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30-488: Adhari may be: a common name of the extinct Old Azeri language an alternative romanisation of the word Azari See also [ edit ] Adhari Park , in Bahrain Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Adhari . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

60-461: Is Iranian (al-farssya), which binds them together, while Arabic is also used among them; among those who speak al-faressya (here he seemingly means Persian, spoken by the elite of the urban population), there are few who do not understand Arabic; and some merchants and landowners are even adept in it". Ibn Hawqal mentions that some areas of Armenia are controlled by Muslims and others by Christians. Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn Al-Masudi (896-956),

90-411: Is implied in /dar/. The vocabulary of the natives of Balkh was dominant in this language, which includes the dialects of the eastern peoples. Khuzi is associated with the cities of Khuzistan where kings and dignitaries used it in private conversation and during leisure time, in the bath houses for instance. Ibn Hawqal states: The language of the people of Azerbaijan and most of the people of Armenia

120-818: Is like fresh grapes in a ripped fruit basket." A Macaronic (mula'ma which is popular in Persian poetry where some verses are in one language and another in another language) poem from Homam Tabrizi, where some verses are in Khorasani (Dari) Persian and others are in the dialect of Tabriz. بدیذم چشم مستت رفتم اژ دست // كوام و آذر دلی كویا بتی مست // دل‌ام خود رفت و می‌دانم كه روژی // به مهرت هم بشی خوش گیانم اژ دست // به آب زندگی ای خوش عبارت // لوانت لاود جمن دیل و گیان بست // دمی بر عاشق خود مهربان شو // كزی سر مهرورزی كست و نی كست // به عشق‌ات گر همام از جان برآیذ // مواژش كان بوان بمرت وارست // كرم خا و ابری بشم بوینی // به بویت خته بام ژاهنام Another Ghazal from Homam Tabrizi where all

150-843: Is neither towards pre-eternity nor upon createdness. Igrar Aliyev Igrar Habib oglu Aliyev ( Azerbaijani : Əliyev İqrar Həbib oğlu ; 14 March 1924, in Baku , Azerbaijan SSR – 11 June 2004, in Baku , Azerbaijan ) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani historian. Aliyev was the author of 160 peer reviewed journal publications and books. Many of his books are devoted to the Medes and Median Empire . Among his writings are: "The History Of Media"(Baku, 1960), "A Historical Survey of Atropatena" (Baku, 1989), "History of Azerbaijan (Baku, 1993, and in Russian, 1995). "Nagorno Karabakh: History, Facts and Events", No. 22-34 (Baku: Elm, 1982), "On Problems Related to

180-942: Is not exactly Dari (name used for the Khorasanian Persian which is the Modern Persian language). From the research conducted by researchers upon this language, it appears that this language is part of the NW Iranian languages and was close to Talyshi language. Talyshi language has kept some of the characteristics of the Median language. Aliyev states that medieval Muslim historians like al-Baladhuri , al-Masudi , ibn Hawqal and Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned this language by name. Other such writers are Estakhri , Ibn al-Nadim , Hamza al-Isfahani , al-Muqaddasi , Ya'qubi , Hamdallah Mustawfi and Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi . According to Gilbert Lazard , "Azarbaijan

210-508: Is partly Dari and partly convoluted (monqaleq) and all of them are named Persian". Al-Moqaddasi also writes on the general region of Armenia, Arran and Azerbaijan and states: They have big beards, their speech is not attractive. In Arminya they speak Armenian, in al-Ran, Ranian (the Caucasian Albanian language ). Their Persian is understandable, and is close to Khurasanian (Dari Persian) in sound Ahmad ibn Yaqubi mentions that

240-431: Is related to Fahleh. This name is used to designate five cities of Iran, Esfahan, Rey, Hamadan, Man Nahavand, and Azerbaijan. Persian is a dialect which was spoken by the clergy (Zoroastrian) and those who associated with them and is the language of the cities of Fars. Dari is the dialect of the cities of Ctesiphon and was spoken in the kings' /dabariyan/ 'courts'. The root of its name is related to its use; /darbar/ 'court*

270-560: The Arab historian states: The Persians are a people whose borders are the Mahat Mountains and Azarbaijan up to Armenia and Aran, and Bayleqan and Darband , and Ray and Tabaristan and Masqat and Shabaran and Jorjan and Abarshahr, and that is Nishabur, and Herat and Marv and other places in land of Khorasan , and Sejistan and Kerman and Fars and Ahvaz...All these lands were once one kingdom with one sovereign and one language...although

300-632: The People of Azerbaijan are a mixture of Azari 'Ajams ('Ajam is a term that developed to mean Iranian) and old Javedanis (followers of Javidan the son of Shahrak who was the leader of Khurramites and succeeded by Babak Khorramdin). Zakariya b. Mohammad Qazvini's report in Athar al-Bilad, composed in 1275, that "no town has escaped being taken over by the Turks except Tabriz" (Beirut ed., 1960, p. 339) one may infer that at least Tabriz had remained aloof from

330-537: The Turkic language of the same name . Historical research showed that Azeris were an Iranic people before the arrival of Seljuq Turks to the region. Old Azari was spoken in most of Azerbaijan at least up to the 17th century, with the number of speakers decreasing since the 11th century due to the Turkification of the area. According to some accounts, it may have survived for several centuries after that up to

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360-486: The 16th or 17th century. Today, Iranian dialects are still spoken in several linguistic enclaves within Azarbaijan. While some scholars believe that these dialects form a direct continuation of the ancient Azari languages, others have argued that they are likely to be a later import through migration from other parts of Iran, and that the original Azari dialects became extinct. According to Vladimir Minorsky , around

390-579: The 9th or 10th century: The original sedentary population of Azarbayjan consisted of a mass of peasants and at the time of the Arab conquest was compromised under the semi-contemptuous term of Uluj ("non-Arab")—somewhat similar to the raya (*ri’aya) of the Ottoman empire. The only arms of this peaceful rustic population were slings, see Tabari, II, 1379-89. They spoke a number of dialects (Adhari, Talishi) of which even now there remains some islets surviving amidst

420-551: The Caspian border region between Gilan to Shirvan is called a Pahlavi language close to the language of Gilan. Following the Islamic Conquest of Iran , Middle Persian , also known as Pahlavi , continued to be used until the 10th century when it was gradually replaced by a new breed of Persian language, most notably Dari . The Saffarid dynasty in particular was the first in a line of many dynasties to officially adopt

450-926: The Ethnic History of the Azerbaijani People" (Baku: Nurlan, 2002), "The History of Aturpatakan" (also translated into Persian, published in Iran in 1999). Aliyev was a director of the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan . He followed the methodology of the world-famous Soviet academician V. V. Struve , who was a leading specialist in the field of ancient Oriental studies . Aliyev knew ancient dead languages including Sumerian , Akkadian and Old Persian . His works specialized in ancient Media , Atropatena and Caucasian Albania and are cited by Western experts in

480-591: The Turkish speaking population. It was this basic population on which Babak leaned in his revolt against the caliphate. Clifford Edmund Bosworth says: We need not take seriously Moqaddasī’s assertion that Azerbaijan had seventy languages, a state of affairs more correctly applicable to the Caucasus region to the north; but the basically Iranian population spoke an aberrant, dialectical form of Persian (called by Masʿūdī al-āḏarīya) as well as standard Persian, and

510-513: The couplets except the last couplet is in Persian. The last couplet reads: «وهار و ول و دیم یار خوش بی // اوی یاران مه ول بی مه وهاران» Transliteration: Wahar o wol o Dim yaar khwash Bi Awi Yaaraan, mah wul Bi, Mah Wahaaraan Translation: The Spring and Flowers and the face of the friend are all pleasant But without the friend, there are no flowers or a spring. Another recent discovery by the name of Safina-yi Tabriz has given sentences from native of Tabriz in their peculiar Iranian dialect. The work

540-440: The geographers state that the former was difficult to understand. Igrar Aliyev states that: 1. In the writing of medieval Arab historians (Ibn Hawqal, Muqqaddesi..), the people of Azarbaijan spoke Azari. 2. This Azari was without doubt an Iranian language because it is also contrasted with Dari but it is also mentioned as Persian. It was not the same as the languages of the Caucasus mentioned by Arab historians. 3. Azari

570-527: The influence of Turkish until the time. From the time of the Mongol invasion, most of whose armies were composed of Turkic tribes, the influence of Turkish increased in the region. On the other hand, the old Iranian dialects remained prevalent in major cities. Hamdallah Mostawafi writing in the 1340s calls the language of Maraqa as "modified Pahlavi" (Pahlavi-ye Mughayyar). Mostowafi calls the language of Zanjan (Pahlavi-ye Raast). The language of Gushtaspi covering

600-424: The language differed slightly. The language, however, is one, in that its letters are written the same way and used the same way in composition. There are, then, different languages such as Pahlavi, Dari, Azari, as well as other Persian languages. Al-Moqaddasi (died late 10th century) considers Azerbaijan as part of the 8th division of lands. He states:"The languages of the 8th division is Iranian (al-‘ajamyya). It

630-486: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adhari&oldid=1032923266 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Old Azeri language Old Azeri was the dominant language in Azerbaijan before it

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660-464: The new language in 875 CE. Thus Dari is considered the continuation of Middle Persian which was prevalent in the early Islamic era of western Iran. The name Dari comes from the word (دربار) which refers to the royal court, where many of the poets, protagonists, and patrons of the literature flourished. According to Jean During , the inhabitants of Tabriz did not speak Turkic in the 15th century. The language of Tabriz, being an Iranian language,

690-405: The old Iranian dialect of Tabriz in a variety of books and manuscripts. Hamdullah Mustuwafi (14th century) mentions a sentence in the language of Tabriz: تبارزه اگر صاحب حُسنی را با لباس ناسزا یابند، گویند " انگور خلوقی بی چه در، درّ سوه اندرین "؛ یعنی انگور خلوقی( انگوری مرغوب) است در سبد دریده "The Tabrizians have a phrase when they see a fortunate and wealthy man in a uncouth clothes: "He

720-518: The purported Albanian population of the region and which others have pointed out fails properly to show readers the medieval Armenian inscriptions of the monastery, goes on to claim: The indisputable conclusion follows from everything said above that the so-called Armenians of Karabakh and the Azerbaijanis as such (who are the descendants of the Albanian population) of northern Azerbaijan share

750-524: The region of Fahlah. A very similar statement is given by the medieval historian Hamzeh Isfahani when talking about Sassanid Iran. Hamzeh Isfahani writes in the book Al-Tanbih ‘ala Hoduth alTashif that five "tongues" or dialects, were common in Sassanian Iran: Fahlavi, Dari, Persian, Khuzi and Soryani. Hamzeh (893-961 CE) explains these dialects in the following way: Fahlavi was a dialect which kings spoke in their assemblies and it

780-593: The relevant fields. A pamphlet written in 1997 on architecture in Nagarno Karabakh by Aliyev and Kamil Mamedzade, the two authors also asserted that the celebrated thirteenth century Gandzasar monastery, built by the Armenian prince Hasan-Jalal Dawla , was built by Caucasian Albanians. The pamphlet, which refers to the Armenians of Karabakh as "so-called Armenians" because of their alleged descent from

810-516: Was compiled during the Ilkhanid era. A sample expression from the mystic Baba Faraj Tabrizi in the Safina: انانک قده‌ی فرجشون فعالم آندره اووارادا چاشمش نه پیف قدم کینستا نه پیف حدوث Standard Persian (translated by the author of Safina himself): چندانک فرج را در عالم آورده‌اند چشم او نه بر قدم افتاده است نه بر حدوث Modern English: They brought Faraj in this world in such a way that his eye

840-537: Was not the standard Khurasani Dari. Qatran Tabrizi (11th century) has an interesting couplet mentioning this fact: بلبل به سان مطرب بیدل فراز گل گه پارسی نوازد، گاهی زند دری Translation: The nightingale is on top of the flower like a minstrel who has lost her/his heart It bemoans sometimes in Parsi (Persian) and sometimes in Dari (Khurasani Persian) There are extant words, phrases, sentences and poems attested in

870-463: Was replaced by Azerbaijani , which is a Turkic language . Ahmad Kasravi , a preeminent Iranian Azeri scholar and linguist, was the first scholar who examined the Iranian language of Iran's historic Azerbaijan region . He conducted comprehensive research using Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Greek historical sources and concluded that Old Azeri was the language of this region of Iran before it adopted

900-519: Was the domain of Adhari, an important Iranian dialect which Masudi mentions together with Dari and Pahlavi ." According to Richard N. Frye , Azari was a major Iranian language and the original language of Iranian Azerbaijan. It gradually lost its status as the majority language by the end of the 14th century. Ebn al-Moqaffa’ (died 142/759) is quoted by ibn Al-Nadim in his famous Al-Fihrist as stating that Azerbaijan, Nahavand, Rayy, Hamadan and Esfahan speak Fahlavi (Pahlavi) and collectively constitute

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