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49-506: The Adelaide Christmas Pageant is a parade held annually in the South Australian capital of Adelaide . Established in 1933, the event is staged annually on the second Saturday of November, typically from 9.30am except 2020 and 2021 where it was broadcast at 7:00pm. It comprises a procession of 85 sets and 1,700 volunteers, including some 63 floats, 15 bands, 164 clowns, dancing groups, and walking performers, all culminating in

98-458: A 1-1 draw. The wave was being done by college students who had learned the celebrations during college football matches. Former Mexico head coach Bora Milutinovic confessed that everytime he visited another stadium around the world he always thought of the fans in Monterrey. "We played the unforgettable match against Argentina 1-1, when that famous 'Wave' began. Now, when I am in stadiums around

147-682: A distinctively Roman touch— animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo . The giant balloons made an early appearance, with Felix the Cat in 1927. The inflation of the balloons in the streets flanking the American Museum of Natural History the night before has become a traditional gathering for New York's Upper West Side . Also in 1924, the J. L. Hudson Company staged its first Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit, Michigan . Among

196-535: A standard model of wave behavior (published in Nature ). He found that it takes only the actions of a few dozen fans to trigger a wave. Once started, it usually rolls in a clockwise direction at a rate of about 12 m/s (39 ft/s; 43 km/h; 27 mph), or about 22 seats per second. At any given time the wave is about 15 seats wide. These observations appear to be applicable across different cultures and sports, though details vary in individual cases. During

245-603: Is a direct descendant of late Medieval and Renaissance revivals of Roman Triumphs , which had music and banners, wagons filled with the spoils of war, and climaxed with the dux riding in a chariot, preferably drawn by two horses, and thus called the biga . (A quadriga such as surmounts the Brandenburg Gate is drawn by four horses.) Similarly, the climax of a Santa Claus parade is always Santa in his sleigh, drawn by eight reindeer (an octigia ). Roman Triumphs were themselves consciously modeled on ceremonies honoring

294-431: Is a type of metachronal rhythm achieved in a packed stadium or other large seated venue, when successive groups of spectators briefly stand and raise their arms. Immediately upon stretching to full height, the spectator returns to the usual seated position. The result is a wave of standing spectators that travels through the crowd, even though individual spectators never move away from their seats. In many large arenas

343-993: Is currently broadcast officially by NWS-9 , the local affiliate of the Nine Network . For many years the broadcast was carried by SAS-7 , ABS-2 and ADS-10 . Previous commentators have included; Jane Reilly, Ron Sullivan, Patsy Biscoe , Anne Haddy (guest), Brenton Whittle, Robin Roendfeldt, Joanna Moore, Kevin Crease , Lynn Weston, Franci Chammings, Cheryl Mills, Sue Baron, Lionel Williams . Alec Macaskil, Ric Marshall, Pam Tamblyn, John Bannon (guest), Grant Piro , Benita Collins , Tania Nugent, Simon Burke , Jane Doyle , Pete Michell, Dale Sinclair, Elizabeth Doyle, Tony Brooks, Malcolm Harslett, Sandy Roberts , Judith Barr, Julie Anthony (guest), John Bok and Richard Coombe. Commentators and Presenters in recent years have included: Santa Claus parade The Christmas parade

392-725: Is now known as the 6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade and was formerly sponsored by IKEA and Boscov's . It is the oldest parade in the United States held on Thanksgiving Day as the older parade in Peoria is held the day after. In New York City , the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade , famous for its giant helium-filled balloons, began in 1924, inspired by the Eaton's parade in Toronto, with Macy's employees in costume, and—

441-466: The 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico. It was broadcast to a global audience, and the wave was popularized worldwide after the tournament. This was the first time that most people living outside North America had seen the phenomenon. As a result, English speakers outside of North America call the phenomenon a "Mexican wave". Likewise in many languages like Polish, Serbian and Turkish, direct translation of

490-716: The Art Van Santa Parade, made history in 1971 when it became the first parade to end with the arrival of an African-American Santa Claus. The Hollywood Christmas Parade (formerly The Santa Claus Lane Parade) in Southern California is a seasonal tradition that somewhat competes with the Tournament of Roses Parade and the Doo Dah Parade . Gene Autry wrote the well known Christmas song " Here Comes Santa Claus " after hearing children on

539-639: The Michigan Wolverines played the Huskies in Seattle and brought the wave back to Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor . A letter to the sports editor of The New York Times claimed, "There are three reasons why the wave caught on at Michigan Wolverine games: It gave the fans something to do when the team was leading its opponent by 40 points, it was thrilling and exciting to see 105,000 people in

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588-698: The Oilers' 1980-81 season , journalist Peter Gzowski described this routine, which did not yet have a name but was already a standard in Henderson's repertoire: "He will start a cheer in one corner and then roll it around the arena, with each section rising from its seat as it yells." Robb Weller , a cheerleader at the University of Washington from 1968 to 1972 and later co-host of the television show Entertainment Tonight , indicated in September 1984 that

637-513: The Paralympic games of Paris 2024 . This wave is a slow and silent wave to allow the players to hear the game sounds. Today, the wave is often seen during sports events, sometimes during a lull in the action on the field when the spectators want to amuse themselves. There is some controversy as to when the wave is appropriate to perform during a sporting event. Many fans feel that the wave should not be performed in important situations during

686-646: The gods . The Santa Claus parade directly corresponds to the modern triumphal entry of Santa Claus. Santa Claus parades are most common in North America. One of the largest is the Toronto Santa Claus Parade , held annually in mid-November in Toronto , started in 1905 by the Eaton's department store. That year Santa arrived on a train and met Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Eaton, then walked to

735-613: The 2010 Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear , an event hosted by comedy TV show hosts Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert , about 210,000 people participated in a wave led by MythBusters hosts Jamie Hyneman and Adam Savage . On 23 June 2019, during the Rocket League Championship Series (video game e-sports) Season 7 Finals at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey , the audience set

784-618: The Adelaide department store John Martin's , who was inspired by the Toronto Santa Claus Parade and Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade . He opened the first 'Children's Christmas Parade' on 18 November 1933 at the height of the Great Depression . It was a success; running for around 40 minutes with just 8 floats and 3 bands, it attracted 200,000 spectators and from then the tradition of the John Martin's Christmas Pageant or as it

833-444: The Eaton's Downtown store. The first float was introduced in 1908 and consisted of one truck with a band to accompany Santa. The parade now has over 24 floats, 24 bands, and 1,700 participants, and is broadcast in several countries. Peoria, Illinois has the longest running Santa Claus Parade in the U.S. The parade celebrated its 131st edition on November 23, 2018. The first parade in 1887 consisted of boats and derricks sailing down

882-774: The Lower Mainland Christmas Bureau. In 2005, the parade collected over 4,300 kg (9,500 lb) of food and 2,300 toy donations. The last parade occurred in 2019, with the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by lack of sponsorship, leading to its cancellation. Houston, Texas hosts the H-E-B Thanksgiving Day Parade annually since 1950. The previous sponsor was Foley's , until Macy's bought it. Gimbels Department Store in Philadelphia started its parade in 1920. The parade

931-490: The Members participated in the protest waves.) Such a feature is also observed at Lord's , another cricket ground, where the Members in that arena also rarely participate and are booed by the crowd. Cricket Australia formally banned the wave at home games in 2007 on the grounds that liquids and other objects thrown in the air during the wave posed a danger. The move was not well-received and in some cases served to increase

980-439: The Members" as dismissive of any claim to authority or superior social status on the members' part, although good-natured and based on the egalitarian nature of watching sports. (As a postscript to the "booing the Members" phenomenon, even when the Members stand was closed due to the reconstruction work, the crowd would still boo, despite the Members' stand being completely empty. When waves were banned (see below), large sections of

1029-572: The Santa Claus Lane Parade route yelling "Here Comes Santa Claus!" upon glimpsing Santa in the distance. As part of its citywide Christmas celebrations, known as Gran Festival Navideño, Mexico City holds a parade on Eje Central . The 2011 version featured mobile machines that blew artificial snow on participants and spectators. This parade has been telecast on the Televisa and Azteca networks, with Televisa 's coverage being

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1078-636: The arrival of Father Christmas . The pageant is officially recognised as a "heritage icon" by the National Trust of Australia , and a "state institution" by the Government of South Australia . The pageant has been owned by the South Australian Government since 1996, and National Pharmacies has been the naming rights sponsor since 2019. The pageant route commenced on King William Street at South Terrace and ran through

1127-521: The cheer continued to appear during the rest of that year's football season. Although the people who created the first wave in Seattle have acknowledged Henderson's wave at a baseball stadium, they claimed to have popularized the phenomenon. Henderson believes that the wave originally was inspired by accident when he was leading cheers at a Colorado Rockies National Hockey League game at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver , Colorado , in 1979. His routine

1176-672: The city to terminate at Adelaide Town Hall . Before 2019, the pageant traditionally ended on North Terrace outside the John Martin's (later David Jones building) where from Father Christmas would proceed inside to the Magic Cave . During the COVID-19 pandemic , the pageant was instead held in Adelaide Oval to a limited audience on a ballot system. Adelaide's Christmas Pageant was founded by Sir Edward Hayward , owner of

1225-640: The credit unions have been continued is that of the Pageant Queen. In 2009 a Pageant King and Princes were introduced to the Pageant and with the Pageant Queen and Princesses make up the Pageant Royal Family. The Royal Family tour the state visiting schools, libraries and children's groups as well as the Women's and Children's Hospital on Pageant Day to share the Pageant magic. In 2008 there

1274-516: The crowd is seated in a contiguous circuit all the way around the sport field, and so the wave is able to travel continuously around the arena; in discontiguous seating arrangements, the wave can instead reflect back and forth through the crowd. When the gap in seating is narrow, the wave can sometimes pass through it. Usually only one wave crest will be present at any given time in an arena, although simultaneous, counter-rotating waves have been produced. The wave first appeared in U.S. sports events in

1323-570: The early features were large papier-mâché heads similar to those seen by Hudson's display director, Charles Wendel, on a recent trip to Viareggio , Italy. The heads continue to be a feature in the annual event. Hudson's sponsored the parade until 1979 when it was turned over to a non-profit group. In 1983, it became the Michigan Thanksgiving Parade and is currently known as America's Thanksgiving Parade . Grand Rapids, Michigan 's annual Santa Claus parade, known today as

1372-790: The event, which it continues to manage through Events South Australia, a division of the South Australian Tourism Commission . It sought sponsorship from the South Australian business community, and in 1996 sold the naming rights to the six South Australian Credit Unions: Australian Central , Savings & Loans, Community CPS, PowerState, Satisfac and the Police Credit Union, which, as a result of mergers, had by 2018 become People's Choice Credit Union , Beyond Bank Australia , Credit Union SA and Police Credit Union. One Johnnie's tradition that

1421-552: The game. Prior to the redevelopment of the Melbourne Cricket Ground between 2002 and 2006, spectators seated in the Members' Stand (reserved for members of the Melbourne Cricket Club ) would refuse to engage in the wave, and would be booed by other spectators at the ground, before the wave would resume on the other side of the stand. Sociologist John Carroll described the practice of "booing

1470-443: The kids would imbibe too much and the card tricks would get all goofed up; then we'd try card tricks with the kids using their bodies as cards and that wouldn't work. Finally we tried a Wave in the student section and it caught on but that Wave was different from this Wave. It would go from the bottom to top instead of side to side. The first wave at the University of Washington 's Husky Stadium occurred on Halloween 1981 , at

1519-558: The largest induction of new floats took place, with 16 joining the pageant. In 1985, John Martin's was acquired by David Jones Limited , who continued the pageant under the John Martin's name. However, with the collapse of the Adelaide Steamship Group (of which David Jones was a significant member), and the public float of the David Jones retailing arm, in the mid-1990s the South Australian Government acquired

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1568-591: The late 1970s to early 1980s. Televised instances at many matches of the 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico brought it to a global audience and led to the name "Mexican wave" in English-speaking countries outside North America. On November 15, 1979, the wave originated at a National Hockey League (NHL) game between the Colorado Rockies and Montreal Canadiens at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver , Colorado . Krazy George Henderson perfected

1617-669: The official coverage and being the most-widely aired coverage, being broadcast in other Spanish-speaking countries and on Galavision in the United States. Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth countries outside Canada, Santa Claus parades are usually known as Christmas pageants. The largest is the Adelaide Christmas Pageant , which was begun in 1933 and is held annually in November. Mexican wave The wave (also Mexican wave outside North America )

1666-578: The parade through the years included fireworks, circus wagons, a calliope, live reindeer and numerous parade floats. The parade was first televised in 1958. In Vancouver , the Santa Claus Parade, originally sponsored by Rogers, and later Telus, has also grown to be one of the largest, with 65 floats and bands. A special train also circulates through the parade, collecting donations for the Greater Vancouver Food Bank and

1715-552: The phrase Mexican Wave is used. In Germany, Italy, and other countries the wave is called "la ola" (or simply ola ) from the Spanish word for "wave", while in Portuguese-speaking countries, such as Brazil, it is alternatively translated to a onda , more commonly [o] ondão (augmentative) or simply onda , but a ola is also used. A silent wave has been created during a blind football match (Turkey-China) during

1764-577: The prevalence of the wave at those games. In one such example, Adam Gilchrist , the Australian wicketkeeper , participated in the banned wave from the playing field. The ban continues to be intermittently imposed and lifted by Cricket Australia and Australian police. In 2002, Tamás Vicsek of the Eötvös Loránd University , Hungary along with his colleagues, analyzed videos of 14 waves at large Mexican football stadiums, developing

1813-475: The prompting of Dave Hunter (Husky band trumpet player) and the visiting alumni cheerleader Weller. In 1982 Husky head coach Don James pointed to crowd noise from the wave as a competitive advantage when playing home games at Husky Stadium. The wave had been picked up by fans at the nearby Kingdome prior to the Seattle Seahawks ' first playoff appearance in 1983 . In the early fall of 1983 ,

1862-513: The river as part of the new bridge construction. In 1888, Peoria held a parade through town, celebrating the completion of the new Upper Free Bridge . The following December, Frederick Block of the Schipper and Block Department Store (later Block & Kuhl's) sponsored a parade that followed the same route and featured Santa Claus. This created the concept of a department-store parade that was later emulated in larger cities. Various attractions in

1911-488: The school's early 1970s cheerleading squad developed a version of the wave that went from the bottom to top, instead of side to side, as a result of difficulties in getting the generally inebriated college audience members to timely raise and lower cards: Actually ...there were two Waves. I was a cheerleader at the University of Washington from 1968 to 1972 when we started the first Wave. We tried to have card tricks but

1960-402: The stands moving and cheering, and Bo Schembechler asked us not to do it." The fans responded to his request by doing more waves, including "Silent Waves" (standing and waving arms without cheering), "Shsh Waves" (replacing the cheering with a "shshing" sound), the "Fast Wave", the "Slow Wave", and two simultaneous waves traveling in opposite directions. The following spring, fans who had enjoyed

2009-434: The street parade format using the 2019 route towards Adelaide Town Hall, with approximately 100,000 people in attendance due to continuing COVID restrictions and a thunderstorm. The 2023 pageant continued the 2019 format with 300,000 people in attendance; it had been moved up to 4 November to avoid clashing with Remembrance Day . The 2024 Pageant will conclude at the corner of Rundle Mall and King William Street. The Pageant

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2058-597: The wave at National Hockey League games, followed later by the earliest available video documentation of a wave, which he led on October 15, 1981, at a Major League Baseball game in Oakland , California. This wave was broadcast on TV, and George has used a videotape of the event to bolster his claim as the inventor of the wave. On October 31, 1981 , a wave was created at a University of Washington football game against Stanford at Husky Stadium in Seattle , and

2107-652: The wave in Ann Arbor introduced it to the nearby Tiger Stadium in Detroit . The Tigers won baseball's World Series that year and appeared on many televised games throughout 1984, so people all over the US saw it. On September 18, 1984, in the Monterrey metro area suburb of San Nicolas de los Garza, at the Estadio Universitario, the Mexican national team played a friendly match against Argentina, ending in

2156-546: The world and I see 'waves' where people express their joy at seeing good football, it always reminds me of the fans of the north" The wave was broadcast internationally during the 1984 Olympic football (soccer) final between Brazil and France on August 11, when it was done among the 100,000 in attendance at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California . Most sports historians agree that the wave began internationally during

2205-466: Was a Guinness world record attempt for the longest and largest Mexican wave , but it failed. In 2010 the spectators broke the record for the largest group of carol singers singing Christmas carols at the same time. They set a record of over 9,100 carol singers, breaking the previous record of 7,541 set in the USA. In 2019, National Pharmacies acquired the naming rights sponsorship of the event. The pageant

2254-421: Was additionally rerouted; no longer terminating at its traditional ending at the David Jones (previously John Martin's) building on North Terrace, it instead follows an adjusted route that finishes at Adelaide Town Hall . Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the 2020 pageant was altered drastically for the very first time. Instead of the traditional street parade it was more likened to an arena spectacular. The pageant

2303-487: Was affectionately known the 'Johnnie's Christmas Pageant' was born. Father Christmas was introduced in 1934 and tradition of the pageant finishing at the Magic Cave (itself created in 1905) was established. During the war years of 1941–1944, the pageant was in abeyance. It was restored in 1945. By 1969, the event had grown significantly, with attendances reaching 500,000 and television broadcasting commencing. In 1979,

2352-510: Was held at Adelaide Oval to a permitted audience of 25,000. The event was shifted from its traditional morning timeslot to a twilight performance starting at 7pm. Tickets were drawn from a ballot. The 2021 event was again held at Adelaide Oval because of continuing restrictions and the Delta variant, again with the ballot system in place. However, the permitted audience was increased to 35,000 and masks were mandatory. The 2022 pageant returned to

2401-401: Was to have one side of the arena jump and cheer, then have the opposite side respond. One night in late 1979, there was a delayed response from one section of fans, leading to them jumping to their feet a few seconds later than the section beside them. The next section of fans followed suit, and the first wave circled McNichols Arena of its own accord. In The Game of Our Lives , a 1981 book about

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