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17-566: State health facilities in the district are represented by one central district hospital in Achkhoy-Martan and one district hospital in Samashki . Population: 78,505 ( 2010 Census ) ; 64,839 ( 2002 Census ); 59,837 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The population of Achkhoy-Martan accounts for 25.7% of the district's total population. Samashki Samashki ( Russian : Самашки ; Chechen : СемаӀашка, Semajaşka )

34-692: A result of the April 1995 and March 1996 attacks. The next month, Russian journalist Nadezhda Chaikova , who had filmed the effects of the 1996 attack, was killed execution-style in Chechnya. A devastating artillery and rocket attack on Samashki took place in October 1999 at the beginning of the Second Chechen War , despite the demilitarization of the village, killing or injuring dozens of residents on October 27, 1999 alone, according to HRW. At

51-609: Is a rural locality (a selo ) in Achkhoy-Martanovsky District , Chechnya . Samashki is the administrative center and only settlement of the Samashkinskoye rural settlement . Its population was estimated at 12,769 in 2021. Samashki is located on the left bank of the Sunzha River . It is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of the town of Achkhoy-Martan and 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of

68-401: Is also true of many other North Caucasian peoples, traditionally, Chechen and Ingush men were expected to know the names and places of origin of ancestors on their father's side, going back many generations, with the most common number being considered 7. Many women also memorized this information, and keener individuals can often recite their maternal ancestral line as well. The memorization of

85-488: Is located beyond the railway. Teip A teip (also taip , tayp , teyp ; Chechen and Ingush : тайпа, romanized: taypa [ˈtajpə] , lit. family , kin , clan , tribe ) is a Chechen and Ingush tribal organization or clan , self-identified through descent from a common ancestor or geographic location. It is a sub-unit of the tukkhum and shahar . There are about 150 Chechen and 120 Ingush teips. Teips played an important role in

102-450: The gar , and the neqe . The neqe consists of households sharing the same family name, while the gar is a number of neqe units that together form a common lineage, however that is not always the case. The basic social unit, meanwhile, was the household, consisting of the extended family spanning three or four generations, referred to as the ts' a or the dözal , with married daughters usually living with in

119-686: The Chechen-Ingush ASSR , the village of Samashki was renamed and settled by people from other ethnic groups. From 1944 to 1957, it was a part of the Novoselsky District of Grozny Oblast . In 1958, after the Vainakh people returned and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored, the village regained its old name, Samashki. During both Chechen Wars the village suffered greatly from the hostilities, most notably in

136-475: The 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Samashki (11,263 or 99.9%) were ethnic Chechens, with 12 people (0.1%) coming from other ethnic backgrounds. Members of the following teips (clans) live in Samashki: The R217 federal highway "Caucasus" passes 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the village. Also, a railway line from Nazran to Grozny passes through the village. Part of the village

153-719: The city of Grozny . From the north, the hills of the Sunzhensky ridge reach the village, and from the south, the Samashki Forestry and the Sunzha River. The nearest settlements to Samashki are Raduzhnoye to the north-east, Zakan-Yurt to the east, Novy Sharoy to the south, Davydenko to the south-west, and Sernovodskoye to the west. The name of the village comes from the Chechen : Саь-Маӏашка , which translates roughly as "the place of deers". Samashki

170-540: The clan cemetery, tower, and sanctuary. Land being scarce in mountainous Ingushetia and Chechnya, after the feudal system was overthrown, each teip claimed a definite area of land. Land boundaries were marked by stones with specific marks pointing to a local place of worship. While at first land was owned collectively, individual cultivation ultimately became the norm. In old Chechen and Ingush tradition, women were allowed to own land. The vehement Ingush and Chechen opposition to Soviet collectivization has been explained by

187-411: The household of their spouse. Brothers would share the same land and livestock. The number of teips has been unstable in recent history. While there were 59 Chechen and Ingush teips in the early 19th century, this swelled to a hundred by the mid-19th century, and today there are about 170. New teips could be founded when a large gar broke off and claimed the title of a full-fledged teip. Below

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204-459: The information serves as a way to impute clan loyalty to younger generations. Among peoples of the Caucasus , traditionally, large scale land disputes could sometimes be solved with the help of mutual knowledge of whose ancestors resided where and when. A teip's ancestral land was thus held as sacred, because of its close link to teip identity. It was typically marked by clan symbols, including

221-500: The notorious April 1995 incident known as Samashki massacre committed by the Internal Troops of Russia which resulted in the deaths of 100 to 300 civilians. In March 1996 another attack on the town took the form of a full-scale assault with apparent disregard for civilian lives; according to Human Rights Watch , Russian forces used civilians as a human shields on APCs . Reports suggested some 500 civilians were killed as

238-547: The socioeconomic life of the Chechen and Ingush peoples before and during the Middle Ages , and continue to be an important cultural part to this day. Common teip rules and some features include: Teips being sub-units of tukkhums, members of the same teip are traditionally thought to descend from a common ancestor, and thus are considered distant blood relatives. Teip names were often derived from an ancestral founder. As

255-406: The threat it posed to the traditional customs of land allotment. Each teip had an elected council of elders, a court of justice, and its own set of customs. The civilian chief, referred to as the thamda or kh'alkhancha , chaired the council of elders. The baechcha , meanwhile, was the military leader. The teip has its own subdivisions, in order of their progressive nesting, the vaer ,

272-658: The time, the deputy commander of the North Caucasus Military District announced that there were only "bandits and terrorists" in Samashki, but a report for the British parliament claimed civilians were killed in revenge for the heavy casualties suffered there by Russian forces during the first war. Federal forces reported a large-scale operation in Samashki in May 2000. According to the results of

289-526: Was founded in 1851, as a part of the Sunzhensky Cossack line, on the site of the destroyed Chechen village of Lower Samashki. In 1920, the entire Cossack population of the village was evicted by order of Sergo Ordzhonikidze . The village was then given back to the Chechens, who repopulated it. In 1944, after the genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people and the abolition of

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