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36-591: Acehnese may refer to: Acehnese people Acehnese language See also [ edit ] Aceh Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Acehnese . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acehnese&oldid=970810382 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

72-560: A diet of seafood, including various types of shellfish, as well as land animals such as pigs and rhinoceros. The inhabitants are known to have used fire and practiced rituals of burial . The migration of the modern-day indigenous tribes, such as the Mantr people and the Lhan people ( Proto-Malay ), as well as the Chams , Malays and Minangkabau people (Deutero-Malay) who arrived later, formed

108-585: A period of 400 years, eventually made the language of the Banda Aceh population became dominant in the coastal region of Aceh . Other native languages speakers were then forced into the interior by the expansion of land for farming by the Acehnese language speakers. Dialects of the Acehnese language that are found in the Aceh Besar Regency valley are divided into two major groups, namely

144-604: A standing or sitting position, and the group of dancers are of the same gender. If seen from the musical standpoint, the dance can be grouped into two types. One is accompanied with vocals and physical percussive movements of the dancers themselves, and the other is simply accompanied by an assemble of musical instruments. Acehnese cuisine is known for its combination of spices just as are commonly found in Indian and Arabic cuisine, such as ginger, pepper, coriander, cumin, cloves, cinnamon, cardamom and fennel. A variety of Acehnese food

180-711: Is also found in the southern region, namely in the areas around Susoh, Tapaktuan and Labuhan Haji . There are many who converse daily in both Acehnese language and their own native dialect, the Aneuk Jamee language. As a result of the political expansion and diplomatic relations of the Aceh Sultanate with their surrounding region, the Acehnese people were also mixed with the Alas people , Gayonese , Karo people , Nias people and Kluet people . The unification of

216-583: Is co-related with the migration that came along with the expansion of power of the Aceh Sultanate after the 1500s. Local government of Aceh , among others through Governor's Decree No. 430/543/1986 and Perda No. 2 of 1990 established the Institute of Acehnese Customary and Culture (Lembaga Adat dan Kebudayaan Aceh, LAKA), with the mandate to develop the customs and norms of the communities and customary institutions in Aceh . Indirectly, this institution protects

252-542: Is communal. They live in gampôngs , which combine to form districts known as mukims . The golden era of Acehnese culture began in the 16th century, along with the rise of the Islamic Aceh Sultanate and later reaching its peak in the 17th century. Generally, the Acehnese people are regarded as conservative adherents to the Islamic faith and also as militant fighters against the colonial conquest of

288-561: Is cooked with curry or curry and coconut milk, which is generally combined with meat such as buffalo, beef, mutton, fish, or chicken. Several types of traditional recipe use a blend of cannabis as a flavoring spice; such cases are also found in the cuisine of some other Southeast Asian countries, such as Laos. However today, those substances are no longer used. Due to conflict after the Dutch invasion of Aceh, followed by Martial Law in Aceh during

324-438: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Acehnese people The Acehnese ( Jawi : اورڠ اچيه ‎ ), also written as Atjehnese and Achinese , are an indigenous ethnic group native to Aceh , Indonesia on the northernmost tip of the island of Sumatra . The area has a history of political struggle against

360-599: Is estimated that a number of Malay people began to migrate to Aceh . They then settled down in the valleys of Tamiang River and later became known as the Tamiang people. After they were conquered by the Samudera Pasai Sultanate kingdom (1330), only then did they begin to integrate into Acehnese society; although in terms of cultural and linguistic, there are still similarities with the Malay culture. By

396-478: The pribumi dwellers of Aceh. Foreign ethnic groups, especially Indians , as well as a small amount of Arabs , Persians , Turks , and Portuguese also compromise the ancestry of the Acehnese people. The strategic position of Aceh in the northern tip of the Sumatra island for thousands of years has allowed the region to become a haven for trade and inter-marriage of various people groups, namely those involved in

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432-644: The Aceh Jaya Regency (northwest section of Aceh). Portuguese sailors under the lieutenant leadership of Captain Pinto, were sailing towards Malacca , stopped by and traded there; where some of them remained and settled there. History records that this event occurred between 1492 and 1511; of which at that time the area was under the rule of a small kingdom called Lamno, with King Meureuhom Daya as their ruler. Until this day, some of their descendants can still be seen with European features. Acehnese belongs to

468-481: The Aceh Sultanate . At present, people of Persian and Turkish descent in Indonesia are mostly scattered in Aceh Besar Regency . Names of Persian and Turkish heritage are still being used by Acehnese people to name their children. In fact, the word Banda in the name of Banda Aceh city is also a word of Persian language in origin ( Banda means " port "). People of Portuguese descent are found mainly in

504-727: The Acehnese language have been enriched by absorption from Sanskrit and Arabic language, especially in the field of religion, laws, governance, warfare, arts and knowledge. For centuries, the Acehnese language have also absorbed a lot from the Malay language . Initially, a group of Chamic languages migrant speakers controlled a small region only, namely Banda Aceh in Aceh Besar Regency . Marco Polo (1292) states that Aceh at that time consists of 8 smaller kingdoms, with each of them possessing their own language. The expansion of power on other coastal kingdoms, especially Pidie, Pasai and Daya, and absorption of their population over time in

540-644: The Batak , Gayonese and Alas people , while the Lhan people are allegedly still related to the Semang people group who had migrated from the Malay Peninsula or Indochina (specifically Champa and Burma ). Initially, the Mante people settled in Aceh Besar Regency and later began to spread to other regions. Around the ninth and tenth century there was an influx of Arabian and Persian merchants to

576-676: The Chamic languages , a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages from the Austronesian languages . Languages that are closely related with Acehnese are Cham , Roglai , Jarai , Rade , Chru , Tsat , as well as other Chamic languages that are spoken in Cambodia , Vietnam and Hainan . There are also loanwords from Mon-Khmer languages , many of which are shared with other Chamic languages and had already been borrowed in

612-533: The Dutch colonial rule . The vast majority of Acehnese people are Muslims. The Acehnese people are also referred to by other names such as Lam Muri , Lambri , Akhir , Achin , Asji , A-tse and Atse . Their language, Acehnese , belongs to the Aceh–Chamic group of Malayo-Polynesian of the Austronesian language family. The Acehnese were, for a time, partially Hinduised , as evident from their traditions and

648-635: The Portuguese Empire and the Dutch Empire . Aceh came to international attention as being the hardest-hit region of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake with 120,000 people dead. Archaeological evidence show that the earliest inhabitants of Aceh were from the Pleistocene age, where they lived in the west coast of Aceh ( Langsa and Aceh Tamiang Regency region) and exhibited Australomelanesoid characteristics. They mainly relied on

684-470: The sixteenth century , Aceh was an important cultural and scholastic Islamic center influential throughout much of Southeast Asia . Most of the Minangkabau people who migrated to Aceh settled around Meulaboh and Krueng Seunagan valley. Generally in these fertile areas they manage wet paddy fields and pepper farming, as well as some trading. The mixed population of Acehnese- Minangkabau people

720-418: The 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each village (urban gampong ), and its postal codes. Langsa has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall from February to April and heavy rainfall in the remaining months. Langsa's population

756-487: The Academy of Nursing of "Harapan Ibu", the Academy of Nursing "Yayasan Cut Nyak Dhien" and the Academy of Nursing "UMMI". On 21 September 1953, Darul Islam forces invaded Langsa. They attacked Military Police and Mobile Brigade barracks. TNI repelled DI/TII attack after receiving reinforcement troops from Medan. The city is divided into five districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with areas and their population at

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792-482: The Aceh region. When Marco Polo visited the area in 1292, he mentions that some of the port cities and towns had already converted to Islam . It is commonly thought that when the Samudera Pasai Sultanate was founded, Islam was fully established in the region. Nonetheless, it is clear that Islam was a major religion in and around Aceh by the thirteenth century . During the decline of the Srivijaya kingdom, it

828-613: The Acehnese culture that stemmed from various ancestry are primarily in the Acehnese language , religion of Islam and the local customs, as how it was formulated by Sultan Iskandar Muda in the Adat Makuta Alam laws, which is well known as "Kanun Mahkota Alam". There are many of those who are of Indian descent in Aceh , which are closely linked to trading and the spreading of Hinduism - Buddhism and Islam in Aceh . Those who are of Indian descent are mainly Tamils and Gujarati people which are found spread throughout

864-525: The Proto-Chamic, the ancestral proto-language of all Chamic languages. Other Mon-Khmer loanwords are only found in Acehnese, which suggests that after the split from the Chamic core area, the forebears of the Acehnese people might have lived in the Malay Peninsula or Southern Thailand where they picked up these loanwords from neighboring Mon-Khmer speakers before migrating to Sumatra . Vocabulary of

900-640: The Three Hundred is (insignificant) as the seeds of the drang (a bush which grows like a weed along fences); The people of the clan Ja Sandang are even as anise and cummin (thus a little more valuable). Those of the Ja Batèë (count) for something; The Imeum Peuët it is which makes the world to tremble. " — Oral poem ( hadih maja ) from Snouck Hurgronje 's De Atjeher'' . Most of the Arabs that migrated to Aceh came from Hadhramaut , Yemen . Among

936-587: The Tunong dialect for dialects in the highlands and Baroh dialect for dialects in the lowlands. Most of the dialects that are used in Aceh Besar Regency and Daya, shows that settlements in that region have existed longer than any other regions. There are also many dialects in Pidie Regency , although not as much as in Aceh Besar Regency and Daya. Dialects on the east coast of Pidie Regency and in southern Daya tend to be more homogeneous, so much so that it

972-514: The attempt to break away from Indonesia, and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake , many Acehnese fled abroad. The most significant number of Acehnese can be found in Malaysia and Scandinavian countries. Acehnese immigrants also can be found significantly in Australia , United States and Canada . Langsa Langsa is located 440 kilometres (273 miles) from the city of Banda Aceh ,

1008-459: The entire Aceh . Among some of the Indian people 's influence on the Acehnese people includes the cultural aspects and physical attributes of part of the Acehnese people, as well as the variety in Acehnese cuisine that frequently utilizes curry . Numerous place names of Sanskrit origin (for example, Indrapuri, Aceh Besar ) reflects the cultural heritage of Hinduism in the past. " The tribe of

1044-430: The first to second century BCE. The geographic gap between other Chamic languages and Acehnese may have led to influence on Indochinese speakers of Chamic languages from Malay, Khmer, Thai, and Vietnamese over the following two thousand years. Chinese and Indian sources from 500 CE and onward mention that there was a settlement in northernmost Sumatra (Aceh) which was called P'o-lu . Many scholars believe that P'o-lu

1080-530: The immigrants are those of the Ba Alawi including al- Aydrus ( Aidrus , Aydarus ), al- Attas , al- Kathiri , Badjubier , Sungkar , Bawazier & al- Habsyi and other clans; all of which are Arabic clans that originated from Yemen . They came as ulamas to spread Islam and as traders. Seunagan district for an instance, is well known to this today for numerous of ulamas of the Sayyid descent, of which

1116-577: The local community would address them with the title Teungku Jet or Habib as a form of respect. Similarly, some of the Sultan of Aceh are also descendants of Sayyid . Many of their descendants today have intermarried with the natives Acehnese people and do no longer bear their clan names. There are also those of Persian descent that generally came to spread religion and to trade, while those of Turkish descent generally were invited as ulamas , weapon merchants, military trainers and soldiers of war for

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1152-740: The many Sanskrit words in their language. Trade with the Islamic world resulted in the Islamization of the population and gradually displaced older religions practiced by the Acehnese. As a result, the Acehnese have been Muslims for several centuries and are generally considered one of the most conservative Muslim ethnic groups in Indonesia. The estimated number of Acehnese ranges between 3,526,000 people to 4.2 million people. Traditionally, Acehnese are agriculturists, metal-workers and weavers. Traditionally matrilocal , their social organisation

1188-462: The preservation of the Acehnese language because in every cultural and customary activity, the delivery of such activities is carried out in the Acehnese language . Likewise, the Acehnese language is also commonly used in everyday affairs that are organized by government agencies in Aceh . Traditional Acehnese dance portrays the heritage culture, religion and folklore of the common folk. Acehnese dance are generally performed in groups, either in

1224-478: The province's capital. Langsa is close to its province's southern border and is 167 kilometres (103 miles) from Medan , the capital city of North Sumatra . This makes Langsa a strategic city for trade and traffic between the two provinces. There are several universities in the city of Langsa both state and private universities. Among them are Samudra University and IAIN Zawiyah Cot Kala, Campus LP3I. The city hosts several schools of nursing and midwifery, including

1260-509: The sea trade route from the Middle East to China . Linguist Paul Sidwell wrote that "Sometime during this early phase of language shift, perhaps before the beginning of Common Era, the Chamic speakers who were to become the Acehnese left the mainland on a journey that would ultimately end in northern Sumatra." Using Graham Thurgood 's thesis, Sidwell argues that the Acehnese likely had been separated from Chamic-speaking peoples around

1296-481: Was close to the what is now Banda Aceh . These sources also state that the average person wore cotton clothing while the ruling elite wore silk . The Chinese annals also claim that the local people were Buddhist. Acehnese folklore states that the earliest people of Aceh came from indigenous tribes such as the Mante people and the Lhan people. The Mante people were a local native group believed to be related to

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