Misplaced Pages

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119-500: The loan program was authorized under section 136 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 , which provided the program with $ 25 billion in loan authority, supported by a $ 7.5 billion appropriation to fund the credit subsidy, or the 30% risk profile expected for projects of this type. To qualify, automakers and eligible component manufacturers must promise to increase the fuel economy of their products by 25% over

238-436: A $ 21.8 billion 10-year tax package) failed by a one-vote margin. A final attempt to end debate and make way for a vote failed by 59–40 despite the return of four Democratic presidential candidates, Hillary Clinton (NY), Barack Obama (Ill.), Christopher Dodd (Conn.), and Joseph Biden (Del.). Nine Republicans voted in favor of ending debate while one Democrat, Sen. Mary Landrieu (D-La.) voted against it. Sen. John McCain

357-605: A $ 465 million loan to Tesla Motors to manufacture its new electric sedan. These are the first conditional loans released under DOE's Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program, which is using an open, competitive process to provide about $ 25 billion in loans to companies that produce cars or vehicle components in the United States. To qualify, companies must propose projects that increase fuel economy to at least 25% above 2005 fuel economy levels. By 2014, Ford and Nissan were making payments, while Tesla paid back

476-473: A $ 9.2 billion loan for Blue Oval City , a battery plant by Ford and SK Innovation . Nissan aims to manufacture a cost-competitive electric vehicle with a lithium-ion battery pack in Smyrna, Tennessee , and plans to eventually reach a production capacity of 150,000 vehicles per year. The Nissan Leaf is produced at Nissan's Smyrna assembly plant since 2013, along with cells for its batteries. Nissan repaid

595-642: A conditional deal with the Taliban to withdraw United States troops from Afghanistan in 2021 . Trump met North Korea 's leader Kim Jong Un three times. He withdrew the United States from the Iran nuclear agreement and later escalated tensions in the Persian Gulf by ordering the assassination of General Qasem Soleimani . Robert Mueller 's Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019) concluded that Russia interfered to favor Trump's candidacy and that while

714-501: A dark picture of contemporary America, pledging to end "American carnage" caused by urban crime and saying America's "wealth, strength, and confidence has dissipated" by jobs lost overseas. He declared his strategy would be " America First ." The largest single-day protest in U.S. history, the Women's March , took place the day after his inauguration and was driven by opposition to Trump and his policies and views. The Trump administration

833-417: A distinctive part of his political identity, and they have also been described by Republican political advisor Amanda Carpenter as a gaslighting tactic. His White House had dismissed the idea of objective truth , and his campaign and presidency have been described as being " post-truth ", as well as hyper- Orwellian . Trump's rhetorical signature included disregarding data from federal institutions that

952-461: A down payment on a new energy future," referring to its investment in renewable energy resources from solar and wind power generation facilities. Proponents believed that investing the new tax revenue in renewable energy resources would foster a new industry, creating more jobs and helping to reduce American dependency on oil imports. They claimed that as many as 3.3 million new jobs would be created, cutting unemployment , adding $ 1.4 trillion to

1071-543: A letter to the Financial Times he argued that the reduced harvest and the large demand for corn created by the quota has caused an unaffordable price rise in a key food crop. At this point the quota meant that biofuel production accounted for 40% of the entire US corn crop. According to research sponsored by the United States government, the World Bank, and other organizations, there is no clear link between

1190-472: A major arms sale to Saudi Arabia ; denied citizens from several Muslim-majority countries entry into the United States; recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel ; and brokered the Abraham Accords , a series of normalization agreements between Israel and various Arab states . Trump withdrew United States troops from northern Syria, allowing Turkey to occupy the area . His administration made

1309-775: A management technique, resulting in low morale and policy confusion among his staff. Trump proved unable to effectively compromise during the 115th U.S. Congress , which led to significant governmental gridlock and few notable legislative accomplishments despite Republican control of both houses of Congress. Presidential historian Doris Kearns Goodwin found Trump lacked several traits of an effective leader, including "humility, acknowledging errors, shouldering blame and learning from mistakes, empathy, resilience, collaboration, connecting with people and controlling unproductive emotions." In January 2018, Axios reported Trump's working hours were typically around 11:00   a.m. to 6:00   p.m. (a later start and an earlier end compared to

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1428-500: A real nut job   ... I faced great pressure because of Russia. That's taken off." On May 11, Trump said in a videoed interview, "...   regardless of recommendation, I was going to fire Comey   ... in fact, when I decided to just do it, I said to myself, I said, you know, this Russia thing with Trump and Russia is a made-up story." On May 18, Rosenstein told members of the U.S. Senate that he recommended Comey's dismissal while knowing Trump had already decided to fire Comey. In

1547-558: A rival bid from Hong Kong billionaire Richard Li . In 2022, the program granted $ 107 million to Syrah Technologies to assist its graphite-based active anode material Vidalia Facility in Louisiana. The grant was the first in over 10 years. The joint venture of General Motors and LG Energy Solution , Ultium Cells LLC, won a $ 2.5 billion loan in December 2022. The company intends to use the loan towards setting up three US factories in

1666-511: A sitting president, Roberts criticized Trump's characterization of a judge who had ruled against his policies as an "Obama judge", adding "That's not law." In October 2020, twenty Republican former U.S. attorneys , among them appointees by each Republican president since Eisenhower, characterized Trump as "a threat to the rule of law in our country." Greg Brower , who worked in the Trump administration, asserted, "It's clear that President Trump views

1785-481: A variety of allegations, at least some of which had already been investigated or debunked. In spring 2018, Trump told White House counsel Don McGahn he wanted to order the Department of Justice to prosecute Clinton and Comey, but McGahn advised Trump such action would constitute abuse of power and invite possible impeachment . In May 2018, Trump demanded that the Department of Justice investigate "whether or not

1904-550: A veto threat, "We are the Congress of the United States. We can write things even though the president may not like them." Democrats said that the tax measure was modest and only took back tax breaks the oil companies received in 2004 and that they did not need them with oil prices at about $ 90 a barrel. The House version of the bill (with $ 13 billion raised from the oil industry, a mandate that utilities rely on renewable energy for at least 15 percent of their power generation, and

2023-494: Is the only commercial fuel that meets this requirement . Title III contains standards for ten appliances and equipment: residential boilers , clothes dryers , room air conditioners , clothes washers , residential water heaters , dishwashers , kitchen stove ovens, microwave ovens , and dehumidifiers . Previous national efficiency standards for covered products were made in 1987, 1988, 1992 and 2005. Industrial and commercial buildings are responsible for using almost half of

2142-464: The 2016 U.S. presidential election , though Trump had chosen Bill Hagerty to begin planning for the transition in August 2016. During the transition period, Trump announced nominations for his cabinet and administration . Trump was inaugurated on January 20, 2017, succeeding Barack Obama . He was sworn in by Chief Justice John Roberts . In his seventeen-minute inaugural address, Trump painted

2261-463: The 2016 presidential election , in which he lost the popular vote to Clinton by nearly three million votes. Upon his inauguration, he became the first president in American history without prior public office or military background . Trump made an unprecedented number of false or misleading statements during his 2016 campaign and first presidency. His first presidency ended following his defeat in

2380-528: The 2020 presidential election to former Democratic vice president Joe Biden , after his first term in office. Trump was unsuccessful in his efforts to repeal the Affordable Care Act but rescinded the individual mandate . He sought substantial spending cuts to major welfare programs, including Medicare and Medicaid . Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and a partial repeal of

2499-802: The Democratic Party's 100-Hour Plan during the 110th Congress , it was introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Representative Nick Rahall of West Virginia , along with 198 cosponsors. Even though Rahall was 1 of only 4 Democrats to oppose the final bill, it passed in the House without amendment in January 2007. When the Act was introduced in the Senate in June 2007, it

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2618-553: The Department of Energy (DOE), responsible for overseeing the program, finalized the rule 36 days later on November 5, 2008 (compared to 18 months usually needed for such rule making). This program is unrelated to the United States Treasury Department 's Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) which has been providing bailout funding to two of the big three U.S. automakers to reduce the effects of

2737-793: The Energy Policy Act of 2005 . One provision suspended royalty fees on oil and gas production in certain waters of the Gulf of Mexico. A provision of the Energy Policy Act that protects drilling permit applicants from additional fees to recover the cost of processing paperwork would also be repealed, and special policies for leases in the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska and royalty relief for specific offshore drilling in Alaska would be discontinued. Title III of

2856-676: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) about his contacts with Russia. Flynn was fired amidst the ongoing controversy concerning Russian interference in the 2016 election and accusations that Trump's electoral team colluded with Russian agents. In July 2017, John F. Kelly , who had served as secretary of Homeland Security , replaced Priebus as chief of staff. In September 2017, Tom Price resigned as Secretary of HHS amid criticism over his use of private charter jets for personal travel. Kirstjen Nielsen succeeded Kelly as secretary in December 2017. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson

2975-606: The Federal Government when the price of oil and gas exceeds a certain level. These companies would be required to renegotiate their leases to include price thresholds that are equal or less than thresholds described in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act. Companies who failed to renegotiate their leases or pay the fees would not be allowed to obtain any oil or gas leases in the Gulf of Mexico. Title II also repealed several provisions of

3094-874: The President's Daily Brief , in favor of receiving oral briefings. Intelligence briefers reportedly repeated the President's name and title in order to keep his attention. He was also known to acquire information by watching up to eight hours of television each day, most notably Fox News programs such as Fox & Friends and Hannity , whose broadcast talking points Trump sometimes repeated in public statements, particularly in early morning tweets. Trump reportedly expressed anger if intelligence analyses contradicted his beliefs or public statements, with two briefers stating they had been instructed by superiors to not provide Trump with information that contradicted his public statements. Trump had reportedly fostered chaos as

3213-536: The U.S. courts of appeals , more than any modern president in the first two years of a presidential term. Trump ultimately appointed 226 Article III federal judges and 260 federal judges in total. His appointees, who were usually affiliated with the conservative Federalist Society , shifted the judiciary to the right . A third of Trump's appointees were under 45 years old when appointed, far higher than under previous presidents. Trump's judicial nominees were less likely to be female or ethnic minority than those of

3332-425: The gross national product in the economy, and paying for itself within ten years. Air quality would be improved by reducing the amount of emissions released by using a cleaner energy source other than oil. Another supporter of the bill, Representative Steve Rothman of New Jersey , said that if the proposed bill passed, "the U.S. can improve air quality , create jobs, and corner a new business market." Under

3451-584: The $ 25 billion to be loaned immediately, as well as another $ 25 billion to be loaned later to cover retirees health care costs. As originally worded, the program was applicable only to four-wheeled passenger vehicles. In October 2009, a bill sponsored by California Representatives Brian Bilbray and Adam Schiff was passed extending the program's coverage to include high mileage (equivalent to 75 mpg ‑US or 3.1 L/100 km or 90 mpg ‑imp ) two- and three-wheeled vehicles. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced in December 2008

3570-413: The 10% of people with the most conservative online information diets." Brendan Nyhan , one of the authors of the study, said in an interview, "People got vastly more misinformation from Donald Trump than they did from fake news websites." In October 2018, Trump praised U.S. representative Greg Gianforte for assaulting political reporter Ben Jacobs in 2017. According to analysts, the incident marked

3689-544: The 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States . The two programs were enacted during the Automotive industry crisis of 2008–10 , but with different purposes. It has been speculated that at least two of the Big Three U.S. automobile manufacturers may not be able to qualify for this program because of its fuel economy and financial solvency requirements. In November 2008, the auto industry began lobbying for

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3808-399: The 2017 phone logs or email metadata of reporters from CNN, The New York Times , The Washington Post , BuzzFeed , and Politico as part of investigations into leaks of classified information. Trump continued his use of Twitter following the presidential campaign. He continued to personally tweet from @realDonaldTrump , his personal account, while his staff tweet on his behalf using

3927-624: The Act as a way of lowering energy costs to consumers. The bill followed another major piece of energy legislation, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 . The bill originally sought to cut subsidies to the petroleum industry in order to promote petroleum independence and different forms of alternative energy . These tax changes were ultimately dropped after opposition in the Senate, and the final bill focused on automobile fuel economy , development of biofuels , and energy efficiency in public buildings and lighting. The bill signed into law in December 2007

4046-510: The CFPB reduced enforcement of rules that protected consumers from predatory payday lenders . Trump scrapped a proposed rule from the Obama administration that airlines disclose baggage fees. Trump reduced enforcement of regulations against airlines; fines levied by the administration in 2017 were less than half of what the Obama administration did the year before. The New York Times summarized

4165-813: The Dodd–Frank Act . He appointed Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , and Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court . Trump reversed numerous environmental regulations , withdrew from the Paris Agreement on climate change , and signed the Great American Outdoors Act but later issued an Executive Order undercutting its impact. He signed the First Step Act aimed at reforming federal prisons . He enacted tariffs , triggering retaliatory tariffs from China , Canada, Mexico, and

4284-716: The European Union. He withdrew from the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations and signed the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement , a successor to the North American Free Trade Agreement with modest changes. The federal deficit significantly increased under Trump due to spending increases and tax cuts. Trump implemented a controversial family separation policy for migrants apprehended at

4403-713: The FBI/DOJ infiltrated or surveilled the Trump Campaign for Political Purposes," which the Department of Justice referred to its inspector general . Although it is not unlawful for a president to exert influence on the Department of Justice to open an investigation, presidents have assiduously avoided doing so to prevent perceptions of political interference. Sessions resisted several demands by Trump and his allies for investigations of political opponents, causing Trump to repeatedly express frustration, saying at one point, "I don't have an attorney general." While criticizing

4522-655: The First Amendment and he must unblock them. The ruling was upheld on appeal. His tweets have been reported as ill-considered, impulsive, vengeful, and bullying , often being made late at night or in the early hours of the morning. His tweets about a Muslim ban were successfully turned against his administration to halt two versions of travel restrictions from some Muslim-majority countries. He has used Twitter to threaten and intimidate his political opponents and potential political allies needed to pass bills. Many tweets appear to be based on stories Trump has seen in

4641-520: The Ford loans will finance advances in traditional combustion engines and electrified vehicles and help raise the fuel efficiency of more than two dozen popular models. The V6 EcoBoost engine benefited from the loan, and is installed in many cars as well as over 500,000 F-150 , saving 268 million gallons of gasoline by 2014. Ford expects to pay the rest of the loan by 2023. In 2023, the Program approved

4760-634: The Justice Department and the FBI as his own personal law firm and investigative agency." Early into his presidency, Trump developed a highly contentious relationship with the news media, repeatedly referring to them as the " fake news media" and "the enemy of the people ." As a candidate, Trump had refused press credentials for offending publications but said he would not do so if elected. Trump both privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters' White House press credentials . At

4879-427: The Justice Department replaced the prosecutors' proposed sentence with a lighter proposal. This gave the appearance of presidential interference in a criminal case and caused a strong negative reaction. All four of the original prosecutors withdrew from the case; more than a thousand former Department of Justice lawyers signed a letter condemning the action. On July 10, Trump commuted the sentence of Stone days before he

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4998-566: The Mueller probe, the Ukraine probe , immigration, and the COVID-19 pandemic . Senior administration officials had also regularly given false, misleading, or tortured statements to the news media, which made it difficult for the news media to take official statements seriously. Shortly before Trump secured the 2016 Republican nomination, The New York Times reported "legal experts across

5117-538: The RFS and higher food prices . Ethanol critics contend that RFS requirements crowd out production that would go to feed livestock. First presidency of Donald Trump Donald Trump 's tenure as the 45th president of the United States began on January 20, 2017, when Trump was inaugurated and ended on January   20, 2021. Trump, a Republican from New York , took office following his electoral college victory over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton in

5236-511: The Renewable Fuel Standard increased corn prices by 30% and those of soybeans and wheat by 20%. These price hikes increased corn cultivation by 8.7% which necessitated additional fertilizer usage that increased rates of nitrous oxide emissions and water pollution. The price hikes also incited land-use change that increased the total U.S. cropland extent by 2.4% through 2016 and resulted in substantial carbon emissions. In total,

5355-418: The Senate to resolve their differences. The House took up the energy bill again in December, passing a new version on December 6. This version, renamed the "Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007", restored the oil industry tax increases of the original bill. It also added a requirement that U.S. electric utilities must obtain 15 percent of their power from renewable sources by 2020. When this bill

5474-655: The Service resigning on the same day. Trump's fiscal 2020 budget proposed a 15% funding cut for the Agriculture Department, calling farm subsidies "overly generous". The administration reversed a Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) rule that had made it easier for aggrieved consumers to pursue class actions against banks; the Associated Press characterized the reversal as a victory for Wall Street banks. Under Mick Mulvaney 's tenure,

5593-570: The Strategic Energy Efficiency and Renewables Reserve would be used for "politically connected pet projects," citing a similar fund created by the Carter administration that went bankrupt after only a few years. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce said that the bill would punish an industry that has made many Americans wealthy for generations, adding that "Congress and various Administrations have perhaps imposed more regulations on

5712-543: The Trump administration's "general approach to law enforcement" as "cracking down on violent crime", "not regulating the police departments that fight it", and overhauling "programs that the Obama administration used to ease tensions between communities and the police". Trump reversed a ban on providing federal military equipment to local police departments and reinstated the use of civil asset forfeiture . The administration stated that it would no longer investigate police departments and publicize their shortcomings in reports,

5831-499: The U.S. has experienced democratic backsliding . Many prominent Republicans have expressed similar concerns that Trump's perceived disregard for the rule of law betrayed conservative principles. During the first two years of his presidency, Trump repeatedly sought to influence the Department of Justice to investigate Clinton, the Democratic National Committee , and Comey. He persistently repeated

5950-399: The U.S. will become a less attractive place to produce oil and natural gas. This essentially creates incentives for foreign importation and could kill manufacturing jobs in an industry that employs nearly 1.8 million Americans." Congressmen representing automobile manufacturing regions objected to the proposed increase in fuel economy standards. They said the measure would sharply increase

6069-705: The United Nations . Days after the presidential election, Trump selected RNC Chairman Reince Priebus as his chief of staff . Trump chose Sessions for the position of attorney general. In February 2017, Trump formally announced his cabinet structure, elevating the Director of National Intelligence and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency to cabinet level. The Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers , which had been added to

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6188-412: The United States by 2022. The study found that the United States already has the capacity to produce 14 billion gallons of corn-grain ethanol (an amount close to the consumption mandate for conventional biofuels in 2022) and has infrastructure for producing 2.7 billion gallons of biomass-based diesel, Some of the key factors that influence environmental effects of biofuels are site specific and depend on

6307-475: The United States–Mexico border, starting in 2018. His demand for the federal funding of a border wall resulted in the longest US government shutdown in history . He deployed federal law enforcement forces in response to the racial unrest in 2020 . Trump's " America First " foreign policy was characterized by unilateral actions, disregarding traditional norms and allies. His administration implemented

6426-510: The act is "to move the United States toward greater energy independence and security , to increase the production of clean renewable fuels , to protect consumers, to increase the efficiency of products, buildings, and vehicles, to promote research on and deploy greenhouse gas capture and storage options, and to improve the energy performance of the Federal Government, and for other purposes.". House Speaker Nancy Pelosi promoted

6545-487: The aftermath of Comey's firing, the events were compared with those of the " Saturday Night Massacre " during Richard Nixon 's administration and there was debate over whether Trump had provoked a constitutional crisis , as he had dismissed the man leading an investigation into Trump's associates. Trump's statements raised concerns of potential obstruction of justice. In Comey's memo about a February 2017 meeting with Trump , Comey said Trump attempted to persuade him to abort

6664-477: The aftermath of the Watergate scandal, inspectors general find themselves under systematic attack from the president, putting independent oversight of federal spending and operations at risk." Trump dismissed FBI Director James Comey on May 9, 2017, saying he had accepted the recommendations of Attorney General Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein to dismiss Comey. Sessions's recommendation

6783-519: The average fuel economy of similar 2005 models, and apply the loans to future investments "reasonably related to the reequipping, expanding, or establishing a manufacturing facility in the U.S." In distributing the loans the DOE may decide which technologies it believes are most promising and deserving of assistance. Loan recipients must also be "financially viable" for the length of the loan. Given 60 days by congressional statute to issue an interim final rule,

6902-706: The beginning of his presidency) and that he was holding fewer meetings during his working hours in order to accommodate Trump's desire for more unstructured free time (labelled as "executive time"). In 2019, Axios published Trump's schedule from November 7, 2018, to February 1, 2019, and calculated that around sixty percent of the time between 8:00   a.m. and 5:00   p.m. was "executive time." The number and scale of Trump's statements in public speeches, remarks, and tweets identified as false by scholars, fact-checkers, and commentators were characterized as unprecedented for an American president, and even unprecedented in U.S. politics. The New Yorker called falsehoods

7021-474: The bill created a Strategic Energy Efficiency and Renewables Reserve, an account to hold additional money received by the Federal Government as a result of the enactment of the act, and to offset the cost of subsequent legislation. Opponents argued that the act would "increase Americans reliance on foreign sources of energy by making new domestic exploration and production more costly" and stated that markets should drive U.S. energy policy. They were concerned that

7140-597: The bill's provisions regarding renegotiation of leases as a violation of binding contracts , calling the bill "a violation of the Taxpayer Protection Pledge" since it wouldn't create tax cuts to offset the additional revenue it would raise. Representative Ted Poe said the bill "will decrease U.S. exploration and will increase our dependence on foreign oil," and, "by raising taxes and fees on oil and gas companies that choose to manufacture in America,

7259-407: The cabinet by Obama in 2009, was removed from the cabinet. Trump's cabinet consisted of 24 members, more than Obama at 23 or George W. Bush at 21. On February 13, 2017, Trump fired Michael Flynn from the post of National Security Advisor on grounds that he had lied to Vice President Pence about his communications with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak ; Flynn later pleaded guilty to lying to

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7378-427: The company began to suffer from financial issues. In 2013, the company declared voluntary bankruptcy. The DOE would ultimately reclaim $ 28 million from Fisker for a total of $ 53 million recovered of its $ 192 million loan. The money came from a three-day auction in which Chinese auto parts supplier Wanxiang Group received court approval on February 18, 2014, to buy the assets of Fisker with a bid of $ 149.2 million against

7497-426: The cost of new cars, lowering demand and further burdening the struggling automotive industry. Representative John Dingell of Michigan advocated instead an increase in the federal gasoline tax, which he said would have more immediate effects on oil consumption by influencing consumer behavior (i.e. car purchase decisions and total miles driven). Compact fluorescent lamps were an existing technology that exceeded

7616-558: The course of his first six years in office. Trump's cabinet included U.S. senator from Alabama Jeff Sessions as attorney general , banker Steve Mnuchin as Treasury Secretary , retired Marine Corps general James Mattis as Defense Secretary , and ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson as Secretary of State . Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon Ben Carson as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development , and South Carolina governor Nikki Haley as Ambassador to

7735-470: The day after the election, Trump was projected to have won Wisconsin (a flip from the previous presidential election ), thereby receiving enough electoral votes to secure the presidency, becoming the president-elect of the United States . Trump won the presidential election with 304 electoral votes compared to Clinton's 227, though Clinton won a plurality of the nationwide popular vote, receiving nearly 2.9 million more votes than Trump. Trump thus became

7854-431: The development of advanced vehicle technologies. Additionally, DOE has spent approximately $ 3.3 billion on federal credit subsidies costs in order to secure the loans for the few approved companies. The loan commitments include a $ 5.9 billion loan to Ford for upgrading factories in five states to produce 13 more fuel-efficient models, a $ 1.6 billion loan to Nissan to build advanced electric vehicles and advanced batteries, and

7973-615: The emissions from these changes were sufficient to make corn-ethanol's carbon intensity no lower than gasoline's and up to 24% higher. In December 2011, the U.S. Congress defunded enforcement of EISA Title III light-bulb performance requirements as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act in the 2012 federal budget . However, a representative of the American lighting industry said that "the industry has moved on" and that American manufacturers have already retooled production lines to make other bulbs. In

8092-434: The enactment of conflicting bans and efficiency standards by state governments. The initial version of H.R. 6 passed the House of Representatives on January 18, 2007, by a vote of 264 to 163. The Senate version passed 65–27 on June 21, but bore almost no resemblance to the original bill. Speaker Pelosi indicated on Oct 10 that instead of sending the bill to a conference committee , the House would negotiate informally with

8211-577: The fifth person to win the presidency while losing the popular vote . The electoral votes were certified on January 6, 2017. In the concurrent congressional elections , Republicans maintained their majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate , and Speaker of the House Paul Ryan and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell both remained in their posts. The presidential transition period began following Trump's victory in

8330-452: The first time the president has "openly and directly praised a violent act against a journalist on American soil." Later that month, as CNN and prominent Democrats were targeted with mail bombs , Trump initially condemned the bomb attempts but shortly thereafter blamed the "Mainstream Media that I refer to as Fake News" for causing "a very big part of the anger we see today in our society." The Trump Justice Department obtained by court order

8449-607: The funds to upgrade its engine plants in Dearborn, Michigan; Cleveland, Ohio; and Lima, Ohio , and to upgrade its transmission plants in Livonia, Michigan; Sterling Heights, Michigan; and Sharonville, Ohio. Ford will also upgrade its assembly plants in Chicago, Illinois; Louisville, Kentucky; Dearborn, Michigan; Wayne, Michigan; and Kansas City, Missouri, converting two of the truck factories into assembly plants for cars. In addition,

8568-458: The government, while Ford, Nissan and Fisker had not up to that moment. The fourth conditional commitment that the Department of Energy has entered into under the ATVM Loan program is a $ 528.7 million loan for Fisker Automotive for the development of two lines of plug-in hybrids by 2016. Fisker received $ 192 million, before losing access to the rest of the loan. Fisker later defaulted once

8687-540: The inauguration crowd had been the biggest in history, a claim disproven by photographs. Trump's senior adviser Kellyanne Conway then defended Spicer when asked about the falsehood, saying it was an " alternative fact ", not a falsehood. The administration frequently sought to punish and block access for reporters who broke stories about the administration. Trump frequently criticized right-wing media outlet Fox News for being insufficiently supportive of him, threatening to lend his support for alternatives to Fox News on

8806-648: The initial EISA 2007 requirements for lumens per watt. LED bulbs were not in widespread use or affordable in 2007. Energy efficient halogen bulbs also met the minimum EISA requirements (see below). The majority of the supporters for the original bill were Representatives from the Democratic party. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi described the vote as "the first step toward a future of energy independence." Moira Chapin, Environment California Federal Field Organizer, said "the 110th Congress made

8925-462: The investigation into Flynn. After Republicans won control of the U.S. Senate in 2014, only 28.6 percent of judicial nominees were confirmed, "the lowest percentage of confirmations from 1977 to 2018". At the end of the Obama presidency, 105 judgeships were vacant. Senate Republicans, led by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell , prioritized confirming Trump's judicial appointees, doing so rapidly. By November 2018, Trump had appointed 29 judges to

9044-599: The law, incandescent bulbs that produced 310–2600 lumens of light were effectively phased out between 2012 and 2014 unless they could meet the increasing energy efficiency standards mandated by the bill. Bulbs outside this range (roughly, light bulbs currently less than 40 watts or more than 150 watts) were exempt from the ban. Also exempt were several classes of speciality lights, including appliance lamps, "rough service" bulbs, 3-way, colored lamps, and plant lights. In 2013, Advanced Lighting Technologies, an Ohio company that develops and manufactures lighting products, announced

9163-589: The loan in 2013. Nissan eventually repaid the loan in 2017. The program has earned the government nearly $ 3 billion in interest. The program had not issued new loans since 2011, and six applicants were seeking around $ 12 billion of loans in early 2020. The federal government has considered shutting down the program under the Trump Administration . As of February 2023, the Department was analyzing 126 proposals for loans totaling $ 126 billion. Ford Motor Company will receive its loans through 2011, using

9282-531: The loan in 2017. Tesla Motors will use its funding ( US$ 465 million ) to finance a California-based manufacturing facility for the Tesla Model S sedan, an all-electric sedan that can be recharged at a conventional 120-volt or 240-volt outlet. Production will begin in 2011 and ramp up to 20,000 vehicles per year by the end of 2013. Tesla repaid the loan in May 2013, and was the first car company to have fully repaid

9401-474: The media, including far-right news websites such as Breitbart and television shows such as Fox & Friends . Trump used Twitter to attack federal judges who ruled against him in court cases and to criticize officials within his own administration, including then- Secretary of State Rex Tillerson , then- National Security Advisor H. R. McMaster , Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein , and, at various times, Attorney General Jeff Sessions. Tillerson

9520-442: The nation's energy and greenhouse gas emissions, costing over $ 200 billion each year. Title IV aims to reduce the energy used of Federal buildings by 30 percent by the year 2015. The House passed versions of the bill which contained two controversial provisions: a renewable portfolio standard which required that utilities to produce 15% of their power from renewable energy and a tax package which would fund renewable energy through

9639-760: The nomination by winning a majority of the delegates to become the presumptive nominee for the Republican Party following the party's presidential primaries. Trump selected Governor Mike Pence of Indiana as his running mate , and they were officially nominated as the Republican ticket at the 2016 Republican National Convention . With Democratic president Barack Obama term-limited, the Democrats nominated former secretary of state Hillary Clinton of New York for president and Senator Tim Kaine of Virginia for vice president. Early on November 9, 2016,

9758-510: The official @POTUS account. His use of Twitter was unconventional for a president, with his tweets initiating controversy and becoming news in their own right. Some scholars have referred to his time in office as the "first true Twitter presidency." The Trump administration described Trump's tweets as "official statements by the President of the United States." The federal judge Naomi Reice Buchwald ruled in 2018 that Trump's blocking of other Twitter users due to opposing political views violated

9877-451: The oil and gas industry than any other industry in the United States." The Chamber said it supported the rapid development of alternative fuels but that the new technologies are not developed enough, and are insufficient to make any real difference. It believed more regulation on oil and gas producers is not the answer to the energy problem. Grover Norquist , Conservative activist and president of Americans for Tax Reform , characterized

9996-572: The pace and volume of the president's misstatements means that we cannot possibly keep up." The Post found that as president, Trump made more than 30,000 false or misleading claims, increasing from an average of six a day in his first year as president to 39 claims a day in his final year. The most common false or misleading claims by Trump involved the economy and jobs, his border wall proposal, and his tax legislation; he had also made false statements regarding prior administrations, as well as other topics, including crime, terrorism, immigration, Russia and

10115-600: The period during which five major integrated oil companies must write off their expenditures on geological and geophysical studies related to oil exploration . Title II, the "Royalty Relief for American Consumers Act of 2007," addressed an oversight that occurred when the Interior Department issued oil and gas leases for off-shore drilling in the Gulf of Mexico in 1998 and 1999. The leases didn't include price thresholds that require companies to pay royalties to

10234-653: The political spectrum say" Trump's rhetoric reflected "a constitutional worldview that shows contempt for the First Amendment , the separation of powers , and the rule of law ," adding "many conservative and libertarian legal scholars warn that electing Mr. Trump is a recipe for a constitutional crisis ." Political scientists warned that candidate Trump's rhetoric and actions mimicked those of other politicians who ultimately turned authoritarian once in office. Some scholars have concluded that during Trump's tenure as president and largely due to his actions and rhetoric,

10353-474: The prevailing evidence "did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government", possible obstructions of justice occurred during the course of that investigation. Trump attempted to pressure Ukraine to announce investigations into his political rival Joe Biden, triggering his first impeachment by the House of Representatives on December   18, 2019, but he

10472-493: The previous administration. Of Trump's judicial appointments to the U.S. courts of appeals (circuit courts), two-thirds were white men, compared to 31% of Obama nominees and 63% of George W. Bush nominees. Trump made three nominations to the Supreme Court : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , and Amy Coney Barrett : Trump's own staffers, subordinates, and allies frequently characterized Trump as infantile. Trump reportedly eschewed reading detailed briefing documents, including

10591-491: The program by 2010, but few were approved. Many of the companies which were denied loans have since gone out of business. Among the applicants denied were: Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ( Pub.L. 110-140 ), originally named the Clean Energy Act of 2007 , is an Act of Congress concerning the energy policy of the United States . As part of

10710-788: The recently announced $ 25 billion Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program. These projects were selected under three diverse topic areas: lithium-ion battery materials and manufacturing ( 3M Company for developing advanced anode; BASF Catalyst for domestic production of low cost cathode materials and FMC Corporation for scaling up production of stabilized lithium metal powder for high energy cathodes); thermoelectric heating, ventilation and air conditioning (TE HVAC system); and aerodynamic heavy-duty truck trailers ( Navistar International Corporation ). ATVM budget USDOE announced in 2009 $ 8.4 billion in conditional loan agreements for Ford Motor Company ; Nissan North America , Inc.; Tesla Motors , Inc. and Fisker Automotive to fund

10829-605: The release of an incandescent bulb that it claimed significantly exceeds the efficiency requirements of the law By 2020, a second tier of restrictions was set to take effect, requiring all general-purpose bulbs to produce at least 45 lumens per watt (similar to CFLs in 2007 but far less efficient than that the LED bulbs that have since become available and affordable). Exemptions from the Act included reflector floodlights, 3-way bulbs, candelabra, colored bulbs, and other specialty bulbs. The phase-out of inefficient incandescent light bulbs

10948-465: The remaining 2,000 American troops in Syria would be withdrawn, against the recommendations of his military and civilian advisors. Trump fired numerous inspectors general of agencies, including those who were probing the Trump administration and close Trump associates. In 2020, he fired five inspectors general in two months. The Washington Post wrote, "For the first time since the system was created in

11067-621: The repeal of $ 21 billion in oil and gas tax breaks; the Senate failed to pass these provisions in two cloture votes. On June 21, 2007, an attempt by the Senate Democrats to raise taxes on oil & gas by $ 32 billion was reportedly blocked by the Republicans. Title I of the original bill, the "Ending Subsidies for Big Oil Act of 2007," denied certain tax deductions to producers of oil, natural gas , or primary products of oil or natural gas, and increased from five to seven years

11186-584: The results . At a rally on January 6, 2021, Trump urged his supporters to march to the Capitol , where the electoral votes were being counted by Congress in order to formalize Biden's victory. A mob of Trump supporters stormed the Capitol , suspending the count and causing Vice President Mike Pence and other members of Congress to be evacuated. On January 13, the House voted to impeach Trump an unprecedented second time for incitement of insurrection , but he

11305-502: The right. On August 16, 2018, the Senate unanimously passed a resolution affirming that "the press is not the enemy of the people." The relationship between Trump, the news media, and fake news has been studied. One study found that between October   7 and November 14, 2016, while one in four Americans visited a fake news website , "Trump supporters visited the most fake news websites, which were overwhelmingly pro-Trump" and "almost 6   in 10 visits to fake news websites came from

11424-428: The risk of further incitement of violence" following the Capitol attack . Trump announced in his final tweet before the suspension that he would not attend the inauguration of Joe Biden . Other social media platforms like Facebook , Snapchat , YouTube and others also suspended the official handles of Donald Trump. Due to Trump's trade tariffs combined with depressed commodities prices, American farmers faced

11543-409: The road. Title I is responsible for 60% of the estimated energy savings of the bill. Title II contains the first legislation that specifically requires the creation of biomass-based diesel fuel, which is the addition of renewable biofuels to diesel fuel . To be labeled as Biomass-based Diesel, fuel must be able to reduce emissions by 50 percent when compared to petroleum diesel. As of now, Biodiesel

11662-571: The same time, the Trump White House gave temporary press passes to far-right pro-Trump fringe outlets, such as InfoWars and The Gateway Pundit , which are known for publishing hoaxes and conspiracy theories . On his first day in office, Trump falsely accused journalists of understating the size of the crowd at his inauguration and called the news media "among the most dishonest human beings on earth." Trump's claims were notably defended by Press Secretary Sean Spicer , who claimed

11781-476: The second generation biofuels has not been realized; biofuels are still mainly produced from corn grain and soy beans. The impacts on environment is predominantly negative and include land use shift from conservation to agriculture, increase in water abstraction for irrigation, reduction in air and water quality, and reduced biodiversity. A 2021 study led by researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that

11900-472: The selection of six cost-shared research projects for the development and demonstration of alternative vehicle technology projects totaling a DOE investment of up to $ 14.55 million over three years, subject to annual appropriations. Private sector contributions will further increase the financial investment for a total of up to $ 29.3 million. The selections announced are part of DOE’s continuing work to develop high efficiency vehicle technologies and are not part of

12019-449: The special counsel investigation immediately; he also referred to it as "rigged" and its investigators as biased. After close review of recent Tweets from the @realDonaldTrump account and the context around them we have permanently suspended the account due to the risk of further incitement of violence. In February 2020, Trump tweeted criticism of the prosecutors' proposed sentence for Trump's former aide Roger Stone . A few hours later,

12138-589: The special counsel investigation in July 2019, Trump falsely claimed that the Constitution ensures that "I have to the right to do whatever I want as president." Trump had on multiple occasions either suggested or promoted views of extending his presidency beyond normal term limits. Trump frequently criticized the independence of the judiciary for unfairly interfering in his administration's ability to decide policy. In November 2018, in an extraordinary rebuke of

12257-597: The states of Ohio, Tennessee, and Michigan, to make its lithium-ion battery systems. Redwood Materials secured a $ 2 billion conditional loan in February 2023. The company which relies primarily on Asia for importing essential components to make EV batteries said it would use the funds to build a supply base in the US and expand operations by building a facility in Charleston, South Carolina . About 108 requests were made to

12376-419: The type of feedstocks produced, the management practices used to produce them, prior land use, and any land-use changes that their production might incur. In addition to greenhouse-gas emissions, production and use of biofuels affect air quality, water quality, water use, and biodiversity. A 2018 US EPA report to the Congress confirmed conclusions of the previous report and found that the expected transition to

12495-455: The wake of the 2012 North American drought , which had a devastating effect on the US corn crop, there were calls for the quota imposed by the Renewable Fuel Standard to be suspended. In August 2012, 25 senators and over 100 house members echoed the demand. The head of the Food and Agriculture Organization , José Graziano da Silva , called on the United States to suspend the quota. Writing in

12614-691: The worst crisis in decades. Trump provided farmers $ 12   billion in direct payments in July 2018 to mitigate the negative impacts of his tariffs, increasing the payments by $ 14.5   billion in May 2019 after trade talks with China ended without agreement. Most of the administration's aid went to the largest farms. Politico reported in May 2019 that some economists in the United States Department of Agriculture were being punished for presenting analyses showing farmers were being harmed by Trump's trade and tax policies, with six economists having more than 50 years of combined experience at

12733-455: Was acquitted by the Senate on February   5, 2020. Trump reacted slowly to the COVID-19 pandemic , ignored or contradicted many recommendations from health officials in his messaging , and promoted misinformation about unproven treatments and the availability of testing. Following his loss in the 2020 presidential election to Biden, Trump made unproven claims of widespread electoral fraud and initiated an extensive campaign to overturn

12852-436: Was an 822-page document changing U.S. energy policy in many areas. Title I contains the first increase in fuel economy standards for passenger cars since 1975, and the establishment of the first efficiency standard for medium-duty and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. By the year 2020, it is estimated to save Americans a total of $ 22 billion and have a significant reduction in emissions equivalent to removing 28 million cars from

12971-529: Was based on Rosenstein's, while Rosenstein wrote that Comey should be dismissed for his handling of the conclusion of the FBI investigation into the Hillary Clinton email controversy . On May 10, Trump met Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov and Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak . Based on White House notes of the meeting , Trump told the Russians, "I just fired the head of the FBI. He was crazy,

13090-519: Was characterized by record turnover, particularly among White House staff. By early 2018, 43% of senior White House positions had turned over. The administration had a higher turnover rate in the first two and a half years than the five previous presidents did over their entire terms. By October 2019, one in 14 of Trump's political appointees were former lobbyists; less than three years into his presidency, Trump had appointed more than four times as many lobbyists than his predecessor Barack Obama did over

13209-552: Was combined with Senate Bill S. 1419: Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act of 2007 . This amended version passed the Senate on June 21, 2007. After further amendments and negotiation between the House and Senate, a revised bill passed both houses on December 18, 2007 and President Bush , a Republican , signed it into law on December 19, 2007, in response to his "Twenty in Ten" challenge to reduce gasoline consumption by 20% in 10 years. The stated purpose of

13328-521: Was due to report to prison. In response to the mid-2020 George Floyd protests , some of which resulted in looting, Trump tweeted on May 25 that "when the looting starts, the shooting starts." Not long after, Twitter restricted the tweet for violating the company's policy on promoting violence. On May 28, Trump signed an executive order which sought to limit legal protections of social media companies. On January 8, 2021, Twitter announced that they had permanently suspended Trump's personal account "due to

13447-479: Was eventually fired via a tweet by Trump. Trump also tweeted that his Justice Department is part of the American "deep state" ; that "there was tremendous leaking, lying and corruption at the highest levels of the FBI, Justice & State " Departments ; and that the special counsel investigation is a " WITCH HUNT !" In August 2018, Trump used Twitter to write that Attorney General Jeff Sessions "should stop"

13566-611: Was fired via a tweet in March 2018; Trump appointed Mike Pompeo to replace Tillerson and Gina Haspel to succeed Pompeo as the director of the CIA. In the wake of a series of scandals, Scott Pruitt resigned as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in July 2018. Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis informed Trump of his resignation following Trump's abrupt December 19, 2018, announcement that

13685-404: Was incompatible to his arguments; quoting hearsay, anecdotal evidence, and questionable claims in partisan media; denying reality (including his own statements); and distracting when falsehoods were exposed. During the first year of Trump's presidency, The Washington Post 's fact-checking team wrote that Trump was "the most fact-challenged politician" it had "ever encountered   ...

13804-437: Was introduced to the Senate, the new provisions became the focus of debate. The White House and Sen. Domenici warned that Bush would veto the bill because of the tax portion. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) said Democrats had "shown how to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory" by "inserting an enormous tax hike, a tax hike they knew would doom this legislation." Reid said Congress should not be intimidated by

13923-525: Was later acquitted by the Senate again on February   13, after he had already left office. Trump was elected for a second non-consecutive term in 2024 and will start his second presidency as the 47th president on January 20, 2025. Donald Trump officially announced his candidacy for the nomination of the Republican Party in the 2016 presidential election on June 16, 2015, at his Trump Tower residence. In May 2016, Trump clinched

14042-577: Was not present. The revised Senate bill passed 86–8 on December 13. The House approved this final version 314–100 on December 18, and President Bush signed it the following day. A 2011 report from the United States National Research Council investigated the potential economic and environmental effects of reaching the Renewable Fuel Standard, which mandates that 35 billion gallons of ethanol-equivalent biofuels and 1 billion gallons of biomass-based diesel be consumed in

14161-482: Was supported by the Alliance to Save Energy , a coalition of light bulb manufacturers, electric utilities and conservation groups. The group estimated that lighting accounts for 22% of total U.S. electricity usage, and that eliminating incandescent bulbs completely would save $ 18 billion per year (equivalent to the output of 80 coal plants ). Light bulb manufacturers also hoped a single national standard would prevent

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