinjiang, China. The sounds [q] and [ʁ] may be analyzed as allophones of /k/ and /ɡ/ in words with back vowels, but exceptions occur in loanwords. Kazakh has

4012-568: The subject to this harmony with the exception of /ɑ/ , and in the following syllables, e.g. өмір [ø̞mʏr] , қосы [qɒso] . Notably, urban Kazakh tends to violate rounding harmony, as well as pronouncing Russian borrowings against the rules. Most words in Kazakh are stressed in the last syllable, except: Nowadays, Kazakh is mostly written in the Cyrillic script, with an Arabic-based alphabet being used by minorities in China. Since 26 October 2017, via Presidential Decree 569, Kazakhstan will adopt

4080-500: The takeover of BTA Bank by Samruk-Kazyna in February 2009 was “the culmination of the campaign by President Nazarbayev and his allies to wrest ownership and control of [BTA] from [Ablyazov].” Judge Teare reasoned that BTA's bank's nationalisation and debt restructuring created a legal and fiduciary duty to its Western creditors to recover missing assets. In October 2010, private investigators found documents and disc drives relating to

4148-406: The use of various verbal morphology or through a system of auxiliary verbs , many of which might better be considered light verbs. The present tense is a prime example of this; progressive tense in Kazakh is formed with one of four possible auxiliaries. These auxiliaries otyr ' sit ' , tūr ' stand ' , jür ' go ' and jat ' lie ' , encode various shades of meaning of how

SECTION 60

#1732797619112

4216-467: The wrath of the regime.” In July 2002, as one of the main leaders of the QDT, Ablyazov was convicted of “abusing official powers as a minister” and sentenced to six years in prison. Also sent to prison were his fellow would-be reformers and former Nazarbayev proteges Galymzhan Zhakiyanov and Altynbek Sarsenbauyly . In response to pressure from the international community, including Amnesty International and

4284-492: The writing system would change from using Cyrillic to Latin script by 2025. The proposed Latin alphabet has been revised several times and as of January 2021 is close to the inventory of the Turkish alphabet , though lacking the letters C and Ç and having four additional letters: Ä, Ñ, Q and Ū (though other letters such as Y have different values in the two languages). Over one million Kazakh speakers in Xinjiang still rely on

4352-559: Was an “innocent...victim of persecution” by Nazarbaev and was “in fear of his life from his country's secret police, the KNB.” Claiming to be innocent of all charges, he “employed tight security to protect him from murder attempts” while living in London. Once, while he was being driven in London, a car “rammed his vehicle repeatedly.” While in Britain, Ablyazov maintained close ties to opposition media in Kazakhstan. RFE/RL has noted that in 2011,

4420-495: Was ordered to leave French territory within 30 days. Ablyazov was born in the village of Vannovka in the South Kazakhstan Region , at the time when Kazakhstan was part of the Soviet Union. His father, Qabyl Ablyazov, (born 1935), worked as an engineer and was a teacher at a technical school. His mother, Rauza Tolebergnova, (born 1940), was a librarian. As a kid, he loved reading books and playing chess. Ablyazov

4488-460: Was sentenced to a long prison term. The Nazarbaev government reportedly considered Ablyazov to be implicated in these media outlets' critical coverage. Also during his time in Britain, Ablyazov was the main source of funding for Aksara, an independent theater company whose productions challenge the Nazarbaev government and seek to provide an alternative to the state-subsidized theater, which takes

4556-573: Was taught at a Russian-speaking school, the Lomonosov Regional School, in his hometown. He also partly worked as a loader in a rural farm at night. At the age of 17, Ablyazov wanted to become a theoretician and a professor. He attended the Alma-Ata State University where he then later transferred to Moscow Engineering Physics Institute during his sophomore year. There, Ablyazov graduated in 1986 and earned

4624-539: Was the subject of seven legal claims in the English High Court totalling $ 3.7 billion (£2.26 billion). The first decision that Ablyazov lost in the UK courts was passed down by William Blair, brother of Tony Blair. In October 2010, Ablyazov lost a legal fight to prevent his assets from being subject to a receivership order. The ruling came after Justice Teare stated that Ablyazov “cannot be trusted” not to dissipate his assets prior to trial. Ablyazov argued, in his defense, that

#111888