89-620: Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra (literally " shed of 2½ days") is a historical mosque in the city of Ajmer in Rajasthan , India . It is one of the oldest mosques in India, and the oldest surviving monument in Ajmer . Commissioned by Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak in 1192 CE and designed by Abu Bakr of Herat , the mosque is an example of early Indo-Islamic architecture. The structure was completed in 1199 CE and
178-491: A bicycle parking rack on which bikes can be supported and locked and a roof to keep rain and/or snow off the bikes and their riders while mounting and dismounting. Bike sheds range from little more than a supported roof to more complex structures with walls and locking doors or gates. The color of a bikeshed is the topic of a well-known adage about the challenges of group work in organizational psychology. Boatsheds (or boat sheds) are typically lockable wooden sheds built near
267-1212: A log cabin . In the United States, "the woodshed" was the traditional location for parents to administer corporal punishment to children. In the 19th century military barracks , sheds were used as auxiliary buildings for various purposes. The Royal Artillery park barracks in Halifax used sheds as gun sheds, carriage sheds, repair sheds, wheel sheds, wagon sheds and storage sheds. The simplest and least-expensive sheds are available in kit form. These kits are designed for regular people to be able to assemble themselves using commonly available tools (e.g., screwdriver). Both shed kits and DIY (do-it-yourself) plans are available for wooden and plastic sheds. Sheds are used to store home and garden tools and equipment such as lawn tractors, and gardening supplies. In addition, sheds can be used to store items that are not suitable for indoor storage, such as petrol ( gasoline ), pesticides, or herbicides . For homes with small gardens or modest storage needs, there are several types of very small sheds. The sheds not only use less ground area but also have
356-431: A shack , outhouse , or "outbuilding". Sheds may be classified as "accessory buildings" in municipal bylaws which may regulate their size, appearance, and distance from the principal building and boundary lines. Arena sheds may have a simple open roof structure, or be partially walled or fully enclosed. They are typically used as horse-riding equestrian venues, providing all-year usage of the facility with protection from
445-409: A "place of retreat" is a "male necessity" which provides men with solace, especially during their retirement. In contrast, in the novel Cold Comfort Farm by Stella Gibbons , Aunt Ada Doom saw "something nasty in the woodshed" and retreated to her bed for half a century. To woodshed, or 'shed, in jazz jargon, is "to shut oneself up, away from the world, and practice long and hard, as in 'going to
534-404: A body of water to store small private boats, bathing suits, life vests and related items. Boat sheds used for rowing clubs are generally larger structures for storing rowing skiffs . Garden tool sheds, including allotment sheds, are used to store seeds, soil, hoses, portable sprinklers, or garden tools such as hand rakes , shovels , lawnmowers , etc. Engine sheds are structures used for
623-666: A brick screen wall where Ghori could offer prayers. By the end of the century, a complete mosque was built. The central mihrab in the mosque contains an inscription indicating the completion date of the mosque. It is dated Jumada II 595 AH (April 1199 CE). This makes the mosque one of the oldest in India, and the second mosque to be built by the Mamluks of Delhi (the first being the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque ). Another inscription, dated Dhu al-Hijjah 596 AH (September–October 1200 CE), names Abu Bakr ibn Ahmed Khalu Al-Hirawi as
712-698: A concrete foundation with screws. In countries where the climate is generally mild, such as Australia, very large metal sheds are used for many types of industry. Corrugated metal sheds may be better able to withstand wind and snow loads, as the corrugated shape makes the metal stronger than flat tin. Plastic shed kits utilizing heavy molded plastics such as PVC and polyethylene may be less expensive than sheet-metal sheds. PVC resins and high-impact, UV light -resistant polyethylene make plastic outdoor sheds stronger, lighter, more durable, and more resistant to denting and chipping than wood, and tend to be more stable. Plastic shed kits sided with vinyl are typically among
801-484: A family of Huna chiefs. Another Devanagari inscription is located on a marble pillar in the balcony of an entrance gate. It records the visit of Dharma, a mason of Bundi in the Jyeshtha 1462 VS (1405 CE), during the reign of Rana Mokal . During the tenure of Viceroy Lord Mayo , between 1875 and 1878 CE, repairs to the structure were carried out at a cost of ₹ 23,128. Another restoration, costing ₹ 7,538
890-569: A figure of the Hindu goddess Kali . During an 1875–76 archaeological survey, inscriptions referring to a Sanskrit college were unearthed in the mosque premises. Several sculptures and 6 Devanagari basalt tablets (slabs) were recovered from the site. These artifacts are now exhibited at the Ajmer Museum. The tablets are as follows: The tablets containing the plays were engraved by Bhaskar, son of Mahipati and grandson of Govinda, hailing from
979-557: A fine example of a mix of Indian, Hindu, Muslim and Jain architectures. Shed A shed is typically a simple, single-story roofed structure, often used for storage, for hobbies , or as a workshop , and typically serving as outbuilding , such as in a back garden or on an allotment . Sheds vary considerably in their size and complexity of construction, from simple open-sided ones designed to cover bicycles or garden items to large wood-framed structures with shingled roofs, windows, and electrical outlets . Sheds used on farms or in
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#17327662142981068-698: A game of polo in Lahore; his horse fell and he was impaled on the pommel of his saddle. He was buried near the Anarkali Bazaar in Lahore. The second Sultan was Aram Shah , who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1210 to 1211. An elite group of forty nobles named Chihalgani ( lit. ' the Forty ' ) conspired against Aram Shah and invited Shams-ud-din Iltutmish , then Governor of Badaun , to replace Aram. Iltutmish defeated Aram in
1157-497: A king of the Shakambhari Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasty. The original building was square-shaped, with a tower- chhatri (dome-shaped pavilion) at each corner. A temple dedicated to Sarasvati was located on the western side. A tablet dated to 1153 CE was found at the site in the 19th century; based on this, it can be inferred that the original building must have been constructed sometime before 1153 CE. The relics in
1246-498: A low profile less likely to obstruct the view or clash with the landscaping. These small sheds include corner sheds, which fit into a corner (1 m × 1 m × 0.5 m or 3 ft × 3 ft × 2 ft—tall, wide, deep), vertical sheds (1.5 m × 1 m × 1 m deep, or 5 ft × 3 ft × 4 ft), horizontal sheds (1 m × 1.5 m × 1 m or 3 ft × 5 ft × 4 ft), and tool sheds. When
1335-498: A metal frame. Metal sheds are a good choice when long-term strength and resistance to fire, rot, or termites are desired. However, metal sheds may rust over time, particularly if they are constructed from steel that is not galvanized. Be aware that concrete is highly corrosive so care needs to be taken when assembling your shed to avoid contact with the outside panels. As well, some types of metal sheds that have thin walls are easily dented, which may make some types of thin metal sheds
1424-429: A mosque below). Alexander Cunningham described the building as the "Great Mosque of Ajmer". The site of the mosque originally had another structure. According to Jain tradition, this structure was constructed by Seth Viramdeva Kala in 660 CE as a Jain shrine to celebrate Panch Kalyanaka . Epigraphic evidence suggests that the site had a Sanskrit college building commissioned by Vigraharaja IV (alias Visaladeva),
1513-426: A pent or apex roof shape. A pent shed features a single roof section that is angled downwards to let rainwater run off, with more headroom at the front than the back. This is a simple, practical design that will fit particularly well next to a wall or fence. It is also usually lower than the typical apex shed, so could be a better choice if there are any height restrictions. A pent shed may be free-standing or attached to
1602-452: A poor choice for vandal-prone areas or for high-traffic activities such as small businesses. In cold climates, metal sheds with thin walls need to have snow and ice cleared from the roof, because the thin metal may be damaged by a heavy accumulation. Since thin metal sheds weigh much less than wood or PVC plastic sheds, thin metal sheds are more at risk of being damaged by heavy winds. To prevent wind damage, thin metal sheds should be attached to
1691-442: A shed is used for tool storage, shelves and hooks are often used to maximize the storage space. Gambrel -style roofed sheds (sometimes called baby barns), which resemble a Dutch-style barn , have a high sloping roofline which increases storage space in the "loft" area. Some Gambrel-styles have no loft and offer the advantage of reduced overall height. Another style of small shed is the saltbox -style shed. Many sheds have either
1780-434: A shingled roof, and electrical outlets. Larger sheds provide more space for engaging in hobbies such as gardening , small engine repair, or tinkering . Some sheds have small porches or include furniture, which allows them to be used for relaxation purposes. In some cases, remote workers who live in mild climates use small to medium-sized wooden garden sheds as outdoor offices . There is a growing industry in providing "off
1869-509: A special cylinder. A powerful preservative is then forced into the wood at high pressure until it is absorbed deep into the grain, becoming an integral part of the timber. This provides excellent protection against the weather—so much so that manufacturers generally give a 15-year anti-rot guarantee. These sheds are usually distinguished by a pale green tinge which will fade eventually to a silvery grey. Although pressure-treated sheds tend to be more expensive than dip-treated ones, their big advantage
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#17327662142981958-412: A square dimension measuring 80 m (260 ft). The tall and slender pillars are not overcrowded and the ones in the courtyard are symmetrically placed. The sanctuary measures 43 m (141 ft) by 12 m (39 ft). The mihrab is built with white marbles. It is believed that Iltumish added the seven arch screens by 1230, which is considered to be an architecturally most notable feature of
2047-461: A swimming pool heater is installed in a shed), and electric lighting. Sheds designed for gardening, called "potting sheds", often feature windows or skylights for illumination, ventilation grilles, and a potter's bench for mixing soil and re-potting plants. The main types of shed construction are metal sheathing over a metal frame, plastic sheathing and frame, all-wood construction (wood frame, wood siding and wood roof), and vinyl-sided sheds built over
2136-399: A wall (when it is known, unsurprisingly, as a wall shed). An apex shed has a pointed roof in an inverted V shape similar to the roofline of many houses. Two roof sections meet at a ridge in the middle, providing more headroom in the centre than at the sides. This type is generally regarded as a more attractive and traditional design and may be preferable if the shed is going to be visible from
2225-429: A wooden frame. Each type has various advantages and disadvantages that a homeowner has to consider. For example, while metal sheds are fire and termite-resistant, they can rust over time, or be severely damaged by high winds or heavy snow loads. Wood sheds are easier to modify or customize than plastic or metal because carpentry tools and basic carpentry skills are more readily available. Vinyl-sided, wood-framed sheds blend
2314-476: Is a renewable resource. Vinyl-sided sheds are typically built with standard wood framing construction and oriented strand board (OSB) on the walls covered with standard vinyl siding. The vinyl siding protects the OSB wood and the frame from moisture from rain and snow. Vinyl-sided sheds never need to be painted, and are maintenance-free. They are stronger than plastic or metal sheds, and are usually built to conform with
2403-489: Is one organisation that has been set up involving sheds. Another magazine called The Shed , a bi-monthly PDF magazine produced in the UK, but with a global audience, targets people who work (usually in creative industries) in garden offices, sheds and other shed-like atmospheres. In the UK, people have long enjoyed working in their potting sheds; the slang term "sheddie", refers to a person enamoured of shed-building, testifies to
2492-597: Is recorded in English since 1481, as shadde , possibly a variant of shade . The word shade comes from the Old English word sceadu , which means "shade, shadow, darkness". The term's P.Gmc. cognate, skadwo also means "shady place, protection from glare or heat". The Old English word is spelled in different ways, such as shadde , shad or shedde , all of which come from an Old Teutonic/Anglo-Saxon root word for separation or division. The first attested usage of
2581-452: Is that they will not need any further preservative treatment during the guarantee period, saving owners time and money. One advantage of using wood sheds over metal versions is that it is easier to modify them by adding windows, doors, shelving, or exterior trim (etc.) because wood can be cut and drilled using commonly available tools, whereas a plastic or metal shed requires specialized tools. Some homeowners may prefer wood sheds because wood
2670-633: The Abbasid Caliphate between 1228–29 and had managed to keep India unaffected by the invasions of Genghis Khan and his successors . Following the death of Iltutmish in 1236 a series of weak rulers remained in power and a number of the noblemen gained autonomy over the provinces of the Sultanate. Power shifted hands from Rukn ud din Firuz to Razia Sultana until Ghiyas ud din Balban rose to
2759-779: The Gangetic plain and established control over some of the new areas. The last ruler, Shamsuddin Kayumars , an infant, was murdered by Jalal-ud-Din Khalji , a nobleman who then established the Khalji dynasty . The Mamluk dynasty was founded by Qutb ud-Din Aibak , a Turkic Mamluk slave-general of the Ghurid Empire from Central Asia . Mamluks were soldiers of slave origins who had converted to Islam . The phenomenon started in
Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra - Misplaced Pages Continue
2848-617: The Ghurid territories in India and subsequently, the Sultanate of Delhi , from 1206 to 1290 — the Qutbi dynasty (1206–1211), the first Ilbari or Shamsi dynasty (1211–1266) and the second Ilbari dynasty (1266–1290). Before the establishment of the Mamluk dynasty, Qutb al-Din Aibak 's tenure as a Ghurid dynasty administrator lasted from 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led forays into
2937-464: The Indo-Islamic architecture . It was designed by Abu Bakr of Herat , an architect who accompanied by Muhammad Ghori. The mosque was built almost entirely by Hindu masons, under the supervision of Afghan managers. The mosque is much larger than the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque of Delhi. The exterior of the building is square-shaped, with each side measuring 259 feet. There are two entrances, one at
3026-695: The 9th century and gradually the Mamluks became a powerful military class in various Muslim societies. Mamluks held political and military power most notably in Egypt , but also in the Levant , Iraq , and India . In 1206, Muhammad of Ghor , the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire , was assassinated. Since he had no male heirs, his empire split into minor sultanates led by his former Mamluk generals. Taj-ud-Din Yildoz became
3115-767: The Chihalgani became disorderly and constantly bickered among each other. It was during this period of unrest that the Mongols invaded the Punjab and sacked Lahore. Muiz-ud-din Bahram was too weak to take any action against them, and the Chihalgani besieged him in the White Fort of Delhi and put him to death in 1242. The seventh Sultan was Ala-ud-din Masud , who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1242 to 1246. He
3204-484: The Chihalgani group of noblemen. He tried to establish peace and order in India and built many outposts with garrisons of soldiers in areas where there had been disorder. Balban wanted to make sure everyone was loyal to the crown, so he established an efficient espionage system. He also fought against the Mongols and repelled many invasions by them. He lost his favourite son Prince Muhammad in the Battle of Beas River against
3293-692: The Delhi Sultanate in 1227. In 1230, Iltutmish built the Hauz-i-Shamsi reservoir in Mehrauli , and in 1231 he built Sultan Ghari , which was the first Islamic mausoleum in Delhi . The fourth Sultan was Rukn-ud-din Feroze , who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from April 1236 to November 1236. He ruled for only seven months and his mother, Shah Turkan , for all practical purposes
3382-504: The Jaipur circle of ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) and is today visited by people of all religions, as a fine example of a mix of Indian, Hindu, Muslim and Jain architectures. "Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra" literally means " shed of two-and-a-half days". Alternative transliterations and names include Arhai Din ka Jhompra or Dhai Din ki Masjid . A legend states that a part of the mosque was built in two-and-a-half days (see #Conversion into
3471-560: The Koran, and is reminiscent of Islamic architecture from Ghazni and Turkistan . Some of the carvings feature Arabesque floral and foliate patterns; their geometric symmetry is reminiscent of Persian tilework . Their filigree sets them apart from Hindu-style carvings in the same building. The Hindu patterns are similar to the ones seen in the 10th-century structures at Nagda and the 11th century Sas-Bahu Temple at Gwalior . The 19th century American traveler John Fletcher Hurst described
3560-523: The Mongols. The tenth and final Sultan was Muiz-ud-din Muhammad Qaiqabad , who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1287 to 1290. Being still young at the time, he ignored all state affairs. After four years, he suffered a paralytic stroke and was later murdered in 1290 by a Khalji chief. His three-year-old son Kayumars nominally succeeded him, but the Slave dynasty had ended with
3649-617: The Shed (1999) and a 5-part film documentary series with the same name. Gordon Thorburn also examined the shed proclivity in his book Men and Sheds (2002), as did Gareth Jones in Shed Men (2004). Recently, "Men's Sheds" have become common in Australia. In New Zealand, the bi-monthly magazine The Shed appeals to the culture of " blokes " who do woodwork or metalwork DIY projects in their sheds. The Australian Men's Shed Association
Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra - Misplaced Pages Continue
3738-462: The Year , for four series (with host George Clarke ) In the United States, Shed Builder Magazine is a bimonthly magazine dedicated to the builders, dealers, and manufacturers within the shed industry. The magazine owns and manages Shed Builder Expo, a yearly, two-day conference for the shed industry. Author Gordon Thorburn examined the shed proclivity in his book Men and Sheds , which argues that
3827-463: The central dome of the building and imposed a ban on the removal of stones from the structure. An inscription dated Saavan 1866 VS (1809 CE) exhorts Hindus and Muslims not to remove stones from the ancient building. In 1818, Ajmer came under the Company rule . James Tod visited the mosque in 1819, and described it in his Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan as "one of the most perfect as well as
3916-430: The difference between the two types of preservative used in their manufacture. The timber will have been treated in one of two ways: dip treatment or pressure treatment. Dip-treated sheds are made from components that are lowered into a tank of preservatives before the panels are assembled. This is a quick and simple process that keeps costs down and encourages manufacturers to produce a wide variety, making dip-treated sheds
4005-455: The early and middle years of the 20th century, many garden sheds and domestic garages were made of asbestos -cement sheets supported on a very light angle-iron frame. Concerns about safety led to the practice being discontinued, but they were cheap and long-lasting, and many can still be seen in British gardens. Advice on continued use or disposal is available. In Australia and New Zealand
4094-596: The genius of the Islamite architect, these two splendid mosques of the first Indian Muhammadans are only surpassed by the soaring sublimity of the Christian Cathedrals. But in the gorgeous prodigality of ornament, in the beautiful richness of tracery, and an endless variety of detail, in delicate sharpness of finish, and the laborious accuracy of workmanship, all of which are due to the Hindu masons, I think that these two grand Indian mosques may justly vie with
4183-488: The house. A twist on the standard apex shape is the reverse apex shed. In this design, the door is set in a side wall instead of the front. The main advantage of the reverse apex design is that the door opens into the widest part of the shed instead of the narrowest, so it is easier to reach into all areas to retrieve or store equipment. Larger, more-expensive sheds are typically constructed of wood and include features typically found in house construction, such as windows,
4272-497: The industry can be large structures. The main types of shed construction are metal sheathing over a metal frame, plastic sheathing and frame, all-wood construction (the roof may be asphalt shingled or sheathed in tin), and vinyl-sided sheds built over a wooden frame. Small sheds may include a wooden or plastic floor, while more permanent ones may be built on a concrete pad or foundation. Sheds may be lockable to deter theft or entry by children, domestic animals, wildlife, etc. The word
4361-576: The last Khwarazmshah Jalal-ud-din Mangabarni , who was defeated at the Battle of the Indus by Genghis Khan in 1221. After Genghis Khan's death, Iltutmish consolidated his hold on northern India by retaking many of the lost territories. Bengal , which had been held by the Turko-Afghan general Bakhtiyar Khilji and his successors of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal , was finally incorporated into
4450-511: The late 12th century. According to a local legend, after defeating Vigraharaja's nephew Prithviraja III in the Second Battle of Tarain , Muhammad of Ghor passed through Ajmer. There, he saw the magnificent temples, and ordered his slave general Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak to destroy them, and construct a mosque – all within 60 hours (that is, 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 days). The artisans could not build a complete mosque in 60 hours time, but constructed
4539-566: The least-expensive types of shed construction. Higher-quality sheds use UV-resistant plastic and powder-coated metal frames. Many plastic sheds are modular to allow for easy extensions, peg-boards, shelving, attic-storage, windows, skylights, and other accessories to be added later if these additions are purchased from the manufacturer. Plastic sheds are not susceptible to termite or wood-boring insect damage, and they require little maintenance. Being rot-proof they do not need to have preservatives applied. This makes them preferable in climates where
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#17327662142984628-425: The local building codes. They offer good value for money because they hold up in all weather, including winters with heavy snowfall, as they use a strong wooden frame and the OSB panels have stronger structural support than thin metal or PVC siding or roofs. Metal, plastic and resin sheds are cheaper, but they cannot handle the weight of snow in winter (roofs may cave in). Vinyl sheds also offer more colour options. In
4717-629: The maintenance or storage of railway locomotives. In Britain, these are also called motive power depots . Goods sheds are railway buildings designed for storing goods before or after carriage in a train. Train sheds are buildings adjacent to a railway station where the tracks and platforms are covered by a roof. The first train shed was built in 1830 at Liverpool's Crown Street Station . Snow sheds are strongly built timber or reinforced-concrete tunnels that protect railroad tracks (or roads) from avalanches . These may contain any items any person wishes to store and to organize and/or protect from
4806-568: The modern building show both Hindu and Jain features. According to KDL Khan, the building materials were taken from Hindu and Jain temples. According to Caterina Mercone Maxwell and Marijke Rijsberman, the Sanskrit college was a Jain institution, and the building materials were taken from Hindu temples. ASI Director-General Alexander Cunningham hypothesized that the pillars used in the building were probably taken from 20–30 demolished Hindu temples, which featured at least 700 pillars in total. Based on
4895-479: The mosque. The large central arch is accompanied by two small fluted minarets. The front facade of the structure features a huge screen with yellow limestone arches, built during the reign of Iltutmish. The main arch is nearly 60 feet high and is flanked by six smaller arches. The arches have small rectangular panels for passage of daylight, similar to the ones found in early Arabian mosques. The archway features Kufic and Tughra inscriptions and quotations from
4984-651: The most ancient monuments of Hindu architecture." Subsequently, Alexander Cunningham , the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) inspected the building in 1864, and described it in the ASI report of that year. Tod believed the earlier structure to be a Jain temple. However, Cunningham pointed out that this could not be correct, since the pillars in the building feature several four-armed figures (characteristic of Hindu gods) besides
5073-411: The most popular and affordable type on the market. They are easily recognisable by their golden brown colour, which is due to a dye added to the preservative. Most manufacturers offer a 10-year anti-rot guarantee on dip-treated sheds, but they have to be re-coated every year or two. Pressure-treated sheds are made from timber planks that have had the moisture sucked out of them under vacuum conditions in
5162-499: The nobles and administratively handled the Sultanate well. However, she began associating with the African Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut , provoking racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were primarily Central Asian Turkic and already resented the rule of a female monarch. She was defeated by the powerful nobleman Malik Altunia whom she agreed to marry. Her half-brother Muiz-ud-din Bahram , however, usurped
5251-596: The noblest buildings which the world has yet produced. Scottish architectural historian James Fergusson similarly remarked: As examples of surface-decoration, these two mosques of Altumush at Delhi and Ajmir are probably unrivaled. Nothing in Cairo or in Persia is so exquisite in detail, and nothing in Spain or Syria can approach them for the beauty of surface decoration. Today, the site is visited by people of all religions, as
5340-498: The northern minaret contain his name. The second arch from the south names one Ahmed ibn Muhammad al-Arid as the construction supervisor. The mosque seems to have been ignored by the later kings. It does not find a mention in Taj-ul-Maasir , the earliest history of the Mamluk dynasty. It is not mentioned in Khalji , Tughlaq Lodi and Mughal chronicles either. The Maratha leader Daulat Rao Sindhia (1779–1827) restored
5429-424: The number of effective active ingredients available for wood preservative formulations. For this reason, in recent years, there has been a greater emphasis on preserving wood by keeping it dry, for example through the application of water-repellent "wood protection creams." Some types of wood, such as cedar , are more naturally resistant to water damage. When looking for a wooden shed, it is important to understand
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#17327662142985518-480: The peg" garden offices to cater to this demand, particularly in the UK but also in the US. Shed owners can customize wooden sheds to match the features (e.g., siding, trim, etc.) of the main house. A number of decorative options can be added to sheds, such as dormers , shutters, flower boxes, finials, and weathervanes . As well, practical options can be added such as benches, ramps, ventilation systems (e.g., in cases where
5607-483: The pillar inscriptions, he concluded that these original temples dated to 11th or 12th century CE. Alexander Cunningham further attributed Lieutenant-Colonel of the British empire James Tod , who had visited the mosque, in the report. Tod had said that the whole building could have been originally a Jain Temple. The original building was partially destroyed and converted into a mosque by Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak of Delhi in
5696-506: The pillars and roofs are from the pre-Islamic structure, but the original carvings were destroyed by Muslims. Michael W. Meister believes that some of the pillars were newly created by Hindu masons for their Muslim masters; these were combined with the older, plundered pillars (whose images were defaced). Similarly, he states that the ceilings combine newer and older work by Hindu workers. The muazzin 's towers are located in two small minarets (10.5 in diameter). These minarets are located at
5785-490: The place of sheds in the UK popular culture. The Usenet newsgroup "uk.rec.sheds" has long championed this subculture. Since 2007 there has been a UK competition called Shed of the Year . Each year British sheddies enter their shed builds and after a short list is produced (including Pub Sheds, Eco Sheds, Workshops & unexpected categories), a public vote helps to decide the ultimate Shed, it also featured on Channel 4 television as George Clarke's Amazing Spaces : Shed of
5874-572: The plain of Jud near Delhi in 1211. It is not quite certain what became of Aram. The third Sultan was Shams-ud-din Iltutmish , who had the titular name of Nasir Amir-ul-Mu'minin and reigned from 1211 to 1236. He shifted the capital from Lahore to Delhi and trebled the exchequer. He defeated Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha of Multan and Tajuddin Yildoz of Ghazni, who had declared themselves contenders of Delhi. The Mongols encroached into India in pursuit of
5963-463: The rebellions of Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha of Multan and Tajuddin Yildoz of Ghazni . Making Lahore his capital, he consolidated his control over North India through an administrative hold over Delhi . He also initiated the construction of Delhi's earliest Muslim monuments, the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque and the Qutb Minar . In 1210, he died due to injuries received from an accident while playing
6052-582: The ruler of Ghazni , Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji got Bengal and Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha became the sultan of Multan . Qutb ud-Din Aibak became the sultan of Delhi , establishing the Mamluk dynasty. However, his reign as the Sultan of Delhi was short-lived with his death in 1210. His successor Aram Shah rose to the throne, only to be assassinated by Iltutmish in 1211. The Sultanate under Iltutmish established cordial diplomatic contact with
6141-482: The screen as "a gem of great renown throughout the Mohammedan world ." The interior of the building is a quadrangle measuring 200 × 175 feet. It comprises the main hall (248 × 40 feet) supported by cloisters of pillars . The pillars feature varying designs and are heavily decorated, similar to the ones in Hindu and Jain rock temples . They have large bases and taper as they rise in height. According to K.D.L. Khan,
6230-411: The south, and another at the east. The prayer area (the actual mosque) is located in the west, while the north side faces a hill rock. The actual mosque building on the western side has 10 domes and 124 pillars; there are 92 pillars on the eastern side; and 64 pillars on each of the remaining sides. Thus, there are 344 pillars in the entire building. Out of these, only 70 pillars remain standing now. It has
6319-439: The strength of a wood frame with the maintenance-free aspect of vinyl siding (it does not need to be painted or varnished). The International Building Code (IBC) defines a shed as a building or structure of an accessory character; it classifies them under utility and miscellaneous group U (Chapter 3 Section 312). Metal sheds are made from thin sheet metal sheathing ( galvanized steel , aluminium , or corrugated iron) attached to
6408-630: The strength of wood, over time, untreated and neglected wood can rot, split, warp or become susceptible to mold and mildew , so wood sheds should be treated for protection with stain and varnish. Wood sheds need regular maintenance. This includes keeping plant matter and debris from piling up beside the walls and on the roof, and occasional rot-proofing with preservatives. Sheds are sometimes also re-stained or varnished at times for aesthetic and wood protection reasons. Fire and, in some regions, termite attack are also potential problems. Stains and preservatives can be applied to wood sheds to prevent damage to
6497-452: The supervisor of construction. This makes Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra one of the oldest mosques in India, and the oldest surviving monument in Ajmer. Iltutmish , the successor of Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak, subsequently beautified the mosque in 1213 CE, with a screen wall pierced by corbelled engrailed arches — a first in India. An inscription on the central arch of the screen as well as two inscriptions of
6586-590: The sword", in opposition to the Persian "men of the pen". The Khalji dynasty came into being when Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji overthrew the last of the Slave dynasty rulers, Muiz ud din Qaiqabad , the grandson of Balban, and assumed the throne at Delhi. The first Sultan of the Mamluk dynasty was Qutb ud-Din Aibak , who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1206 to 1210. He temporarily quelled
6675-497: The term shed can be used to refer to any building that is not a residence and which may be open at the ends or sides, or both. Australia's passion for sheds is documented in Mark Thomson's Blokes and Sheds (1998). Jim Hopkins ' similarly titled Blokes & Sheds (1998), with photographer Julie Riley Hopkins, profiles amateur inventors from across New Zealand. Hopkins and Riley followed up that book with Inventions from
6764-650: The throne and successfully repelled both external threats to the Sultanate from the Chagatai Khanate invasions and internal threats from the rebellious sultanate nobles. At least until the end of the 13th century when they ruled the Mamluk Sultanate in India, the Ghurid Turks maintained their ethnical characteristics, continuing to use Turkish as their main language, rather than Persian, and persisting in their rude and bellicose ways as "men of
6853-472: The throne with the help of the Chihalgani and defeated the combined forces of the Sultana and her husband. The couple fled and reached Kaithal , where their remaining forces abandoned them. They both fell into the hands of Jats and were robbed and killed on 14 October 1240. The sixth Sultan was Muiz-ud-din Bahram , who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1240 to 15 May 1242. During his reign,
6942-533: The titular name of Nasir-ud-din Feroze Shah and reigned from 1246 to 1266. As a ruler, Mahmud was known to be very religious, spending most of his time in prayer and was renowned for aiding the poor and the distressed. It was his Deputy Sultan, Ghiyath-ud-din Balban , who primarily dealt with state affairs. The ninth Sultan was Ghiyath-ud-din Balban , who had the titular name of Sultan and reigned from 1266 to 1287. Balban ruled with an iron fist and broke up
7031-434: The top of an 11.5 feet thick screen wall. The minarets are now ruined, but their remnants show that they were sloping hollow towers with 24 alternately angular and circular flutes , just like the ones in the Qutb Minar of Delhi. Alexander Cunningham praised the architecture of Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra and Quwwat-ul-Islam mosques in the following words: In boldness of design, and grandeur of conception, which are perhaps due to
7120-403: The weather and theft. These may contain hand tools and/or power tools used to repair automobiles or for construction . These sheds are used for the storage of large quantities of firewood . Woodsheds help protect firewood from adverse weather and moisture, especially in snowy or wet climates. Woodsheds are commonly in close proximity to buildings heated by a wood-burning stove , such as
7209-485: The weather can be changeable, such as the United Kingdom. Unlike wooden or metal sheds, which often require a permit to build, in many areas, plastic sheds do not. However, this is something property owners will need to verify. A call to your council/town's planning or building code office can provide information on permits. Wooden sheds have a natural look that can blend in well with garden environments. Despite
7298-402: The weather. Farm sheds and other outbuildings are used to store farm equipment, tractors, tools, hay, and supplies, or to house horses, cattle, poultry or other farm animals. Run-in sheds are three-sided structures with an open face used for horses and cattle. Shearing sheds can be large sheds found on sheep stations to accommodate large-scale sheep shearing . Bicycle sheds usually contain
7387-498: The wood caused by exposure to rain, damp ground, UV light , harsh climatic conditions, fungal attack and wood-boring insects. If a coloured preservative oil or stain is used, a wooden shed can either be made to stand out as a feature within a garden, or to blend in with its surroundings. Red cedar coloured stain is popular. Legislation such as the European Biocidal Products Regulation has reduced
7476-475: The woodshed'." A shed built onto the chassis of an old car, and called Fastest Shed , is legally roadworthy in the UK, and holds the world speed record for sheds. Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi) The Mamluk dynasty ( lit. ' Slave dynasty ' ), or the Mamluk Sultanate , is the historiographical name or umbrella term used to refer to the three dynasties of Mamluk origin who ruled
7565-417: The word, in 1481, was in the sentence, "A yearde in whiche was a shadde where in were six grete dogges" . The Anglo Saxon word shud , which means "cover" may also have been part of the development of the word. In 1440, a shud was defined as a "... schudde, hovel, swyne kote or howse of sympyl hyllynge [covering] to kepe yn beestys" . Depending on the region and type of use, a shed may also be called
7654-416: Was carried out in 1900–1903, under the supervision of Ajmer-Merwara commissioner ALP Tucker . ASI archaeologists Alexander Cunningham and D. R. Bhandarkar carried out a restoration of the building in the first half of the 20th century. Cunningham remarked that no other building of historical or archaeological importance in India was more worthy of preservation. The mosque is among the earliest examples of
7743-543: Was effectively a puppet for the Chihalgani and did not actually have much power or influence in the government. Instead, he became infamous for his fondness of entertainment and wine. By 1246, the chiefs had become upset with Ala-ud-din Masud's increasing hunger for more power and replaced him with his cousin Nasiruddin Mahmud , who was another grandson of Iltutmish. The eighth Sultan was Nasiruddin Mahmud, who had
7832-416: Was further enhanced by Iltutmish of Delhi in 1213 CE. An early example of the Indo-Islamic architecture , most of the building was constructed by Hindu masons, under the supervision of Afghan managers. The mosque retained most of the original Indian features, especially on the ornate pillars. The structure was used as a mosque up to 1947. After the independence of India, the structure was turned over to
7921-461: Was running the government. He abandoned himself to the pursuit of personal pleasure and debauchery, to the considerable outrage of the citizenry. On 9 November 1236, both Rukn-ud-din Feroze and his mother Shah Turkan were assassinated by the Chihalgani. The fifth Sultana was Razia al-Din , who had the titular name of Jalâlat-ud-dîn Raziyâ Sultana and reigned from 1236 to 1240. As the first female Muslim ruler in India, she initially managed to impress
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