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57-409: The tricolour flag and cockerel, traditional symbols of France were used as inspiration for the design. Made by Adidas , it was the first multi-coloured ball to be used in the tournament's final stage and was also the final World Cup ball to bear the classic Tango design, introduced in the 1978 tournament . The design of blue triads decorated with cockerel motifs was adopted to represent the colours of

114-490: A fierce and bitter business rivalry after the split. The town of Herzogenaurach was divided on the issue, leading to the nickname "the town of bent necks"—people looked down to see which shoes strangers wore. Even the town's two football clubs were divided: ASV Herzogenaurach club was supported by Adidas, while 1 FC Herzogenaurach endorsed Rudolf's footwear. When handymen were called to Rudolf's home, they would deliberately wear Adidas shoes. Rudolf would tell them to go to

171-470: A maximum diameter nearly equal to the diameter of the threads of the spike. Needles also have a sharp point, but a thinner cone diameter. Track spikes create traction by penetrating the track surface. Some tracks do not allow pin spikes and limit the length of pyramid spikes to minimize damage to the track. A variation for synthetic tracks is the Christmas Tree spike. It uses a terraced cone shape with

228-489: A previous model of heavy metal spikes to attempting to utilize canvas and rubber. He carved them by hand and were eventually worn during the 1936 Olympics by Jesse Owens. People began to take notice, and Owens inherently helped popularize Dassler's design. Track spikes continued to gain notable recognition when Emil Zátopek , a distance runner from Czech Republic, wore them during the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki. The front of

285-520: A previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber. In 1936, Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his hand made spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . Following Owens' four gold medals, the name and reputation of Dassler shoes became known to the world's sportsmen and their trainers. Business was successful and the Dasslers were selling 200,000 pairs of shoes every year before World War II . Both Dassler brothers joined

342-408: A previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber. Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949, following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers, Adolf created Adidas and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas's business rival. The three stripes are Adidas's identity mark, having been used on

399-402: A relatively steep taper for sprinting and a cushioned heel for landings. Cross country spikes usually have no more than six spike points and are similar to distance spikes in many respects. However, given the wide range of terrain encountered off-track, cross country spikes have a more durable rubber sole and supportive mid-foot to provide a level of cushioning and stabilization not required on

456-547: A share purchase agreement. The total purchase price was US$ 25 million in cash at closing. By the end of 2012, Adidas was reporting their highest revenues ever and Chief Executive Herbert Hainer expressed optimism for the year ahead. Adidas now has global corporate headquarters in Herzogenaurach , Germany and many other business locations around the world such as London , Portland , Toronto , Tokyo , Australia , Taiwan and Spain . In January 2015, Adidas launched

513-689: A sharp point. Track spikes had become popular in England by the 1860s, but the concept of spikes in shoes to give running traction has been around much longer. As written in the 1852 publication of Calmet's Dictionary of the Holy Bible regarding military arms at the time of Paul the Apostle (c. 5 – c. 67): "Having the feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace;" not iron, not steel; but patient investigation, calm inquiry; assiduous, laborious, lasting; if not, rather, with firm footing in

570-475: A shoe sales representative to Germany and met Adolf Dassler's descendants (Amelia Randall Dassler and Bella Beck Dassler) and was sent back with a few items to promote the company there. In 1992, unable to pay the loan interest, Tapie mandated the Crédit Lyonnais bank to sell Adidas, and the bank subsequently converted the outstanding debt owed into equity of the enterprise, which was unusual as per

627-453: A softer, more durable sole, particularly through the heel region. Although still "glove-like," the fit for distance spikes is generally slightly looser than for sprint spikes, given the longer race duration. Middle distance spikes are a hybrid of a sprint shoe and a distance shoe, featuring an intermediate level of taper, spike plate rigidity, cushioning and support. Certain middle distance spikes are also popular among hurdlers because they have

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684-673: A team Tapie had owned until 1993. Tapie filed for personal bankruptcy in 1994. He was the object of several lawsuits, notably related to match fixing at the football club. During 1997, he served 6 months of an 18-month prison sentence in La Santé prison in Paris. In February 2000, Crédit Lyonnais sold Adidas to Louis-Dreyfus for a much higher amount of money than Tapie owed, 4.485 billion (€683.514 million) francs rather than 2.85 billion (€434.479 million). In 1994, combined with FIFA Youth Group, SOS Children's Villages became

741-430: A track. Depending on race length, surface types and personal preference, cross country spikes may be abandoned in favor of racing flats . Shoes for field events and specialty events vary widely depending upon the specific requirements of each event. For example, long jump shoes are most similar to sprint spikes to provide good top speed, high jump shoes have flat bottoms and heel spikes to allow energy transfer through

798-411: A two-stripe motif similar to Adidas's three stripes . The court ruled that despite the simplicity of the mark, Fitness World ' s use was infringing because the public could establish a link between that use and Adidas's mark. In September 2004, English fashion designer Stella McCartney launched a joint-venture line with Adidas, establishing a long-term partnership with the corporation. This line

855-429: A type of footwear featuring protruding spikes on the soles used by athletes when racing on the track. Some spikes are designed for longer-term training on tracks, but generally the shoes are used for racing. The term "spikes" can also refer to track shoes featuring such protrusions, though these are technically called pins . Spikes are similar to studs , which are used for team sports, although generally smaller and with

912-537: Is a German athletic apparel and footwear corporation headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany. It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world, after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which also owns an 8.33% stake of the football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company. Adidas's revenue for 2018

969-455: Is a sports performance collection for women called "Adidas by Stella McCartney". On 3 May 2005, Adidas informed the public that they had sold their partner company Salomon Group for €485 million to Amer Sports of Finland. In August 2005, Adidas declared its intention to buy Reebok for $ 3.8 billion (US$ ). This takeover was completed with partnership in January 2006 and meant that

1026-559: The 1952 Summer Olympics , 1500 metres runner Josy Barthel of Luxembourg won Puma's first Olympic gold in Helsinki , Finland. At the 1960 Summer Olympics , Puma paid German sprinter Armin Hary to wear Pumas in the 100 meter sprint final. Hary had worn Adidas before and asked Adolf for payment, but Adidas rejected this request. The German won gold in Pumas, but then laced up Adidas for

1083-585: The 2014 World Cup was the first World Cup ball named by the fans. In 2022, for the 14th time in a row, Adidas created the 2022 World Cup ball, Al Rihla. Adidas is one of the official sponsors of the UEFA Champions League , and the Adidas Finale is the competition's official match ball. Along with the aforementioned Adidas Predator boot, Adidas manufactures the adiPure range of football boots. Adidas named an official match ball of

1140-479: The New York Yankees . Adidas's Superstar and Pro Model shoes, affectionately known as "shelltoes" for their stylized hard rubber toe box, were fueled by, among others, coaches such as UCLA 's John Wooden . Adidas drew about even with Converse in basketball by the mid-1970s before both started to fall behind then-upstart Nike in the early 1980s. Subsequently, Adidas Superstar became very popular in

1197-739: The UEFA Euro 2016 tournament the Adidas Beau Jeu which translates to " The Beautiful Game " in English. Adidas provides clothing and equipment for all teams in Major League Soccer . Adidas has also provided baseball equipment and sponsors numerous players of Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan. Adidas Baseball hardgoods are licensed to Dick's Sporting Goods. From 1997 to 2008, Adidas sponsored

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1254-591: The flag of France . Tricolore was also the first Adidas World Cup match ball manufactured outside of Europe (made in Pakistan , Morocco & Indonesia ) since the 1970 Adidas Telstar . "Tricolore" means "three-colored" in French. More than twenty roughs had been proposed by the Adidas design team before the definitive version was approved. The aim was to amalgamate symbols of the French culture and heritage, adopting

1311-553: The " Teamgeist ", were particularly noteworthy for their ability to travel further than previous types when struck, leading to longer range goals. Goalkeepers were generally believed to be less comfortable with the design of the ball, claiming it was prone to move significantly and unpredictably in flight. Adidas introduced the Jabulani for the 2010 World Cup . The ball was designed and developed by Loughborough University in conjunction with Bayern München . The Adidas Brazuca for

1368-570: The 1980s hip hop streetwear scene alongside Adidas's stripe-sided polyester suits. From 2006 to 2017, Adidas was the uniform supplier of all the 30 teams in the National Basketball Association , replacing the Reebok brand after Adidas's acquisition of Reebok. Adidas was replaced by Nike as the official uniform supplier of the league after the 2016–17 season. Track spikes Track spikes , or just spikes , are

1425-538: The Dassler brothers' shoes. The brothers split up in 1947 after relations between them had broken down, with Adolf forming a company registered as Adidas AG, from Adi Dassler , on 18 August 1949, and Rudolf forming a new firm that he called Ruda – from Rudolf Dassler , later rebranded Puma . Urban myths have popularised two false backronyms for the name "Adidas": All Day I Dream About Sports and All Day I Dream About Sex . Adidas and Puma SE entered into

1482-793: The Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) in May 1933 and became members of the National Socialist Motor Corps . Adolf took the rank of Sportwart in the Hitler Youth from 1935 until the end of the war. During the war, the company was running the last sport shoe factory in Germany and predominantly supplied the Wehrmacht with shoes. In 1943, their shoe production was forced to cease operations and the company's facilities and workforce

1539-563: The Oscar winning film Chariots of Fire ) in the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris . In 1934, American football player and coach Pop Warner recommended them for running events in his widely distributed book, "Pop" Warner's book for boys. Additionally, Adolf Dassler, the founder of Adidas, assisted in the development of track spikes for multiple events. In an effort to enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear, he transitioned from

1596-467: The accolade of the best selling boot of all time. The soft-ground equivalent was named World Cup and it too remains on the market. Since 1970, FIFA , the world governing body of football, has commissioned specially designed footballs for use in its own World Cup tournaments. The Adidas Telstar was the first ball commissioned for the World Cup in 1970. The balls supplied for the 2006 World Cup ,

1653-531: The associated equipment. Adidas remains a major company in the global supply of team kits for international association football teams and clubs. Adidas makes referee kits that are used in international competition and by many countries and leagues in the world. The company has been an innovator in the area of footwear for the sport, with notable examples including the 1979 release of the Copa Mundial moulded boot used for matches on firm dry pitches. It holds

1710-417: The athlete if worn for extended periods of time outside of competition. Injury may occur when walking in a leisurely fashion, as the athlete is not on his or her toes, which is the manner in which the shoes were meant to be worn. There is considerable variation among track shoes depending on their intended use within the sport of track and field . Sprint spikes generally have a very stiff spike plate with

1767-478: The basement and pick out a pair of free Pumas. The two brothers never reconciled and although they are now buried in the same cemetery, they are spaced as far apart as possible. In 1948, the first football match after World War II , several members of the West Germany national football team wore Puma boots, including the scorer of West Germany's first post-war goal, Herbert Burdenski . Four years later, at

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1824-493: The business, which became "Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory" ( Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ). The electricity supply in Herzogenaurach was unreliable, so the brothers sometimes had to use pedal power from a stationary bicycle to run their equipment. Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes (spikes) for multiple athletic events. To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear, he transitioned from

1881-697: The colors used in the French Revolution . The Gallic rooster and the TGV were some of the symbols chosen to represent the French identity on the ball. Adidas Tango Argentina , that was built using the same technology of Adidas Tricolore, was used as official match ball of Argentine Primera División until 2003–04 Argentine Primera División . This association football article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Adidas Adidas AG ( German pronunciation: [ˈʔadiˌdas] ; stylized in all lowercase since 1949)

1938-593: The company had business sales closer to those of Nike in North America. The acquisition of Reebok also allowed Adidas to compete with Nike worldwide as the number two athletic shoemaker in the world. In 2005, Adidas introduced the Adidas 1 , the first ever production shoe to use a microprocessor . Dubbed by the company "The World's First Intelligent Shoe", it features a microprocessor capable of performing 5 million calculations per second that automatically adjusts

1995-399: The company was bought in 1990 by French industrialist Bernard Tapie , for ₣ 1.6 billion (now €243.9 million), which Tapie borrowed. Tapie was at the time a famous specialist of rescuing bankrupt companies, an expertise on which he built his fortune. Tapie decided to move production offshore to Asia. He also hired Madonna for promotion. He sent, from Christchurch , New Zealand,

2052-518: The company's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid. The branding, which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports for the equivalent of €1,600 and two bottles of whiskey, became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as "The three stripes company". The company was founded by Adolf "Adi" Dassler who made sports shoes in his mother's scullery or laundry room in Herzogenaurach , Germany after his return from World War I . In July 1924, his older brother Rudolf joined

2109-516: The entire foot, and steeplechase shoes are predominantly a water-resistant mesh for exceptional ventilation. While shoes for shot put , discus and hammer throw have flat rubber soles with no spikes, they may still occasionally be referred to as "track spikes." Notable spike manufacturers include Adidas , Asics , Brooks , Mizuno , New Balance , Nike , Puma AG , Reebok and Saucony . While most spikes are between 3 ⁄ 16 inch (4.8 mm) and 1 ⁄ 2 inch (13 mm) long,

2166-553: The equivalent of €1600. The Trefoil logo was designed in 1971 and launched in 1972, just in time for the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich . This logo lasted until 1997, when the company introduced the "three bars" logo (that had been designed by then Creative Director Peter Moore), initially used on the Equipment range of products. After a period of trouble following the death of Adolf Dassler's son Horst Dassler in 1987,

2223-580: The financial year ending December 31): Adidas manufactures a range of clothing items, varying from men's and women's t-shirts , jackets , hoodies , pants and leggings . The first Adidas item of apparel was the Franz Beckenbauer tracksuit created in 1967. Adidas AG is the largest manufacturer of sports bras in Europe, and the second largest manufacturer in the world. One of the main focuses of Adidas has always been football kits , and

2280-425: The footwear industry's first reservation mobile app. The Adidas Confirmed app allows consumers to get access to and reserve the brand's limited edition sneakers by using geo targeting technology. On 24 March 2015, Adidas and McDonald's unveiled the 2015 McDonald's All-American uniforms. For the third year in a row, players will be wearing short-sleeved jerseys, made with the same lightweight and breathable material as

2337-436: The gospel of peace. Whether the apostle here means stout, well-tanned leather, leather well prepared, by his "preparation of the gospel of peace" or shoes which had spikes in them, which, running into the ground, gave a steadfastness to the soldier who wore them, may come under remark hereafter. We shall only add, that Moses seems, at least according to our rendering, to have some allusion to shoes, either plated, or spiked, on

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2394-419: The greatest number of spike wells. The taper is highest and most rigid in sprint spikes, maximizing the efficiency of energy transfer with each stride. Very little heel support is needed because sprinters spend most or all of their time on their toes. Sprint spikes may have a zip-up cover instead of or in addition to laces to improve aerodynamics. Sprint spikes should fit tightly but they should not be too tight to

2451-623: The main beneficiary. In 1997, Adidas AG acquired the Salomon Group who specialized in ski wear, and its official corporate name was changed to Adidas-Salomon AG. With this acquisition Adidas also acquired the TaylorMade golf company and Maxfli , which allowed them to compete with Nike Golf. In 1998, Adidas sued the NCAA over their rules limiting the size and number of commercial logos on team uniforms and team clothing. Adidas withdrew

2508-456: The medals ceremony, to the shock of the two Dassler brothers. Hary hoped to cash in from both, but Adi was so enraged he banned the Olympic champion. The "Pelé Pact" was the most notable event in the Dassler brothers feud, when both owners of Adidas and Puma agreed not to sign a sponsorship deal with Pelé for the 1970 FIFA World Cup , feeling that a bidding war for the most famous athlete in

2565-406: The most common is 1 ⁄ 4 inch (6.4 mm). Additionally, there are various specialty lengths, as well as minimal "blank" spikes (also called studs) used to cover a spike well. Spikes are generally metal or ceramic and come in three main types: the pyramid, the needle (pin), and the compression tier (Christmas tree). Pyramids are conical spikes that taper to a sharp point. They normally have

2622-424: The official NBA clothing provider. The company has been making NBA , NBDL , and WNBA jerseys and products as well as team-coloured versions of the "Superstar" basketball shoe. This deal (worth over $ 400 million) took over the previous Reebok deal that had been put in place in 2001 for 10 years. In November 2011, Adidas announced that it would acquire outdoor action sport performance brand Five Ten through

2679-635: The ones used in the NBA. In August 2015, Adidas acquired fitness technology firm Runtastic for approximately $ 240 million. In May 2017, Adidas sold TaylorMade golf company (including Ashworth ) to KPS Capital Partners for $ 425 million. In March 2022, Adidas sold Reebok to the Authentic Brands Group , for ca. $ 2.5 billion. In August 2022, the company announced that CEO Kasper Rørsted would step down in 2023. Bjørn Gulden became CEO in January 2023. The key trends for Adidas are (as at

2736-489: The point that the runners toes are cramping and they should not be too loose that will result in the runner losing power and speed. They should fit tighter than regular athletic shoes yet still comfortable enough to perform in. Distance shoes have a more flexible spike plate with less taper and fewer spikes. Because of the longer race distances, support through the mid-foot and heel is as important as efficiency with distance spikes. This means that distance spikes generally have

2793-413: The prevalent French banking practice. The state-owned bank had tried to get Tapie out of dire financial straits as a personal favour to Tapie, it is reported, because Tapie was Minister of Urban Affairs ( ministre de la Ville ) in the French government at the time. Robert Louis-Dreyfus , a friend of Tapie, became the new CEO of the company in 1994. He was also the president of Olympique de Marseille ,

2850-417: The shoe's level of cushioning to suit its environment. The shoe requires a small, user-replaceable battery that lasts for approximately 100 hours of running. On 25 November 2005, Adidas released a new version of the Adidas 1 with an increased range of cushioning, allowing the shoe to become softer or firmer, and a new motor with 153 percent more torque. In April 2006, Adidas announced an 11-year deal to become

2907-543: The sole features a rigid or semi-rigid spike plate containing between 3 and 9 threaded holes called spike wells. Spikes can be screwed into each well using a spike wrench . Recently, some individuals have attempted to add a "through hole" at the bottom of the spike to make them easier to tighten, remove, and install. Some shoes have permanent or "fixed" spikes which are not meant to be removed. Spikes may break during competition. Track shoes are exceptionally light, some shoes weighing less than five ounces (140 grams) each, half

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2964-535: The sole, when he says, ( Deut. xxxiii. 25. ) "Thy shoes shall be iron and brass; and as thy days shall thy strength be." For pioneering the use of spikes, J.W. Foster and Sons 's revolutionary running pumps appear in the book, Golden Kicks: The Shoes that changed Sport . The company began distributing shoes across the United Kingdom and were worn by British athletes. They were made famous by 100m Olympic champion Harold Abrahams (who would be immortalized in

3021-414: The suit, and the two groups established guidelines as to what three-stripe designs would be considered uses of the Adidas trademark. As CEO of Adidas, Louis-Dreyfus quadrupled revenue to €5.84 billion ($ 7.5 billion) from 1993 through 2000. In 2000, he announced he would resign the following year, due to illness. In 2003, Adidas filed a lawsuit in a British court challenging Fitness World Trading's use of

3078-405: The weight of many standard running shoes. In most track shoes, the toe region bends up to allow space for protruding spikes and to encourage athletes to run on their toes. This upward angle, known as "taper," varies widely depending on the intended use of the shoe, and the taper angle can be rigid or flexible. Shoes with a large taper are said to be "aggressive." This shoe design may cause harm to

3135-458: The world would become too expensive, only for Puma to break the pact and sign him. Many business experts credit the brothers' rivalry and competition for transforming sports apparel into a multi-billion pound industry. In 1952, following the 1952 Summer Olympics , Adidas acquired its signature 3-stripe logo from the Finnish athletic footwear brand Karhu Sports , for two bottles of whiskey and

3192-406: Was listed at €21.915 billion. The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother's house. He was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ("Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory"). Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events. To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear, he transitioned from

3249-547: Was used to manufacture anti-tank weapons . From 1942 to 1945, at least nine forced labourers were working at both sites of the company. The Dassler factory, used for production of anti-tank weapons during World War II, was nearly destroyed in 1945 by US forces. It was spared when Adolf Dassler's wife convinced the American soldiers that the company and its employees were only interested in manufacturing sports shoes. American occupying forces subsequently became major buyers of

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