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117-405: Though not familiar stars in 1959, the cast quickly became favorites of the first television generation. The order of billing at the beginning of the broadcast appeared to be shuffled randomly each week, with no relation whatsoever to the current episode featured that week. This section includes characters who will appear or have appeared in at least one season of the series. Ben Cartwright

234-411: A TV Guide survey listed Ben Cartwright as television's #2 favorite dad. Ben is portrayed by Lorne Greene , who was 44 years old at the beginning of the series while Pernell Roberts and Dan Blocker, who portrayed two of his sons, were both 31, only thirteen years younger. The eldest son, Adam, is an architectural engineer with a university education. Adam built the impressive ranch house. Despite

351-400: A body of cowboy cavalry should look." This "rough and tumble" appearance contributed to earning them the title of "The Rough Riders." Training was very standard, even for a cavalry unit. They worked on basic military drills, protocol, and habits involving conduct, obedience, and etiquette to improve their overall physique and mental status. The men proved eager to learn what was necessary and

468-414: A foundation was being laid to include another "son" as Pernell Roberts was displeased with his character. In the episode "First Born" (1962), viewers learn of Little Joe's older, maternal half-brother Clay Stafford. The character departed in that same episode, but left an opportunity for a return if needed. This character's paternity is open to debate. In the 1963 flashback episode "Marie, My Love", his father

585-487: A household name. He garnered the role after his performance as O'Brien in the CBS production of Nineteen Eighty-Four . In the 1960s, Greene capitalized on his image as Ben Cartwright by recording several albums of country-western/folk songs, which Greene performed in a mixture of spoken word and singing. In 1964, Greene had a number-one single on the music charts with his spoken-word ballad , " Ringo " (which referred to

702-780: A job as a radio broadcaster for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). During World War II , Greene served as a Flying officer in the Royal Canadian Air Force . Afterward, he was assigned as the principal newsreader on the CBC National News, with CBC gave him the nickname "The Voice of Canada". However, following Canada's entry into World War II in 1939, his role in delivering distressing war news in sonorous tones with his deep, resonant voice caused many listeners to call him "The Voice of Doom", especially as he

819-603: A moment, I leaped to my feet and called, 'It's the Gatlings, men! Our Gatlings!' Immediately the troopers began to cheer lustily, for the sound was most inspiring." Trooper Jesse D. Langdon of the 1st Volunteer Infantry, who accompanied Col. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders in their assault on Kettle Hill, reported: "We were exposed to the Spanish fire, but there was very little because just before we started, why,

936-418: A regiment ... most of them looked upon the bronze with the critical eyes of professionals. I doubt if there was any regiment in the world which contained so large a number of men able to ride the wildest and most dangerous horses." After the turning over of their gift, each and every man in the regiment walked by and shook Colonel Roosevelt's hand and bid him a good-bye. On the morning of September 15, 1898,

1053-621: A regiment of the Imperial Guard, the Imperium of Man 's main military, bearing the name of Attilan Rough Riders, that specializes in cavalry. In 1997, the miniseries Rough Riders aired on TNT over two consecutive nights. The series was directed by John Milius and centered primarily on the Battle of San Juan Hill. In the comedy-drama television series M*A*S*H , Colonel Sherman Potter claims to have ridden with Theodore Roosevelt at

1170-401: A significant loss in men and morale. Upon arrival on Cuban shores on June 23, 1898, the men promptly unloaded themselves and the small amount of equipment they carried with them. Camp was set up nearby and the men were to remain there until further orders had been given to advance. Further supplies were unloaded from the ships over the next day including the very few horses that were allowed on

1287-416: A storyline that would keep the character of Adam in the mix, but with a lighter schedule. During season five Adam falls for a widow with a young daughter, while making Will Cartwright a central figure. Roberts decided to stay an additional season, so the scripts were quickly revised by having Adam's fiancée and her daughter depart the series prematurely with Guy Williams' Will, with whom she'd fallen in love. It

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1404-614: A strong ground force swiftly, which he did by calling for 125,000 volunteers to assist in the war. The U.S. had gone to war in opposition to Spanish colonial policies in Cuba , which was then torn by a rebellion. The regiment was also nicknamed "Wood's Weary Walkers" for its first commander, Colonel Leonard Wood . This reflected their dissatisfaction that despite being cavalry, they ended up fighting in Cuba as infantry , since their horses were not sent there with them. Wood's second in command

1521-568: A strong point for the Spanish military. The Spanish had a fleet of cruisers in port. The United States drove the Spanish cruisers out of their port by taking areas around Santiago and subsequently moving in on the city from multiple directions. Two days after the battle on San Juan Heights, the US navy destroyed Spain's Caribbean cruiser fleet at Santiago Bay . This took a tremendous toll on the Spanish military due to their widespread empire and heavy reliance upon naval capabilities. The primary objective of

1638-532: A strong proponent for Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona's statehood during his time in the Oval Office , even making it a plank of the 1900 Republican party platform. In 1948, 50 years after the Rough Riders disbandment, the U.S. Post office issued a commemorative stamp in their honor and memory. The stamp depicts Captain William Owen "Bucky" O'Neill , who was killed in action while leading troop A at

1755-466: A total of 108 episodes of the series. He was central in two episodes: "Mark of Guilt" and "The Lonely Man". Hop Sing is portrayed by Chinese American character actor Victor Sen Yung , a veteran of more than 160 appearances in movies and on television between 1937 and 1970 including the "#2 son" in the Charlie Chan series after Keye Luke departed. Bonanza series creator David Dortort told

1872-550: A trend of United States intervention in foreign affairs which has lasted to the present day. On August 14, the Rough Riders landed at Montauk Point on Long Island, New York. There, they met up with the other four companies that had been left behind in Tampa. Colonel Roosevelt made note of how very many of the men who were left behind felt guilty for not serving in Cuba with the others. However, he also stated that "those who stayed had done their duty precisely as did those who went, for

1989-572: A two-part episode of Vega$ . He appeared in the HBO mockumentary The Canadian Conspiracy , about the supposed subversion of the United States by Canadian-born media personalities. For nearly a decade, Greene co-hosted the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade on NBC with Betty White . In the 1980s, Greene devoted his energies to wildlife and environmental issues, including hosting and narrating

2106-408: A veterinarian, had treated Roosevelt's cattle at his Dakota ranch during his ranching days. Roosevelt arranged a railroad ticket for him to San Antonio, where Langdon enlisted in the Rough Riders at age 16. He was the penultimate surviving member of the regiment and the only one to attend the final two reunions, in 1967 and 1968. He died on 29 June 1975, at the age of 94, 26 months after Brito. Taylor

2223-564: A worker at the Ponderosa Ranch under Ben Cartwright's tutelage. Tim Matheson portrayed Griff King during the final season, in 1972–73. Hop Sing, the happy-go-lucky Chinese cook for the Cartwrights, whose blood pressure rose when the family came late for dinner. As the faithful domestic, the comedy relief character had little to do beyond chores. He once used martial arts to assail a towering family foe. Hop Sing appeared in

2340-726: Is a replica of the Bonanza set house from the former Ponderosa Ranch in Incline Village, Nevada. It is listed in the Mesa Historic Property Register. Greene died on 11 September 1987, aged 72, from complications from pneumonia , following ulcer surgery, at Saint Johns' Hospital in Santa Monica, California . He was interred at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City . Greene

2457-606: Is revealed that "Little Joe" had died in the Spanish-American War ;– a member of the " Rough Riders ". Little Joe had a son named Benjamin 'Benj' Cartwright who was played by Landon's real-life son and seen in all three Bonanza TV movies. The role of "Little Joe" was given to Michael Landon . He played guest roles on several TV westerns and attained the title role in I Was a Teenage Werewolf . Landon began to develop his skills in writing and directing Bonanza episodes, starting with "The Gamble". Most of

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2574-639: Is still open and serves as a tribute to the Rough Riders, containing much of their and Theodore Roosevelt's uniforms and memories. Before training began, Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt used his political influence as Assistant Secretary of the Navy to ensure that his volunteer regiment would be as properly equipped to serve as any regular Army unit. The Rough Riders were armed with Model 1896 Carbines in caliber .30 US (i.e., .30-40 Krag ). "They succeeded in getting their cartridges, Colt Single Action Army revolvers, clothing, shelter-tents, and horse gear ... and in getting

2691-448: Is the widowed patriarch of the family. Early in the show's history, he recalls each of his late wives in flashback episodes. A standard practice with most westerns was to introduce some romance but avoid matrimony. Few media cowboys had on-screen wives. Any time one of the Cartwrights seriously courted a woman, she died from a malady, was abruptly slain, or left with someone else. Ben appears in all but fourteen Bonanza episodes. In 2007,

2808-654: The 101st Infantry Regiment . Greenway, a colonel at the time, was especially praised for his heroic conduct in battle and was cited for bravery at Cambrai . France awarded him the Croix de Guerre , the Legion of Honor , and the Ordre de l'Étoile Noire for commanding the 101st Infantry Regiment during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive . He also received a Distinguished Service Cross . Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and

2925-499: The Archive of American Television that the "Hop Sing" character generated massive fandom - "Victor was just absolutely delightful. He loved the part; he loved doing it. In fact, he began to develop fans, to the extent that I wrote him in as the feature part in a number of shows." Sheriff Coffee was occasionally the focus of a plot as in the episode "No Less a Man". A gang of thieves has been terrorizing towns around Virginia City and

3042-486: The Battle of El Caney the same day, U.S. forces took the fortified Spanish position and were then able to extend the U.S. flank on San Juan Hill. The destruction of the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Santiago de Cuba allowed U.S. forces to safely besiege the city. However, the sinking of the Spanish cruisers did not mean the end of the war. Battles continued in and around Santiago. On July 16, after both governments agreed to

3159-463: The Battle of San Juan Hill , July 1, 1898. The Rough Riders continued to have annual reunions in Las Vegas until 1967, when the sole veteran to attend was Jesse Langdon. He died in 1975. The last three surviving veterans of the regiment were Frank C. Brito, Jesse Langdon, and Ralph Waldo Taylor. Brito was from Las Cruces, New Mexico . His father was a Yaqui Indian stagecoach operator. Brito

3276-417: The Battle of San Juan Hill , though it is seldom mentioned how heavily they outnumbered the Spanish soldiers who opposed them. Several days after the Battle of San Juan Hill, the Spanish fleet sailed from Cuba, and in only a few weeks an armistice ending the fighting was signed. Despite the brevity of their service, the Rough Riders became legendary, thanks in large part to Roosevelt's writing his own history of

3393-534: The CTV's nature series Lorne Greene's New Wilderness , a show which promoted environmental awareness. Greene was married twice, first to Rita Hands of Toronto (1938–1960, divorced). They had two children, twins born in 1944. His second wife was Nancy Deale (1961–1987, Greene's death), with whom he had one child. The Ponderosa II House was built by Greene in 1960 in Mesa, Arizona. It is located at 602 S. Edgewater Drive. It

3510-625: The Medal of Honor , but politics intervened and the request was denied. The rejection crushed Roosevelt, yet notability from the charge up San Juan Hill was instrumental in propelling him to the governorship of New York in 1899. The following year Roosevelt was selected to fill the vice presidential spot in President McKinley's successful run for a second term. With McKinley's assassination in September 1901, Roosevelt became president. In

3627-702: The Silver Star . The Rough Riders played a key role in the outcome of the Spanish–American War by assisting the American forces in forming a constricting ring around the city of Santiago de Cuba. The ultimate goal of the Americans in capturing the San Juan Heights (also known as Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill) was to attain a strategic position from which to move downhill and attack Santiago,

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3744-469: The 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment and to the British Army 25th (Frontiersmen) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers. He had selected 18 officers (including Seth Bullock , Frederick Russell Burnham , James Rudolph Garfield, John M. Parker, and Henry L. Stimson ) and directed them to actively recruit volunteer troops shortly after the United States entered the war. With the help of John Hays Hammond,

3861-557: The American Fifth Army Corps ' invasion of Cuba was the capture of the city of Santiago de Cuba . U.S. forces had driven back the Spaniards' first line of defense at the Battle of Las Guasimas , after which General Arsenio Linares pulled his troops back to the main line of defense against Santiago along San Juan Heights. In the charge at the Battle of San Juan Hill U.S. forces captured the Spanish position. At

3978-429: The American line. Colonel Roosevelt gave a large share of the credit for the successful charge to Lt. Parker and his Gatling Gun Detachment: "I think Parker deserved rather more credit than any other one man in the entire campaign ... he had the rare good judgment and foresight to see the possibilities of the machine-guns..He then, by his own exertions, got it to the front and proved that it could do invaluable work on

4095-447: The Americans by knowing their way through the complicated trails in the area of combat. They predicted where the Americans would be traveling on foot and exactly what positions to fire on. They also were able to utilize the land and cover in such a way that they were difficult to spot. Along with this, their guns used smokeless powder which did not give away their immediate position upon firing as other gunpowders would have. This increased

4212-833: The British Canadian TV series Sailor of Fortune . In 1955, he was Ludwig van Beethoven in an episode of the TV version of You Are There , and also appeared as Marcus Brutus in Julius Caesar at the Stratford Festival . In 1957, Greene played the prosecutor in Peyton Place . The first of his continuing TV roles was as the patriarch Ben "Pa" Cartwright in Bonanza , the first one-hour Western series filmed in colour (1959–1973), making Greene

4329-542: The CBC and became a freelancer after the war when the network ordered staff announcers to turn over a large percentage of any income they earned from film narration. Greene continued to appear on CBC on a freelance basis while becoming the newsreader for private radio station CKEY in Toronto, while also returning to acting work both on stage and in radio plays. After closing his Academy of Radio Arts in 1952, Greene relocated to

4446-469: The Cartwrights' confidant, ranch foreman and timber vessel captain. Dortort was impressed by Canary's talent, but the character vanished in September 1970, after Canary had a contract dispute. He returned two seasons later after co-star Dan Blocker's death, reportedly having been approached by Landon. Canary played the character on a total of 93 episodes. Canary joined the cast in Season 9. Jamie Hunter

4563-467: The Gatling guns opened up at the bottom of the hill, and everybody yelled, 'The Gatlings! The Gatlings!' and away we went. The Gatlings just enfiladed the top of those trenches. We'd never have been able to take Kettle Hill if it hadn't been for Parker's Gatling guns." A Spanish counterattack on Kettle Hill by some 600 infantry was quickly devastated by one of Lt. Parker's Gatling guns recently emplaced on

4680-609: The Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In February 1985, Greene was the Krewe of Bacchus King of Mardi Gras. In May 2006, Greene became one of the first of four entertainers to ever be honoured by Canada Post by being featured on a 51-cent postage stamp . Greene was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame , found on King Street and Simcoe Street in Toronto, in 2015. Greene founded

4797-505: The Lorne Greene Academy of Radio Arts in Toronto in 1945 and was its dean. The school trained a number of future broadcasters and actors including Leslie Nielsen , James Doohan , Les Rubie , Gordie Tapp , Fred Davis , Billie Mae Richards , William Davidson , Alfie Scopp , Murray Chercover , Jonathan Frid , Cec Linder , Les Lye , Bill Luxton , and Roy Currie . The school was located on Jarvis Street across from what

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4914-560: The New York-based Rocky Mountain Club enlisted Major Burnham to raise the troops in the Western states and to coordinate recruitment efforts. Wilson ultimately rejected Roosevelt's plan, refused to make use of the volunteers, and Roosevelt disbanded the unit. Outside the volunteer division, one of Roosevelt's most trusted officers from the Rough Riders, Brigadier General John Campbell Greenway , served in

5031-742: The Rough Riders were popularly portrayed in Wild West shows such as Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World and in minstrel shows such as William H. West's Big Minstrel Jubilee. Roosevelt himself had a hand in popularizing the legends of the Rough Riders, recruiting Mason Mitchell, a fellow Rough Rider with theatrical talent, to perform for the Republican State Committee of New York. More than anyone else, William Frederick Cody , better known as Buffalo Bill, can be credited with helping to create and preserve

5148-513: The Southern Pacific railroad to travel to Tampa, Florida , where they would set off for Cuba. The lot awaited orders for departure from Major General William Rufus Shafter . Under heavy prompting from Washington D.C., General Shafter gave the order to dispatch the troops early before sufficient traveling storage was available. Due to this problem, only eight of the 12 companies of The Rough Riders were permitted to leave Tampa to engage in

5265-427: The Spanish outpost they would attack early the next morning. The American side included the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, under Leonard Wood , the 1st U.S. Regular Cavalry , and the 10th U.S. Regular Cavalry (this consisted of Afro-American soldiers, then called Buffalo soldiers ). Supported by artillery, the American forces numbered 964 men, supported by 800 men from Castillo. The Spanish held an advantage over

5382-431: The TV movie Bonanza: The Next Generation was it explained that Hoss had drowned attempting to save a woman's life. The youngest Cartwright son, whose mother (Felicia in the pilot, and later changed to Marie), a widow, and mother whose child had died of fever (episode "Marie, My Love"), was of French Creole descent. Little Joe appears in all but fourteen Bonanza episodes, a total of 416 episodes. Beginning in 1962,

5499-728: The United States. Katharine Cornell cast him twice in her Broadway productions. In 1953, he was cast in The Prescott Proposals. In that same year, she cast him in a verse drama by Christopher Fry , The Dark is Light Enough . Greene likewise began appearing in isolated episodes on live television in the 1950s. In 1953, he was seen in the title role of a one-hour adaptation of Shakespeare's Othello . In 1954, he made his Hollywood debut as Saint Peter in The Silver Chalice and made several more films and appearances on American television. In 1955, he starred in

5616-429: The United States. He was taken in by the regiment that was left behind, given a small Rough Riders uniform, and made an honorary member. The men also made sure to honor their colonel in return for his stellar leadership and service. They presented him with a small bronze statue of Remington's " Bronco Buster " which portrayed a cowboy riding a violently bucking horse. "There could have been no more appropriate gift from such

5733-852: The World." The original plan called for the regiment to be composed of frontiersmen from the Indian Territory , the New Mexico Territory , the Arizona Territory , and the Oklahoma Territory . However, after Roosevelt joined the ranks, it attracted an odd mixture of Ivy League athletes, glee club singers, Texas Rangers , and Native Americans . All accepted into the regiment had to be skilled horsemen and eager to see combat. The Rough Riders would receive more publicity than any other Army unit in that war, and they are best remembered for their conduct during

5850-447: The cavalry and Wood took the second brigade as brigadier general. This left Roosevelt as colonel of The Rough Riders. The order was given for the men to march the eight miles (13 km) along the road to Santiago from the outpost they had been holding. Originally, Colonel Roosevelt had no specific orders for himself and his men. They were simply to march to the base of San Juan Heights , defended by over 1,000 Spanish soldiers, and keep

5967-518: The confusion surrounding their departure from Tampa, half the members of the Rough Riders were left behind along with most of the horses. The volunteers made the charge up San Juan Hill on foot. They were joined in the attack by the 10th (Negro) Cavalry. Though the 10th never received the glory for the charge that the Rough Riders did, one of their commanders— Captain "Black Jack" Pershing (who later commanded American troops in World War I)—was awarded

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6084-531: The contributions of the New Mexicans and Southwesterners to the Rough Riders, Roosevelt said; The majority of you Rough Riders came from the Southwest. I shall ever keep in mind the valor you showed as you charged up the slope of San Juan Hill. I owe you men. . . . If New Mexico wants to be a state, I will go down to Washington to speak for her and do anything I can. Roosevelt would go on to be

6201-419: The difficulty of finding the opposition for the U.S. soldiers. In some locations, the jungle was too thick to see very far. Rough Riders on both left and right sides of the trail moved forward and eventually forced the Spaniards back to their second line of trenches. Continuing to advance, the Rough Riders eventually forced the Spanish to withdraw completely from their final positions. Rough Riders from A Troop on

6318-481: The dramatic myth of the Rough Riders and the American Old West . His extravaganzas glamorized it into an appealing show for eastern American audiences and helped permanently preserve the legends. The 'cult' of the cowboy was born, for Roosevelt, the vigorous, unbridled life of the Western cowboy was the perfect antidote to the softness of comfortable city living. The miniatures game Warhammer 40,000 has

6435-437: The end of the battle, Edward Marshall, a newspaper writer, was inspired by the men around him in the heat of battle to pick up a rifle and begin fighting alongside them. When he suffered a gunshot wound in the spine from one of the Spaniards, another soldier mistook him as Colonel Wood from afar and ran back from the front line to report his death. Due to this misconception, Roosevelt temporarily took command as colonel and gathered

6552-399: The enemy occupied. This way the Spanish would be forced to hold their ground while being bombarded by American artillery. The main attack would be carried out by Brigadier General Henry Lawton's division against the Spanish stronghold El Caney a few miles away. The Rough Riders were to meet up with them mid-battle. San Juan Hill and another hill were separated by a small valley and pond with

6669-408: The episodes Landon wrote and directed were dramas, including the two-hour, "Forever" (1972), which was recognized by TV Guide as being one of television's best specials (November 1993). Landon's development was a bit stormy according to David Dortort, who felt that the actor grew more difficult during the last five seasons the show ran. "Candy" Canaday is a plucky Army brat turned cowboy, who became

6786-400: The far-right linked up with their regular counterparts and helped them seize the Spanish positions on the long finger-like hill to the right of the right road, with both Rough Riders and Regulars meeting at the base of the hill. By this time it was approximately 9:30 a.m. Reinforcements from the regular 9th Cavalry arrived 30 minutes after the fight. General Young , who was in command of

6903-406: The field of battle, as much in attack as in defense." America's conflict with Spain was later described as a "splendid little war" and for Theodore Roosevelt it certainly was. His combat experience consisted of one week's campaign with one day of hard fighting. "The charge itself was great fun", he declared, and "Oh, but we had a bully fight." His actions during the battle earned a recommendation for

7020-511: The high-ranking men heavily studied books filled with tactics and drills to better themselves in leading the others. During times which physical drills could not be run, either because of confinement on board the train, ship, or during times where space was inadequate, there were some books that were read further as to leave no time wasted in preparation for war. The competent training that the volunteer men received prepared them best as possible for their duty. Although training methods were standard,

7137-528: The hill to supervise his men effectively. He also recognized that he could see his men better from the elevated horseback, and they could see him better as well. Roosevelt chided his own men to not leave him alone in a charge up the hill, and drawing his sidearm, promised nearby black soldiers separated from their own units that he would fire at them if they turned back, warning them he kept his promises. His Rough Riders chanted (likely in jest): "Oh he always does, he always does!" The soldiers, laughing, fell in with

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7254-526: The idea of his men being left sitting in the line of fire. He sent messengers to seek out one of the generals and coax orders from them to advance from their position. Finally, the Rough Riders received orders to assist the regulars in their assault on the hill's front. Roosevelt, riding on horseback, got his men onto their feet and into position to begin making their way up the hill. He later claimed that he wished to fight on foot as he did at Las Guasimas, but that would have made it too difficult to move up and down

7371-425: The journey. "The great shortcoming throughout the campaign was the utterly inadequate transportation. If they had been allowed to take our mule-train, they could have kept the whole cavalry division supplied," Roosevelt later wrote. Each man was only able to carry a few days worth of food which had to last them longer and fuel their bodies for rigorous tasks. Even after only 75 percent of the total number of cavalrymen

7488-415: The jungle for reconnaissance purposes, and before too long they returned with news of a Spanish outpost, Las Guasimas. By afternoon, The Rough Riders were given the command to begin marching towards Las Guasimas, to eliminate opposition and secure the area which stood in the path of further military advance. Upon arrival at their relative destination, the men slept through the night in a crude encampment nearby

7605-432: The jungle was often too thick in places to see through. This was yet another event that left the group with fewer men than they had at the start. Regardless, The Rough Riders pushed forward toward the outpost along with the regulars. Using careful observation, the officers were able to locate where the opposition was hidden in the brush and entrenchments and they were able to target their men properly to overcome them. Toward

7722-607: The knowledge and experience to lead and train the men. The unit thus would not be without experience. Leonard Wood , an Army doctor who served as the medical adviser for both the President and Secretary of War, was appointed colonel of The Rough Riders, with Roosevelt serving as lieutenant colonel. One particularly famous spot where volunteers were gathered was in San Antonio, Texas, at the Menger Hotel Bar. The bar

7839-437: The mass mobilization of troops from diverse regions resulted in an exceptionally high death rate from disease, particularly typhoid fever. Of the 1,832 deaths attributed to disease, 1,590 were specifically caused by typhoid fever. Notably, a significant portion of these fatalities occurred at training sites in the southeastern United States. On May 29, 1898, 1,060 Rough Riders and 1,258 of their horses and mules made their way to

7956-524: The men suffered from general exhaustion and were in poor condition upon returning home, some 20 pounds lighter. Everyone received fresh food and most were nourished back to their normal health. The rest of the month in Camp Wikoff , was spent in celebration of victory among the troops. The regiment was presented with three different mascots that represented the Rough Riders: a mountain lion by

8073-534: The men were unable to regain the jobs they had before leaving to join the war. Some, due to illness or injury, were unable to work. A number of wealthier supporters donated money to help the needy veterans, though many were too proud to accept. A first reunion of the Rough Riders was held in the Plaza Hotel in Las Vegas, New Mexico , in 1899. Roosevelt, then Governor of New York , attended this event. Of

8190-545: The name of Josephine that was brought to Tampa by some troops from Arizona, a war eagle named in Colonel Roosevelt's honor brought in by some New Mexican troops, and lastly a small dog by the name of Cuba who had been brought along on the journey overseas. Accompanying the presented mascots was a young boy who had stowed away on the ship before it embarked to Cuba. He was discovered with a rifle and boxes of ammunition and was, of course, sent ashore before departure from

8307-618: The nation's second-most popular TV father (behind Cliff Huxtable ). Greene was also known for his role as Commander Adama , another patriarchal figure, in the science-fiction television series Battlestar Galactica (1978–1979) and Galactica 1980 (1980). Greene's typecasting as a wise father character continued with the 1981 series Code Red as a fire-department chief, whose command includes his children as subordinates. Greene appeared with his former Bonanza co-star Michael Landon on an episode of Highway to Heaven . Greene also appeared with his former Bonanza co-star Pernell Roberts on

8424-482: The nickname Hoss and "see which one sticks." Inger says of the name Hoss: "In the mountain country, that is the name for a big, friendly man." According to a biography, the show's crew found Blocker to be the "least actor-ish as well as the most likeable" cast member. Producer David Dortort said, "Over the years he gave me the least amount of trouble." Hoss was portrayed by Dan Blocker , who was 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) and 320 pounds (145.15 kg) when he

8541-461: The old sugar refinement cauldrons which lay along it. There they took cover along the riverbank and tall grass to avoid sniper and artillery fire, but they were left vulnerable and pinned down. The Spanish rifles were able to discharge eight rounds in the 20 seconds it took for the United States rifles to reload. Theodore Roosevelt, deeply dissatisfied with General Shafter's lack of reconnaissance and failure to issue specific orders, became uneasy with

8658-415: The other men from the different units on the hill became stirred by this event and began bolting up the hill alongside their countrymen. The 'charge' was actually a series of short rushes by mixed groups of regulars and Rough Riders. Within 20 minutes, Kettle Hill was taken, though casualties were heavy. The rest of San Juan Heights was taken within the following hour. The Rough Riders' charge on Kettle Hill

8775-455: The question of glory was not to be considered in comparison to the faithful performance of whatever was ordered." During the first portion of the month that the men stayed in Montauk, they received hospital care, especially from nurses like Sister Regina Purtell , who was so competent and beloved by the men that she became friends with Teddy Roosevelt and later cared for him personally when he

8892-415: The ratings, Guy Williams was slated to replace Pernell Roberts upon Roberts's departure, enabling the series to preserve the four-Cartwright format for the run of the series. He received star billing after the four original rotating Cartwrights during his second appearance going forward, but ultimately, Roberts changed his mind and decided to stay for one more season, and Williams found himself pushed out. It

9009-621: The real-life Old West outlaw Johnny Ringo ), and got play time from "Saga of the Ponderosa", which detailed the Cartwright founding of the famous ranch. In 1973, after the cancellation of Bonanza following a 14-year run, Greene joined Ben Murphy in the ABC crime drama , Griff , about a Los Angeles, California , police officer, Wade "Griff" Griffin, who retires to become a private detective . When it failed to gain sufficient ratings and

9126-414: The regiment and the silent film reenactments made years later. The volunteers were gathered in four areas: Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. They were gathered mainly from the southwest because the hot climate region that the men were used to was similar to that of Cuba where they would be fighting. "The difficulty in organizing was not in selecting, but in rejecting men." The allowed limit set for

9243-609: The regiment armed with the Springfield Krag carbine used by the regular cavalry." The Rough Riders also used Bowie knives. A last-minute gift from a wealthy donor were a pair of modern tripod mounted, gas-operated M1895 Colt–Browning machine guns in 7mm Mauser caliber. In contrast, the uniforms of the regiment were designed to set the unit apart: "The Rough Rider uniform was a slouch hat , blue flannel shirt, brown trousers, leggings, and boots, with handkerchiefs knotted loosely around their necks. They looked exactly as

9360-650: The regimental property including all equipment, firearms and horses were turned back over to the United States government. The soldiers said one last good-bye to each other and the United States First Volunteer Cavalry, Roosevelt's Rough Riders, was disbanded. Before they returned to their homes across the country, Colonel Roosevelt gave them a short speech commending their efforts, expressing his profound pride, and reminding them that although heroes, they would have to integrate back into normal society and work as hard as everyone else. Many of

9477-584: The region continued on and the United States was continuously victorious. On August 12, 1898, the Spanish Government surrendered to the United States and agreed to an armistice that relinquished their control of Cuba. The armistice also gained the United States the territories of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines . This large acquisition of land elevated the United States to the level of an imperial power. The Spanish–American War also began

9594-414: The regulars and cavalry, began the attack in the early morning. Using long-range, large-caliber Hotchkiss guns , he fired at the opposition, who were reportedly concealed along trenches, roads, bridges, and jungle cover. Colonel Wood's men, accompanied by Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt, were not yet in the same vicinity as the other men at the start of the battle. They had a more difficult path to travel around

9711-413: The river near the foot of both. Together, this geography formed San Juan Heights. The battle of San Juan Heights began with an artillery barrage on the Spanish position. When the Spanish returned fire, the Rough Riders had to move promptly to avoid shells as they were occupying the same space as the friendly artillery. Colonel Roosevelt and his men made their way to the foot of what was dubbed Kettle Hill for

9828-427: The road to Santiago by the end of the battle. General Shafter had the men hold position for six days while additional supplies were brought ashore. During this time, The Rough Riders ate, slept, cared for the wounded, and buried the dead from both sides. During the six-day encampment, some men died from fever. Among those stricken by illness was General Joseph Wheeler . Brigadier General Samuel Sumner assumed command of

9945-536: The role in Bonanza ended. Dusty Rhodes is a drifter. After meeting Hoss and Little Joe in Virginia City, he starts a livery business in partnership with the Cartwrights. Eventually, he and Jamie Hunter move to Ponderosa and Dusty becomes the ranch foreman. Notes Bibliography Lorne Greene Lorne Hyman Greene OC (born Lyon Himan Green ; 12 February 1915 – 11 September 1987)

10062-602: The show's success, Roberts departed the series after the 1964–65 season (202 episodes) and returned to stage productions, allegedly because of clashes over the show's direction. John Goddard was initially offered the role of Adam Cartwright, but turned it down to star in Johnny Fletcher . Attempts to replace Adam with Little Joe's maternal half-brother Clay ( Barry Coe ) and Cartwright cousin Will ( Guy "Zorro" Williams ), were unsuccessful. Creator David Dortort introduced

10179-473: The solution was to charge it full-on. The captain reiterated his colonel's orders to hold position. Roosevelt, recognizing the absence of the other colonel, declared himself the ranking officer and ordered a charge up Kettle Hill. The captain stood hesitant, and Colonel Roosevelt rode off on his horse, Texas, leading his own men uphill while waving his hat in the air and cheering. The Rough Riders followed him with enthusiasm and obedience without hesitation. By then,

10296-473: The summit of San Juan Hill, which killed all but 40 of the attackers before they had closed to within 250 yards (230 m) of the Americans on Kettle Hill. Col. Roosevelt was so impressed by the actions of Lt. Parker and his men that he placed his regiment's two 7 mm Colt–Browning machine guns and the volunteers manning them under Parker, who immediately emplaced them—along with 10,000 rounds of captured 7 mm Mauser ammunition—at tactical firing points in

10413-523: The terms of capitulation ("surrender" was avoided), in which Toral surrendered his garrison and all troops in the Division of Santiago, an additional 9,000 soldiers. The Spanish also ceded Guantanamo City and San Luis . The Spanish troops marched out of Santiago on July 17. By July 17, 1898, the Spanish forces in Santiago surrendered to General Shafter and the United States military. Various battles in

10530-493: The time the battle began, and at first they had to make their way up a very steep hill. "Many of the men, footsore and weary from their march of the preceding day, found the pace up this hill too hard, and either dropped their bundles or fell out of line, with the result that we went into action with less than five hundred men." Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt became aware that there were countless opportunities for any man to fall out of formation and resign from battle without notice as

10647-630: The town council wants to replace Coffee, whom they consider over-the-hill, with a younger sheriff before the gang hits town, not realizing that they'd been spared earlier because the gang's leader was wary of Coffee's longevity and only acquiesced to rob the Virginia City bank after extreme pressure from other gang members. Coffee ends up showing the town that youth and a fast gun don't replace experience. Veteran character actor Ray Teal portrayed Sheriff Roy Coffee in 98 episodes from 1960 to 1972. He appeared in more than 200 movies and some 90 television programs during his 37-year career. His longest-running role

10764-454: The training went smoothly. It was decided that the men would not be trained to use the saber as cavalry often did, as they had no experience with it. Instead, they used their carbines and revolvers as primary and secondary weapons. Although the men, for the most part, were already experienced horsemen, the officers refined their techniques in riding, shooting from horseback, and practicing in formations and in skirmishes. Along with these practices,

10881-458: The troops together with his leadership charisma. The battle lasted an hour and a half from beginning to end with The Rough Riders suffering eight dead and 31 wounded, including Captain Allyn K. Capron Jr. Roosevelt came across Colonel Wood in full health after the battle finished and stepped down from his position to lieutenant-colonel. The United States had full control of this Spanish outpost on

10998-472: The unit would come from New Mexico according to Roosevelt. Among these men were also police officers and military veterans who wished to see action again, most of whom had already retired. Thirty years removed from any armed conflict, men who had served in the regular army during campaigns against Native Americans or during the Civil War sought out to serve as higher-ranking officers, since they already had

11115-475: The volunteer cavalry men was promptly met. With news trickling down of Spanish aggression and the sinking of the USS Maine , men flocked from every corner of the regions to display their patriotism. They gathered a diverse bunch of men consisting of cowboys, gold or mining prospectors, hunters, gamblers, Native Americans, and college boys—all of whom were able-bodied and capable on horseback and in shooting. Half

11232-402: The volunteers to prepare for the assault. As the troops of the various units began slowly creeping up the hill, firing their rifles at the opposition as they climbed, Roosevelt went to the captain of the platoons in the back and had a word with him. He stated that it was his opinion that they could not effectively take the hill due to an insufficient ability to effectively return fire, and that

11349-401: The war, and many of the horses and mules were left behind. Aside from Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt's first-hand mention of deep, heartfelt sorrow from the men left behind, this situation resulted in a premature weakening of the men. Approximately one-fourth of them who received training had already been lost, most dying of malaria and yellow fever . This sent the remaining troops into Cuba with

11466-529: Was 21 when he enlisted with his brother in May 1898. He never made it to Cuba, having been a member of H Troop, one of the four left behind in Tampa. He later became a mining engineer and lawman. He died on 22 April 1973, at the age of 96. Langdon, born in 1881 in what is now North Dakota , " hoboed " his way to Washington, D.C., and called on Roosevelt at the Navy Department, reminding him that his father,

11583-478: Was Jean De'Marigny. Then in 1964, Lorne Greene released the song "Saga of the Ponderosa", wherein Marie's previous husband was "Big Joe" Collins, who dies saving Ben's life. After Ben consoles Marie, the two bond and marry. They choose to honor "Big Joe" by calling their son "Little Joe". So, whether to Stafford, De'Marigny or Collins, Marie Cartwright was previously married. In the last of the three Bonanza TV movies, it

11700-436: Was Landon, not Roberts, who objected to the infusion of any new Cartwrights. The gentle middle son Eric is almost always referred to as Hoss. The nickname was used as a nod to the character's ample girth, an endearing term for "big and friendly", used by his Swedish mother Inger (and Uncle Gunnar). In the Bonanza flashback, his mother names him Eric after her father. To satisfy young Adam, however, Inger and Ben agree to try

11817-538: Was a Canadian actor, musician, singer and radio personality. His notable television roles include Ben Cartwright on the Western Bonanza and Commander Adama in the original science-fiction television series Battlestar Galactica and Galactica 1980 . He also worked on the Canadian television nature documentary series Lorne Greene's New Wilderness and in television commercials. Greene

11934-486: Was a nickname given to the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry , one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the Spanish–American War and the only one to see combat. The United States Army was small, understaffed, and disorganized in comparison to its status during the American Civil War roughly thirty years prior. Following the sinking of USS  Maine , President William McKinley needed to muster

12051-449: Was allowed to embark into Cuba, they were still without most of the horses they had so heavily been trained and accustomed to using. They were not trained as infantry and were not conditioned to doing heavy marching, especially long-distance in hot, humid, and dense jungle conditions. This ultimately served as a severe disadvantage to the men who had yet to see combat. Within another day of camp being established, men were sent forward into

12168-405: Was as Sheriff Roy Coffee. He had played a sheriff many times in films and television. Clem Foster was the good-looking deputy of Virginia City. Clem took over as sheriff when Roy Coffee gave up the office. The role of Clem Foster was portrayed by Bing Rusell . Ben's nephew Will Cartwright, was introduced and was the lead character in five episodes, In 1964, the year that Bonanza hit #1 in

12285-528: Was born Lyon Himan Green in Ottawa , Ontario , to Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire , Dora ( née Grinovsky) and Daniel Green, a shoemaker. He was called "Chaim" by his mother, and his name is shown as "Hyman" on his school report cards. In a biography of him, written by his daughter, she wrote that it was unknown when he began using the name Lorne, nor when he added an "e" to Green. Greene

12402-497: Was cancelled after 13 episodes, Greene thereafter hosted the syndicated nature documentary series Last of the Wild from 1974 to 1975. In the 1977 miniseries Roots , he played the first master of Kunta Kinte , John Reynolds. Through the 1970s, Greene was the spokesman for Alpo Beef Chunks dog food commercials, one of the possible origins of the phrase " Eating your own dog food ". In 2007, TV Guide listed Ben Cartwright as

12519-440: Was cast. In May 1972, Blocker died suddenly from a post-operative pulmonary embolism , following surgery to remove his gall bladder . The producers felt nobody else could continue the role and for the first time a TV show's producers chose to kill off a young major male character (though it had been done twice before with young female leads—in 1956 on Make Room For Daddy , and again in 1963 with The Real McCoys ). Not until

12636-506: Was delegated the dreaded list of soldiers killed in the war. During his radio days, Greene invented a stopwatch which ran backwards (i.e. it would start from a given number and count down to zero); this helped radio announcers gauge how much time was left while speaking. During his CBC radio career, Greene also narrated documentary films, such as the National Film Board of Canada 's Fighting Norway (1943). Greene left

12753-464: Was facilitated by a hail of high caliber covering fire from three Gatling Guns commanded by Lt. John H. Parker , which fired some 18,000 .30 Army rounds into the Spanish trenches atop the crest of both hills. Col. Roosevelt noted that the hammering sound of the Gatling guns visibly raised the spirits of his men: "There suddenly smote on our ears a peculiar drumming sound. One or two of the men cried out, 'The Spanish machine guns!' but, after listening

12870-549: Was former Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt , who later became president, a strong advocate for the Cuban War of Independence . When Wood was promoted to become commander of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, the regiment became known as "Roosevelt's Rough Riders". That term was borrowed from Buffalo Bill , who called his traveling Western show "Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of

12987-568: Was hospitalized. Many of the men were stricken with malarial fever (described at the time as " Cuban fever ") and died in Cuba, while some were brought back to the United States on board the ship in makeshift quarantine. "One of the distressing features of the Malaria which had been ravaging the troops was that it was recurrent and persistent. Some of the men died after reaching home, and many were very sick." Aside from malaria, there were cases of yellow fever, dysentery , and other illnesses. Many of

13104-411: Was introduced in "A Matter of Faith" (season 12, episode 2). The red-haired orphan of a roving rainmaker, Ben takes him in and adopts him in "A Home for Jamie". After Canary's departure in mid-1970, and aware of the show's aging demographic, the writers sought a fresh outlet for Ben's fatherly advice. 14 year-old Mitch Vogel was cast as Jamie. Griff King is a parolee who tries to reform his life as

13221-883: Was just 16 years old in 1898 when he lied about his age to enlist in the New York National Guard, serving in Company K of the 71st Infantry Regiment. He died on 15 May 1987, at the age of 105. Just after the United States entered the war against the Central Powers , the U.S. Congress gave Roosevelt the authority to raise up to four divisions similar to the Rough Riders . In his book Foes of Our Own Household (1917), Theodore Roosevelt explains that he had authorization from Congress to raise four divisions to fight in France, similar to his earlier Rough Riders,

13338-756: Was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on 28 October 1969, "for services to the Performing Arts and to the community." Greene was awarded an honorary doctor of laws degree by his alma mater, Queen's University, in 1971. He was the 1987 recipient of the Earle Grey Award for Lifetime Achievement at the Canadian Gemini Awards . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1559 N. Vine Street. In 1974, Greene received

13455-598: Was rumored that Michael Landon and Lorne Greene felt threatened by the studio initiating a precedent of successfully replacing one heroic leading man Cartwright with a new one, particularly in view of Williams' popularity with viewers. Williams had previously portrayed the titular character in Walt Disney 's Zorro television series, and went on to play the lead in Lost in Space , a science fiction television series, after

13572-596: Was the drama instructor at Camp Arowhon, a summer camp in Algonquin Park , Ontario, Canada, where he developed his talents. Greene began acting while attending Queen's University in Kingston , where he acquired a knack for broadcasting with the Radio Workshop of the university's Drama Guild on the campus radio station CFRC . He gave up on a career in chemical engineering , and upon graduation, found

13689-589: Was then the CBC Radio building. Its faculty included many CBC staff such as Mavor Moore , Fletcher Markle , Lister Sinclair , Andrew Allan , and Esse Ljungh , and graduated a total of 381 students in seven years, 90% of whom found work in the industry. Though successful academically, the school continually lost money, resulting in Greene closing the school in 1952, allowing him to sell the building to recoup his losses. Rough Riders The Rough Riders

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