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29-514: Harry Shier, in Adventure Playgrounds: An Introduction (1984), defines an adventure playground this way: An Adventure Playground is an area fenced off and set aside for children. Within its boundaries children can play freely, in their own way, in their own time. But what is special about an Adventure Playground is that here (and increasingly in contemporary urban society, only here) children can build and shape

58-469: A Danish landscape architect, who noticed that children preferred to play everywhere but in the playgrounds that he designed. In 1931, inspired by the sight of children playing in a construction site, he imagined "A junk playground in which children could create and shape, dream and imagine a reality". His aim was to provide children living in cities the same opportunities for play that were enjoyed by children living in rural areas. The first adventure playground

87-951: A blitz-era play centre in London although not specifically incorporating the elements of a Junk/Adventure playground pointing to her role in the history of UK specific Playwork development." To date, there are approximately 1,000 adventure playgrounds in Europe, most of them in England, Denmark, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland. Japan also has a significant number of adventure playgrounds. Australian Capital Territory : New South Wales : Northern Territory Queensland South Australia Tasmania Riverbend Park. Launceston, Tasmania. Victoria Western Australia Denmark has several adventure playgrounds, now known as Byggelegeplads (Building-playground) and formerly as Skrammellegeplads (Junk-playground). From

116-785: A blitz-era play centre in London although not specifically incorporating the elements of a Junk/Adventure playground pointing to her role in the history of UK specific Playwork development." To date, there are approximately 1,000 adventure playgrounds in Europe, most of them in England, Denmark, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland. Japan also has a significant number of adventure playgrounds. Australian Capital Territory : New South Wales : Northern Territory Queensland South Australia Tasmania Riverbend Park. Launceston, Tasmania. Victoria Western Australia Denmark has several adventure playgrounds, now known as Byggelegeplads (Building-playground) and formerly as Skrammellegeplads (Junk-playground). From

145-599: A clubhouse on the site, theatre productions, and vegetable and flower gardening. Pre-programmed events have also been introduced, including the Skrammel Olympics and Cake and Bread Baking days. Periodic efforts to segregate children by age and to transform the skrammellegepladsen into a conventional playground have met with opposition from play advocates. The Emdrup playground is staffed by Danish pedagogues ( pædagoger ) and their assistants, known as pædagog-medhjælpere . Pedagogues also facilitate meetings with

174-597: A collaboration between Carl Theodor Sørensen , a Danish landscape architect commissioned by the architect Dan Fink to design a playground for the Emdrupvænge housing estate , and John (Jonas) Bertelsen (1917-1978), the playground's first "pædagoger". Sørensen had earlier worked in partnership with Hans Dragehjelm (1875-1948), the "father of the sand-box" and a co-founder of the Froebel Society in Denmark, on

203-403: A free society in miniature.'" Essential in this for Nicholson was the concept of 'loose parts': "In any environment, both the degree of inventiveness and creativity, and the possibility of discovery, are directly proportional to the number and kind of variables in it." In a playground context loose parts would include: The first junk playgrounds were based on the ideas of Carl Theodor Sørensen ,

232-720: A plan to transform Cottageparken near Klampenborg , Denmark , into a children's park. Their proposal was ultimately rejected, but has provided scholars of play with insight into the historical context from which the Emdrup playground emerged. Sørensen’s initial design did not require an adult "pædagoger", but Bertelsen was hired as part of the housing policy of the Emdrup Workers' Cooperative Housing Association. Bertelsen stressed that play should be self-directed and pædagoger should allow children to pursue their own projects without adult interference. Together they aimed to build

261-628: A reality". His aim was to provide children living in cities the same opportunities for play that were enjoyed by children living in rural areas. The first adventure playground was set up by a Workers Cooperative Housing Association in Emdrup , Denmark, during the German occupation of the 1940s . The playground at Emdrup grew out of the spirit of resistance to Nazi occupation and parents' fears that "their children's play might be mistaken for acts of sabotage by soldiers". Play advocates sometimes emphasize

290-422: A site that would afford children living in cities the same opportunities for free play with waste materials and tools that were enjoyed by children living in rural areas. The adventure playground is an attempt to give the city child a substitute for the play and development potential it has lost as the city has become a place where there is no space for the child's imagination and play. Access to all building sites

319-627: Is a calque from the Danish term skrammellegeplads . Early examples of adventure playgrounds in the UK were known as "junk playgrounds", "waste material playgrounds", or "bomb-site adventure playgrounds". The term "adventure playground" was first adopted in the United Kingdom to describe waste material playgrounds "in an effort to make the ‘junk’ playground concept more palatable to local authorities". The architect Simon Nicholson numbered among

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348-683: Is an area fenced off and set aside for children. Within its boundaries children can play freely, in their own way, in their own time. But what is special about an Adventure Playground is that here (and increasingly in contemporary urban society, only here) children can build and shape the environment according to their own creative vision. The first planned playground of this type, the Emdrup Junk Playground , opened in Emdrup , Denmark, in 1943. In 1948, an adventure playground opened in Camberwell , England. The term "junk playground"

377-401: Is forbidden to unauthorized persons, there are no trees where the children can climb and play Tarzan. The railway station grounds and the common, where they used to be able to fight great battles and have strange adventures, do not exist any more. No! It is now not easy to be a child in the city when you feel the urge to be a caveman or a bushman. —John Bertelsen's Emdrup diary The original site

406-517: Is often credited with the introduction into the UK of "the idea of transforming bomb sites into 'junk playgrounds', but historians of the Adventure playground movement have pointed to the role played by other experiments carried out by youth workers in the UK. For example, "Marie Paneth, an art therapist heavily influenced by Freud, independently developed the concept of permissive play as a tool for ameliorating childhood aggression in her work running

435-557: The Parental Board of the recreational facility that houses the Emdrup Skrammellegepladsen. Adventure playground An adventure playground is a specific type of playground for children. Adventure playgrounds can take many forms, ranging from "natural playgrounds" to "junk playgrounds", and are typically defined by an ethos of unrestricted play , the presence of playworkers (or "wardens"), and

464-415: The UK of "the idea of transforming bomb sites into 'junk playgrounds', but historians of the Adventure playground movement have pointed to the role played by other experiments carried out by youth workers in the UK. For example, "Marie Paneth, an art therapist heavily influenced by Freud, independently developed the concept of permissive play as a tool for ameliorating childhood aggression in her work running

493-591: The United States, where policing "can feel like a kind of occupation". Marjory Allen , an English landscape architect and child welfare advocate, visited and subsequently wrote a widely-read article about the Emdrup Adventure playground titled Why Not Use Our Bomb Sites Like This? and published in the Picture Post in 1946. Marjory Allen's article is often credited with the introduction into

522-462: The absence of adult-manufactured or rigid play-structures. Adventure playgrounds are frequently defined in contrast to playing fields, contemporary-design playgrounds made by adult architects, and traditional-equipment play areas containing adult-made rigid play-structures like swings, slides, seesaws, and climbing bars. Harry Shier, in Adventure Playgrounds: An Introduction (1984), defines an adventure playground this way: An Adventure Playground

551-414: The advantages of the adventure playground, "the relationship between experiment and play, community involvement, the catalytic value of play leaders, and indeed the whole concept of a free society in miniature.'" Essential in this for Nicholson was the concept of 'loose parts': "In any environment, both the degree of inventiveness and creativity, and the possibility of discovery, are directly proportional to

580-505: The environment according to their own creative vision. The first planned playground of this type, the Emdrup Junk Playground , opened in Emdrup , Denmark, in 1943. In 1948, an adventure playground opened in Camberwell , England. The term "junk playground" is a calque from the Danish term skrammellegeplads . Early examples of adventure playgrounds in the UK were known as "junk playgrounds", "waste material playgrounds", or "bomb-site adventure playgrounds". The term "adventure playground"

609-508: The first site in Emdrup, the idea spread across the country and at the height of the popularity in the 1960s, there were about 100 adventure playgrounds in the country. Present active adventure playgrounds in Denmark includes: Emdrup Junk Playground The Emdrup Junk Playground (Danish: Skrammellegepladsen Emdrup ) is an adventure playground located in Emdrup , a neighborhood in Copenhagen, Denmark. The Emdrup Junk Playground

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638-422: The importance of adventure playgrounds for children of color in the United States, where policing "can feel like a kind of occupation". Marjory Allen , an English landscape architect and child welfare advocate, visited and subsequently wrote a widely-read article about the Emdrup Adventure playground titled Why Not Use Our Bomb Sites Like This? and published in the Picture Post in 1946. Marjory Allen's article

667-484: The main activities. Over time, the play area began to change with the demands from the children. O'Connor and Palmer (2003) have described changes to the playground since 1943. While children's play remains free and self-directed, the construction area has dwindled since the 1960s and the diversity of scrap and construction materials has been reduced. Pre-built structures and a range of additional activities have been added. These include gardening, basketball, soccer, and

696-467: The number and kind of variables in it." In a playground context loose parts would include: The first junk playgrounds were based on the ideas of Carl Theodor Sørensen , a Danish landscape architect, who noticed that children preferred to play everywhere but in the playgrounds that he designed. In 1931, inspired by the sight of children playing in a construction site, he imagined "A junk playground in which children could create and shape, dream and imagine

725-597: The phrase skrammolog (or "junkology") to describe the children's play. Marjory Allen , an English landscape architect and child welfare advocate, visited the Emdrup Junk Playground in 1946 for a few hours and wrote a widely-read article about the Emdrup Adventure playground titled Why Not Use Our Bomb Sites Like This? , which was published in Picture Post that year. Digging out holes underground and building houses on stilts were originally

754-400: Was first adopted in the United Kingdom to describe waste material playgrounds "in an effort to make the ‘junk’ playground concept more palatable to local authorities". The architect Simon Nicholson numbered among the advantages of the adventure playground, "the relationship between experiment and play, community involvement, the catalytic value of play leaders, and indeed the whole concept of

783-418: Was minimally landscaped by Sørensen to evoke the elements of the Danish rural landscape: "the beach, the meadow, and the grove." The original site ran 65 meters from west to east and 82 meters in north to south, and consisted of a sandbox on a patch of grass enclosed by a fenced dyke planted with rosebushes, thornapple , and Acacia bushes, partly to screen the playground from view. John Bertelsen coined

812-409: Was set up by a Workers Cooperative Housing Association in Emdrup , Denmark, during the German occupation of the 1940s . The playground at Emdrup grew out of the spirit of resistance to Nazi occupation and parents' fears that "their children's play might be mistaken for acts of sabotage by soldiers". Play advocates sometimes emphasize the importance of adventure playgrounds for children of color in

841-538: Was the first planned junk playground and is frequently cited as the "birthplace" of playwork . It was opened in 1943 by a Workers' Cooperative Housing Association in Emdrupvej (or Emdrup), near Copenhagen , Denmark , during the German occupation of the 1940s . It grew out of a broader Danish resistance to Nazi occupation and parents' fears that "their children's play might be mistaken for acts of sabotage by soldiers." The Emdrup Junk Playground emerged from

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