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22-692: She was born on February 12, 1884 in Smolensk, Russia. She attended the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts . She also studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where she was taught by Henri Matisse . In 1910 she co-founded the Academie Russe in Paris. Several years later she left that school and founded Academie Vassilieff also in Paris. Academie Vassilieff located in the 15th arrondissement of Paris ( Montparnasse ), became

44-519: A popular place, and during World War I Vassilieff turned the property into a canteen (cafeteria) serving inexpensive meals to artist in the neighborhood. Vassilieff died on May 14, 1957 in Nogent-sur-Marne, France. Her property. Villa Vassilieff, at 21 Avenue du Maine has served as a gallery, a museum ( Musée du Montparnasse ), and study center. Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts The Russian Academy of Arts , informally known as

66-553: A separate workshop, materials for work and a generous cash allowance. Those admitted to the competition were obliged to execute the «program» , to draw a picture according to the program (creative task), one for all, approved by the Council of the Academy of Arts. The task, most often on a historical theme, was made in such a way that the participant showed all the professional skills and knowledge he mastered during his studies. After

88-460: A wealth of character-details in representatives of the common people. In one of Kramskoi's most well known paintings, Christ in the Desert (1872, Tretyakov gallery ), he continued Alexander Ivanov 's humanistic tradition by treating a religious subject in moral–philosophical terms. He imbued his image of Christ with dramatic experiences in a deeply psychological and vital interpretation, evoking

110-899: Is Zurab Tsereteli and its vice-president is Tair Salakhov . The historic building on the Neva River in St. Petersburg is used for the Repin Institute of Arts (in Russian: «Институт имени Репина» ), full name: Ilya Repin St. Petersburg State Academic Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture , in honor of one of its well-known alumni. It is also called the St. Petersburg State Academic Institute of Fine Arts, Sculpture and Architecture (as on its website) . Ivan Kramskoi Ivan Nikolayevich Kramskoi ( Russian : Иван Николаевич Крамской ; 8 June [ O.S. 27 May] 1837 – 5 April [ O.S. 24 March] 1887)

132-854: The Institute of Proletarian Fine Arts in 1930, the Russian Academy of Arts in 1933, and the Academy of Arts of the USSR in 1947. After the Academy's move to Moscow that year, the building in what was then called Leningrad was renamed Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. The national academy has stayed in Moscow. In 1991 it was renamed the Russian Academy of Arts. The old academy's art collection, which included major works by Poussin , David and Ingres,

154-871: The Russian Revolution of 1917 , the Imperial Academy passed through a series of transformations. It was formally abolished in 1918 and the Petrograd Free Art Educational Studios ( Pegoskhuma ) created in its place; this was renamed the Petrograd Svomas (Free Art Studios) in 1919, the Petrograd State Art-Educational Studios of the Reconstructed Academy of Arts in 1921, Vkhutein in 1928,

176-851: The Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts , was an art academy in Saint Petersburg , founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name Academy of the Three Noblest Arts . Catherine the Great renamed it the Imperial Academy of Arts and commissioned a new building, completed 25 years later in 1789 by the Neva River . The academy promoted the neoclassical style and technique, and sent its promising students to European capitals for further study. Training at

198-402: The Academy and organized their own exhibitions, which traveled from town to town across Russia. Ilya Repin , Mikhail Vrubel and some other painters still regarded the academy's training as indispensable for the development of basic professional and technical skills. In 1893, Imperial Academy of Arts was divided into the Academy of Arts itself, which was responsible for all the artistic work in

220-602: The Academy of a group of its graduates, who organized the Artel of Artists (" Артель художников "). Influenced by the ideas of the Russian revolutionary democrats, Kramskoi asserted the high public duty of the artist, principles of realism , and the moral substance and nationality of art. He became one of the main founders and ideologists of the Company of Itinerant Art Exhibitions (or Peredvizhniki ). In 1863–1868, he taught at

242-615: The Great renamed it the Imperial Academy of Arts and commissioned its first rector , Alexander Kokorinov , to design a new building. It took 25 years to complete the Neoclassical edifice, which opened in 1789. Konstantin Thon was responsible for the sumptuous decoration of the interiors. He also designed a quayside in front of the building, with stairs down to the Neva River, and adorned it with two 3000-year-old sphinxes , which were transported from Egypt . Ivan Betskoy reorganized

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264-547: The Russian Empire, and the Higher Art School of the Academy of Arts, which dealt only with academic affairs. The initiator of the reform was the vice-president of the Academy, Count Ivan Ivanovich Tolstoy . The Charter, approved at the end of 1893, divided the former Academy into two institutions: Both institutions were located in St. Petersburg in the historic building of the Academy of Arts. Instead of

286-454: The academy into a de facto government department; it supervised matters concerning art throughout the country, distributing orders and awarding ranks to artists. The academy vigorously promoted the principles of Neoclassicism by sending the most notable Russian painters abroad, in order to learn the ancient and Renaissance styles of Italy and France . It also had its own sizable collection of choice artworks intended for study and copying. In

308-537: The academy was virtually required for artists to make successful careers. Formally abolished in 1918 after the Russian Revolution , the academy was renamed several times. It established free tuition; students from across the country competed fiercely for its few places annually. In 1947 the national institution was moved to Moscow, and much of its art collection was moved to the Hermitage . The building in Leningrad

330-681: The drawing school of a society for the promotion of applied arts. In 1871, ten years after Taras Shevchenko's death, Kramskoi created a portrait of the poet that became widely popular. He created a gallery of portraits of important Russian writers, scientists, artists and public figures ( Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy , 1873, Ivan Shishkin , 1873, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov , 1876, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin , 1879, Sergei Botkin , 1880) in which expressive simplicity of composition and clarity of depiction emphasize profound psychological elements of character. Kramskoi's democratic ideals found their brightest expression in his portraits of peasants, which portrayed

352-611: The idea of his heroic self-sacrifice. Aspiring to expand the ideological expressiveness of his images, Kramskoi created art that existed on the cusp of portraiture and genre-painting ("Nekrasov during the period of 'Last songs,'" 1877–78; "Unknown Woman," 1883; "Inconsolable grief," 1884; all in Tretyakov gallery). These paintings disclose their subjects' complex and sincere emotions, their personalities and fates. The orientation of Kramskoi's art, his acute critical judgments about it, and his persistent quest for objective public criteria for

374-466: The mid-19th century, the Academism of training staff, much influenced by the doctrines of Dominique Ingres , was challenged by a younger generation of Russian artists who asserted their freedom to paint in a Realistic style . The adherents of this movement became known as peredvizhniki (Itinerants, related to their desire to bring art to the people). Led by Ivan Kramskoi , they publicly broke with

396-708: The old professors, peredvizhniki artists were invited to teaching positions at the Higher Art School. The program of study at the Higher School has changed significantly: the institute of professors and managers was established and free topics for competitive tests were established. New professors came to the academy, among whom Ilya Repin stood out. Famous artists were invited by the heads of personal workshops: Vladimir Makovsky , Ivan Shishkin , Arkhip Kuindzhi , Aleksey Kivshenko . Later came: Alexander Kiselyov , Dmitry Kardovsky , Nikolay Dubovskoy , Nikolay Samokish , Vasily Mate . The Big Gold Medal, which granted

418-464: The right to a foreign pensioner (from three to six years), was awarded in a competition to which the most talented graduates of the Academy were allowed to complete their studies, awarded to the beginning of the competition with the small gold medal of the Academy «For Success in Drawing» . Graduates who received a large gold medal remained at the Academy of Arts for another year; they were provided with

440-568: Was a Russian Realist painter and art critic . He was an intellectual leader of the art movement known as the Wanderers between 1860 and 1880. Kramskoi came from an impoverished petit- bourgeois family. From 1857 to 1863 he studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts ; he reacted against academic art and was an initiator of the " Revolt of the Fourteen " which ended with the expulsion from

462-642: Was devoted to the Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture , named in honor of the Ukrainian-born Repin , one of the foremost realist artists in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. Since 1991 it has been called the St. Petersburg Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture . The academy was initially located in the Shuvalov Mansion on Sadovaya Street. In 1764, Catherine

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484-792: Was removed to the Hermitage Museum across the river. During the Soviet era, academies were free of tuition fees as they were financed by the government, but admission was intensely competitive. Many would-be students would apply to the Academy for as many as six or seven years in a row without success. With just twenty places available and thousands of applicants, the competition was brutal. Well-known graduates of Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1930–1950s include: The Russian Academy of Arts has been headquartered in Moscow since 1947. Its current president

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