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102-868: The borough of Aegidienberg encompasses the parts of Bad Honnef located east of the Honnef urban forest , in other words east of the Siebengebirge. In geographic terms, the area forms part of the Asbach plateau  [ de ] in the foothills of the Niederwesterwald. The various parts of the borough are distributed across hills which all lie within the broader boundary of the Siebengebirge Nature Park . The Siebengebirge itself, with its peaks up to 400 metres (1,300 ft) in height, separates Aegidienberg from Bad Honnef proper, which

204-555: A patron saint of livestock. A 1506 charter, von wegen der bergischen Pastoreyen , mentions a priest called "Hermannus" whose church was located where the Chapel of St. Servatius now stands, near Himberg. According to the Erkundigungsbuch des Fürstentums Berg , "Gilienberg" had the status of a separate parish since the introduction of the new Jülich-Berg court system in 1555. Under this new arrangement, Aegidienberg lost

306-437: A 4.9% increase in property valuation when located just one kilometer closer to a forest. Another source claims this increase can range as high as 20%. The reduction of air, light, and noise pollution provided by forests is cause for the notable pricing differentials. Urban forests offer many benefits to their surrounding communities. Removing pollutants and greenhouse gases from the air is one key reason why cities are adopting

408-718: A building in the Aegidiusplatz in the centre of the village which also houses a branch office of the Bad Honnef town administration, a citizens' advice bureau and a reporting station of the Bonn Police. In addition to five kindergartens or daycare centres in various parts of the district—two in the village of Aegidienberg, two in Höhe and one in Orscheid—;there is a town Grundschule (primary school),

510-663: A building supplies centre, several discount shops and filling stations. The Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line for the Intercity-Express (ICE), which opened late in 2002, runs through the district parallel to the A3, with three tunnels and two bridges, including from north to south the Logebach Valley bridge (the northern part of which, like the motorway bridge, is in Königswinter), 173 metres (568 ft);

612-552: A city; a study of neighborhoods in Los Angeles found higher levels of bird diversity in historically richer sections of town, and larger populations of synanthropic birds in historically poorer sections of town. The economic benefits of trees and various other plants have been understood for a long time. Recently, more of these benefits are becoming quantified. Quantification of the economic benefits of trees helps justify public and private expenditures to maintain them. One of

714-474: A day. In 1888, Himberg became the first part of the district to have its own contract post office. At the beginning of 1901, droshkies were introduced for passenger service, and beginning in 1909 were replaced with post buses , which ran three to four times a day between Aegidienberg and Königswinter via Honnef. For this purpose, a so-called automobile society was founded in Aegidienberg, which took over

816-578: A friary for the Franciscan Sisters of St. Joseph  [ de ] of Valkenburg aan de Geul . After its dedication in 1926, the sisters performed various charitable works in the area, including operating a children's home and training girls in domestic skills. Starting in 1937, the construction of the Reichsautobahn (now the A3, Bundesautobahn 3 ) changed the face of the environment considerably. The surveying and construction of

918-564: A junior line of the dynasty of the Ezzonen , which traced its roots back to the 9th-century Kingdom of Lotharingia , and in the 11th century became the most powerful dynasty in the region of the lower Rhine. In 1160, the territory split into two portions, one of them later becoming the County of the Mark , which returned to the possession of the family line in the 16th century. The most powerful of

1020-425: A large number of residences and businesses resulted. In Aegidienberg, the fighting was over on 1 April, Easter Sunday. In Orscheid, Wülscheid and Rottbitze, fighting continued for several more days, with the military situation changing several times. Traces of the fighting are still to be seen in the area. There are many craters in the surrounding woods made by U.S. shells of all calibres, plus at Wülscheid one made by

1122-666: A magnet. That afternoon, carpet bombing of the main part of the settlement by the U.S. Air Force was averted at the last moment through negotiations, and approximately 150 German soldiers surrendered, while others decided to fight on. After its occupation by American forces on 17 March, Aegidienberg was then subjected by German artillery to several days of so-called and intended "destruction fire". Panzer Brigade 106 "Feldherrnhalle" and scattered elements of other units were dug in at Orscheid and Wülscheid and shelled every population centre between Brüngsberg and Rottbitze. Severe damage and in some cases total destruction of all public buildings and

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1224-644: A number of times but never carried out. Both of the quarries in Aegidienberg ceased operation around the 1960s and today the water-filled pits are used for swimming and other recreation, like many other quarries in the region. Beginning in 1806, as part of the Amt Löwenburg, Aegidienberg belonged to the Napoleonic Grand Duchy of Berg . At the end of 1808, new administrative structures modelled on those of France were introduced: cantons and mairies ( town halls ). The parish of Aegidienberg

1326-696: A personal union. As a result of this union the dukes of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg controlled much of present-day North Rhine-Westphalia , with the exception of the clerical states of the Archbishop of Cologne and of the Bishop of Münster . William the Rich was the second duke of the united Julich-Cleves-Berg. He introduced the Gregorian Calendar into the duchies. However,

1428-615: A special territory surrounding the provisional capital of the Federal Republic of Germany which was under the control of the Allied High Commission . In 1955, the then district road opened connecting Aegidienberg and Ittenbach, and in the same year a new chapel of St. Mary was dedicated at the foot of the Dachsberg. On 4 February 1961, the new local Protestant church was dedicated; since then it has been called

1530-408: Is a growing understanding of the importance of the natural ecology in urban forests. There are numerous projects underway aimed at restoration and preservation of ecosystems, ranging from simple elimination of leaf-raking and elimination of invasive plants to full-blown reintroduction of original species and riparian ecosystems. Some sources claim that the largest man-made urban forest in the world

1632-633: Is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away in the Rhine Valley . Aegidienberg is located at an average altitude approximately 200 metres (660 ft) above Bad Honnef. The two are linked by Landesstraße 144 through the 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long Schmelz Valley. Within Aegidienberg are two small lakes, Lake Himberg ( Himberger See ) in the West and Lake Dachsberg ( Dachsberger See ) in the East. Both are former basalt quarries, which were worked until after

1734-537: Is bordered to the north-west by Ittenbach and to the north and north-east by the Oberhau, both sections of the city of Königswinter ; and to the east and south by Windhagen and Rheinbreitbach, both of which are in Rhineland-Palatinate . A 948 charter of Archbishop Wichfrid  [ de ] of Cologne established the territorial boundaries of the priory of Oberpleis and included within it what

1836-476: Is called urban forestry . Urban forests can be privately and publicly owned. Some municipal forests may be located outside of the town or city to which they belong. Urban forests play an important role in ecology of human habitats in many ways. Aside from the beautification of the urban environment, they offer many benefits like impacting climate and the economy while providing shelter to wildlife and recreational area for city dwellers. In many countries there

1938-530: Is in Siegburg , the administrative centre of the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis . The Schmelztalstraße (Schmelz Valley Road, Landesstraße 144) connects Aegidienberg to the lowland portion of Bad Honnef. A large amount of the traffic on this road is through traffic to the A3. Landesstraße 143, which begins on the border of the district below Rottbitze, connects Aegidienberg with Oberpleis, to the north. It crosses

2040-528: Is located in Johannesburg in South Africa . The city is located in the highveld , a grassland biome typically lacking large numbers of trees, yet Johannesburg is still a very densely wooded city with reportedly 10 million artificially introduced trees and is rated as the city with the eighth highest tree coverage in the world. Rio de Janeiro is also home to two of the vastest urban forests in

2142-485: Is now the district of Aegidienberg. These boundaries have persisted to the present day as town boundaries and to the South and East, district and state boundaries. There is no information for that time about habitation; it is thought that there were isolated farms and charcoal-making operations in the area. Settlement by people from Bad Honnefer, implied by the first recorded placename in the area, Hunferode , can only refer to

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2244-535: Is still quarried in the immediate area of Aegidienberg. The basalt quarries on the Dachsberg and the Himberg had railway connections to the Bröl Valley Railway ( Bröltalbahn ), which had a wide-ranging network extending as far as Asbach , Beuel , Siegburg and Waldbröl . The quarry operators underwrote the branch lines they used for transporting the basalt. Connecting to a passenger line was discussed

2346-551: Is today Landesstraße 247. On 10 January 1898, on a suggestion from Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen , approximately 50 residents founded the Aegidienberger Spar- und Darlehenskassenverein (Aegidienberg Savings and Loan Association). This cooperative made it possible to extend the water supply beginning in 1902, and from 1908 gave support to the Automobilgesellschaft (automobile association), whose aim

2448-653: The Auelgau  [ de ] exercised secular overlordship in the area. They were succeeded by the Counts Palatine of the Rhine . After the construction of Löwenburg  [ de ] castle in the second half of the 12th century, the area came under its control and from 1484 to 1808 formed part of the Amt Löwenburg , a fief of the County of Berg . The first recorded mention, which may refer only to

2550-464: The Chicago region determined that trees removed approximately 17 tonnes of carbon monoxide (CO), 93 tonnes of sulfur dioxide (SO2), 98 tonnes of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and 210 tonnes of ozone (O 3 ) in 1991. Urban forest managers are sometimes interested in the amount of carbon removed from the air and stored in their forest as wood in relation to the amount of carbon dioxide released into

2652-724: The French revolutionary wars separated the two duchies of Jülich and Berg, and in 1803 Berg separated from the other Bavarian territories and came under the rule of a junior branch of the Wittelsbachs . In 1806, in the reorganization of the German lands occasioned by the end of the Holy Roman Empire , Berg became the Grand Duchy of Berg , under the rule of Napoleon's brother-in-law, Joachim Murat . Murat's arms combined

2754-681: The Friedenskirche (Peace Church). The TTV-Aegidienberg sports club was founded soon after the end of the war, but disbanded in 1952 for financial reasons. Early in 1958, the Fußballverein Sportfreunde Aegidienberg 1958 was launched, which now has other sports sections in addition to several football teams and is the largest club in Aegidienberg. In 1967, Aegidienberg had 3,504 residents, of whom 225 were employed in agriculture and forestry, 519 in manufacturing and 351 in services. 564 commuted out of

2856-582: The Salic laws of the Holy Roman Empire caused the properties to pass to the husband of the female heir (women could not hold property except through a husband or a guardian). With the death of her father in 1511 the Dukes of Jülich-Berg became extinct, and the estate thus came under the rule of John III, Duke of Cleves — along with his personal territories, the County of the Mark and the Duchy of Cleves ( Kleve ) in

2958-441: The urban heat island effect in urban areas. This reduction of temperature not only lowers energy use, it also improves air quality, as the formation of ozone is dependent on temperature. Trees reduce temperature not only by directly shading: when there is a large number of trees it create a difference in temperatures between the area when they are located and the neighbor area. This creates a difference in atmospheric pressure between

3060-573: The 15th century at the latest, the people of Aegidienberg were required to grind all their corn at the Quirrenbach mill, which was located within the parish. Ores of various base metals were being mined in the Siebengebirge area as early as the Middle Ages, primarily for the production of copper , zinc and lead . In addition to the work in the mines themselves, their constant need for charcoal led to there being many charcoal producers in

3162-445: The A3 between Hövel and Brüngsberg on a stone bridge built in 1938, the so-called Westerwälder Tor . This is one of the few remaining stone bridges from the construction of the Reichsautobahn system, and is an artistic landmark. The district has its own brand of beer, Jillienberger, from the local dialect version of Aegidienberg , Jillienberch or Jillienberg . There is also a breed of horse called Aegidienberger ; they are bred by

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3264-543: The A3 in Hövel on 18 August 1988 with the death of an 18-year-old woman. Since 2009 a memorial has marked the spot. Aegidienberg initially belonged to the rural section of the Königswinter postal division; in 1854 it was transferred to the Honnef division. The first post box was installed the same year, at the school. After the completion in 1859 of the provincial road between Honnef and Flammersfeld (now Landesstraße 144),

3366-651: The Aegidienberg tunnel under the central section of the district, 1,240 metres (0.77 mi); the Kochenbach Valley bridge, 150 metres (490 ft); and the Rottbitze Tunnel under the motorway exit, 990 metres (3,250 ft). The section of track crossing the hillside fields of the Kluse farm was originally laid on the surface but later lowered into a tunnel or hard-floored cutting 200 metres (660 ft) long. The closest ICE station, Siegburg/Bonn ,

3468-530: The Bürgermeisterei of Königswinter-Land, which existed until 1969, being renamed Amt Königswinter-Land in 1927. The municipality of Aegidienberg, (until 1888 also spelt Egidienberg or Ägidienberg ; thereafter Ägidienberg was officially recommended, and the only accepted alternate was the present spelling, Aegidienberg ) consisted in 1885 of 13 settlements with 366 residences (including uninhabited residences) and 327 households. The settlements were:

3570-539: The Catskill/Delaware watershed. New Yorkers today enjoy some of the healthiest drinking water in the world. The USDA Guide notes on page 17 that "Businesses flourish, people linger and shop longer, apartments and office space rent quicker, tenants stay longer, property values increase, new business and industry is attracted" by trees. Urban forests have been linked to an increase in property value surrounding residents. An empirical study from Finland showed

3672-574: The County of Berg in 1348, and in 1380 the Emperor Wenceslaus elevated the counts of Berg to the rank of dukes, thus originating the Duchy of Jülich-Berg. In 1509, John III, Duke of Cleves , made a strategic marriage to Maria von Geldern , daughter of William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg , who became heiress to her father's estates: Jülich , Berg and the County of Ravensberg , which under

3774-595: The Dachsberg (360.7 metres (1,183 ft))—the last being the highest point in the district. The main village of Aegidienberg, on the eponymous hill, is at 287 metres (942 ft) altitude. Within the district are two contiguous forest areas, the Aegidienberg Forest ( Aegidienberger Wald ) to the East and the Vogelsbitze to the West of the A3 autobahn . At the eastern extremity of the district, part of

3876-504: The Eudenbach gliding area and nature reserve lies within Aegidienberg. The District of Aegidienberg includes 13 localities: Aegidienberg (Kirchdorf), Brüngsberg, Efferoth, Himberg, Höhe, Hövel, Neichen, Orscheid, Retscheid, Rottbitze, Siefenhoven, Wintersberg and Wülscheid. The Rottlandhof farm is within the municipality of Rheinbreitbach , but portions of it lie within the territory of Aegidienberg and thus of Bad Honnefer. The district

3978-637: The Grand Duke of Berg; French bureaucrats administered the territory in the name of the child. The Grand Duchy's short existence came to an end with Napoleon's defeat in 1813 and the peace settlements that followed. In 1815, after the Congress of Vienna , Berg became part of a province of the Kingdom of Prussia : the Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg . In 1822 this province united with the Grand Duchy of

4080-567: The Himberg; since 2010 it has had artificial turf . Urban forest An urban forest is a forest , or a collection of trees, that grow within a city , town or a suburb . In a wider sense, it may include any kind of woody plant vegetation growing in and around human settlements. As opposed to a forest park, whose ecosystems are also inherited from wilderness leftovers, urban forests often lack amenities like public bathrooms, paved paths, or sometimes clear borders which are distinct features of parks. Care and management of urban forests

4182-471: The Honnef parish was responsible. The municipality had a total area of 1,896 hectares (4,690 acres), 690 hectares (1,700 acres) was arable land , 171 hectares (420 acres) pasture and 925 hectares (2,290 acres) woodland. Around 1855, a road was built connecting Aegidienberg to Honnef (today Landesstraße 144); this was extended to Flammersfeld by way of Asbach , and later to Altenkirchen . In 1862, roads were built to Wülscheid and Orscheid connecting to what

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4284-678: The Lower Rhine to form the Rhine Province . – in union with Ravensberg – – in union with Ravensberg (except 1404–1437) and after 1423 in union with the duchy of Jülich – – from 1521 a part of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg – – in union with Jülich und Palatinate-Neuburg , from 1690 also with the Electorate of the Palatinate , from 1777 also with Bavaria – The historic coat of arms of Berg shows

4386-597: The Neuburg line inherited the Electorate and generally made Düsseldorf its capital. Elector Charles III Philipp disliked Düsseldorf, because the estates there did not want to grant the funds he demanded. As such, he moved his capital from Düsseldorf to Mannheim , where it remained until the Elector Palatine, Charles Theodore , inherited the Electorate of Bavaria in 1777. The French occupation (1794–1801) and annexation (1801) of Jülich (French: Juliers) during

4488-672: The Rhineland to Prussia, and the Bürgermeisterei of Königswinter then became a conventional Prussian local government entity within the newly formed District ( Kreis ) of Siegburg (renamed Sieg  [ de ] in 1825). From 1822 on, this was part of the Prussian Rhine Province . On 1 July 1846, Aegidienberg acquired a local council, replacing the district administration made up of lay judges. Honnef (in 1862) and Königswinter (in 1889) subsequently acquired their own town councils, leaving Aegidienberg and Ittenbach in

4590-768: The Second World War. Two streams which are sources of the Pleisbach, the Logebach and the Quirrenbach, rise in the area and run through it. The Kochenbach is a tributary of the Quirrenbach. Amongst the hills within the district of Aegidienberg are the Himberg (335.2 metres (1,100 ft)), the Hupperichsberg (307.6 metres (1,009 ft)), the Markhövel (also called the Romert; 304.3 metres (998 ft)) and

4692-519: The Siebengebirge, the Löwenburg, Lohrberg, and Großer Ölberg . On the middle one of these is superimposed the red and silver checked arms of the Amt Löwenburg, to whose governmental and judicial sphere Aegidienberg belonged for as long as it was in existence. Above that the symbol of Aegidienberg, the Romanesque tower of St. Aegidius' church, is depicted in silver on a red ground. The coat of arms

4794-652: The Theodor-Weinz-Schule, in Aegidienberg. Plans to establish a comprehensive school for the entire mountain area of the Siebengebirge have so far been unsuccessful. The Catholic and Protestant parishes also each maintain a public library, and the Catholics offer one kindergarten (certified as a family centre) and the Protestants two. Aegidienberg has a sports centre in Rottbitze, on the south side of

4896-528: The United States have also taken initiative investing in their urban forests to improve the well-being and economies of their communities. Some notable cities among them are Austin , Atlanta , New York , Seattle , and Washington, D.C. New York, for example, has taken initiative to combat climate change by planting millions of trees around the city. In Austin, private companies are funding tree-planting campaigns for environmental and energy-saving purposes. Urban forests play an important role in benefitting

4998-424: The air. The most serious pollutants in the urban atmosphere are ozone, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfuric oxides (SOx) and particulate pollution. Ground-level ozone, or smog, is created by chemical reactions between NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. High temperatures increase the rate of this reaction. Vehicle emissions (especially diesel), and emissions from industrial facilities are

5100-404: The area. After the Americans had crossed the Rhine at Remagen on 7 March 1945, Aegidienberg came under heavy American artillery fire on the following days. German forces had dug in here and in turn were heavily shelling the area around Remagen. On 13 March, especially, numerous soldiers died on both sides. Unusually, a short cease-fire was agreed so that the dead could be recovered. On 16 March

5202-655: The atmosphere as water vapor, all with a relatively small footprint. Trees in urban forests provide food and shelter for wildlife in cities. Birds and small mammals use trees as nesting sites, and reptiles use the shade they provide to keep cool in the hot summer months. Furthermore, trees provide shade necessary for shrubbery. Not only do urban forests protect land animals and plants, they also sustain fish and water animals that need shade and lower temperatures to survive. Wealthier neighborhoods often have more tree cover (both community-subsidized and on private property) which results in an accumulation of benefits on those sections of

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5304-447: The atmosphere while running tree maintenance equipment powered by fossil fuels. In addition to the uptake of harmful gases, trees act as filters intercepting airborne particles and reducing the amount of harmful particulate matter. The particles are captured by the surface area of the tree and its foliage. These particles temporarily rest on the surface of the tree, as they can be washed off by rainwater, blown off by high winds, or fall to

5406-408: The atmosphere. Leaf stomata , the pores on the leaf surface, take in polluting gases which are then absorbed by water inside the leaf. Some species of trees are more susceptible to the uptake of pollution, which can negatively affect plant growth. Ideally, trees should be selected that take in higher quantities of polluting gases and are resistant to the negative effects they can cause. A study across

5508-873: The bulk of hydrocarbon emissions come from tailpipe exhaust, 16% of hydrocarbon emissions are from evaporative emissions that occur when the fuel delivery systems of parked vehicles are heated. These evaporative emissions and the exhaust emissions of the first few minutes of engine operation are sensitive to local microclimate. If cars are shaded in parking lots, evaporative emissions from fuel and volatilized plastics will be greatly reduced. The volatile components of asphalt pavement evaporate more slowly in shaded parking lots and streets. The shade not only reduces emissions, but reduces shrinking and cracking so that maintenance intervals can be lengthened. Less maintenance means less hot asphalt (fumes) and less heavy equipment (exhaust). The same principle applies to asphalt-based roofing. Trees also reduce pollution by actively removing it from

5610-404: The centre of Aegidienberg came under heavy fire and 11 civilians died in the ruins of the convent. The nuns had been denied permission to hoist a white flag with a red cross in order to protect themselves and the approximately 60 children and refugees who were with them there. In addition, there was still a radio vehicle located as a command post in the monastery courtyard, which drew enemy fire like

5712-447: The church bells were melted down for the armaments industry. In November 1923, violent armed confrontations which claimed some lives took place especially in Himberg and Hövel between separatists of the Rhenish Republic and those who opposed them. A monument in Hövel and graves in the cemetery commemorate the Siebengebirge insurrection , which is also known as the Battle of Aegidienberg. Beginning in 1925, local craft workshops built

5814-410: The city. The forest is filled with many animals freely roaming around. It also has an important cultural site of ancient history situated in it known as the Kanheri caves . Nebraska National Forest is the largest man-made forest in the United States located in the state of Nebraska. It lies in several counties within the state and is a popular destination for campers year-round. Several cities within

5916-409: The coat of arms for the former municipality of Aegidienberg was suggested in the early 1960s by Franz Hermann Kemp, a teacher and local history expert living in Selhof  [ de ] , another district of Bad Honnef. It was finally realised in conformity with the rules of heraldry by Konrad Schaefer, a graphic designer in Euskirchen . At the bottom, the coat of arms shows three green peaks in

6018-405: The community a place to gather and live a more active lifestyle. Living near urban forests have shown positive impacts on mental health. As an experimental mental health intervention in the city of Philadelphia , trash was removed from vacant lots, some of them being selectively "greened" by plantings trees, grass, and installing small fences. Residents near the "greened" lots who had incomes below

6120-522: The community their speciality, Rievkooche ( Reibekuchen - potato pancakes ), which to this day are an indispensable part of any public event. The inhabitants shared rights to the woodland of the "Honnefer Mark" between Aegidienberg and Bad Honnef, now called the Honnef urban forest, including among other things the rights to let their pigs forage for mast , to gather wood for fuel and fencing, and to use fallen twigs for animal bedding. Woodland farmers had sticks available to them for their animals, but only

6222-538: The district and 54 into it. Four industrial enterprises employed 163 people. Public accommodations consisted of: a school , a sports ground, a kindergarten and a library. Under the Bonn Law  [ de ] of 10 June 1969, Aegidienberg became part of Bad Honnef on 1 August 1969. Previously, there had been proposals to combine Aegidienberg with the mountain districts of Ittenbach, Heisterbacherrott, Oberpleis and Stieldorf. It retains its former municipal borders. The Gladbeck hostage crisis came to its violent end on

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6324-433: The district from north-west to south-east for 5,240 metres (3.26 mi). North of Aegidienberg, it crosses the Logebach on a bridge 160 metres (170 yd) long, half of which lies within the Ittenbach district of Königswinter . In the eastern part of Aegidienberg is the Bad Honnef/Linz motorway exit, which forms the basis of the district's good traffic infrastructure. Especially in the village of Rottbitze, it has led since

6426-412: The duchies. The Elector of Brandenburg , Frederick Wilhelm , still claimed the Duchy of Berg, and declared war, claiming to be the defender of protestants in Berg. This led to the Düsseldorf Cow War . In the following years however, tension over Berg between Neuburg and Brandenburg greatly decreased. Upon the extinction of the senior Wittelsbach dynasty ruling the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1685,

6528-405: The early rulers of Berg, Engelbert II of Berg died in an assassination on November 7, 1225. In 1280 the counts moved their court from Schloss Burg on the Wupper river to the town of Düsseldorf . Count Adolf VIII of Berg fought on the winning side in the Battle of Worringen against Guelders in 1288. The power of Berg grew further in the 14th century. The County of Jülich united with

6630-401: The environmental conditions of their respective cities. They moderate local climate, slowing wind and stormwater, and filter air and sunlight. They are critical in cooling the urban heat island effect, thus potentially reducing the number of unhealthful ozone days that plague major cities in peak summer months. As cities struggle to comply with air quality standards, trees can help to clean

6732-406: The explosion when a German munitions cart was blown up on 10 March 1945 during the retreat. In the first years after the war, robberies occurred in the area that caused several deaths and have never been explained. Not until the early 1950s were all the war dead identified and disposed of in a dignified manner. The American dead were transported back to the United States. The remainder were buried in

6834-496: The first four-lane motorway in the area took place over several years before the segment through Aegidienberg opened in September 1939. The work included excavations and embankments up to 20 metres (66 ft) in depth and height, and the construction of a seven-arched bridge across a valley and three underpasses. Loss of land to the motorway rendered many local farms no longer profitable, in addition to which many landowners were left with small and scattered holdings. Land consolidation

6936-484: The following year passenger postal service in post coaches was instituted on the segment between Asbach and Honnef via Aegidienberg. This was the first direct connection between Aegidienberg and the Rhine Valley. Initially the coaches stopped at inns in Himberg and Rottbitze. In 1870, as a result of the opening of the railway on the right bank of the Rhine, this passenger service was restricted to Asbach - Honnef, no longer continuing from Honnef to Königswinter, and ran twice

7038-415: The forests which moderate the humid climate and provide sources of recreation for urban dwellers. Along with seven other smaller full protection conservation units in the city, they form an extensive natural area that contains the Transcarioca Trail , a 180-km footpath. Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Mumbai , Maharashtra , India is also an example of an urban forest. It covers roughly around 20% area of

7140-419: The ground with a dropped leaf. Although trees are only a temporary host to particulate matter, if they did not exist, the temporarily housed particulate matter would remain airborne and harmful to humans. Increased tree cover will increase the amount of particulate matter intercepted from the air. Urban forests and trees help purify water sources by slowing down rain as it falls to the earth and help it soak into

7242-455: The independent court with seven lay judges which it had previously had, instead sending two judges to the newly formed court at Honnef (from 1745 on, only one). By the mid-18th century at the latest, eight local jurisdictions (known in the Rhineland as Honschaften ) had developed, which lasted until the dissolution of the Duchy of Berg in 1806: Brüngsberg, Himberg, Höhe, Hövel, Orscheid, Retscheid, Siefenhoven and Wülscheid. The inhabitants worked

7344-659: The local Feldmann stud farm . Like the Icelandic horse , the Aegidienberger is a gaited horse . Despite incorporation into Bad Honnef, Aegidienberg has retained a certain independence; it is recognised in the latest North Rhine-Westphalian district law as having a special status within the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, and for that reason the village of Aegidienberg has a 15-member district committee empowered to take decisions concerning purely local matters. This meets in

7446-746: The major sources of NOx. Vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, trees and other plants are the major sources of VOCs. Particulate pollution, or particulate matter (PM10 and PM25), is made up of microscopic solids or liquid droplets that can be inhaled and retained in lung tissue causing serious health problems. Most particulate pollution begins as smoke or diesel soot and can cause serious health risk to people with heart and lung diseases and irritation to healthy citizens. Trees are an important, cost-effective solution to reducing pollution and improving air quality. With an extensive and healthy urban forest air quality can be drastically improved. Trees help to lower air temperatures and

7548-747: The most obvious examples of economic utility is the example of the deciduous tree planted on the south and west of a building (in the Northern Hemisphere), or north and east (in the Southern Hemisphere). The shade shelters and cools the building during the summer, but allows the sun to warm it in the winter after the leaves fall. The physical effects of trees—the shade (solar regulation), humidity control, wind control, erosion control, evaporative cooling, sound and visual screening, traffic control, pollution absorption and precipitation—all have economic benefits. Urban forests contribute to

7650-534: The new ducal dynasty also became extinct in 1609, when the last duke died insane. This led to a lengthy dispute over succession to the various territories before the partition of 1614 : the Count Palatine of Neuburg , who had converted to Catholicism, annexed Jülich and Berg; while Cleves and Mark fell to John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg , who subsequently also became Duke of Prussia . Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg , became duke. He

7752-470: The nobility had the right to cut timber. Furthermore, Aegidienberg had fixed obligations under the tithe system of the Amt Löwenburg: 120, later 200, malters of oats had to be paid to various officials. The residents also had to cut the wood for the Löwenburg gallows , which stood in the area of what is now Lohfelder Straße in Honnef, maintain it, and mow the grass at the castle farm. By the end of

7854-426: The poor clayey soil of Aegidienberg either as smallholders or as tenant farmers. Before the invention of artificial fertilisers , the fields were good for almost nothing except the cultivation of barley and oats , which were the staple foods of the local people in the Middle Ages. Livestock cultivation was later added, and at the beginning of the modern age, the local diet was enriched with potatoes , which gave

7956-672: The positive results to be realized. In addition to providing economic benefits at the community level, trees also benefit individual homeowners. A tree on a home's landscape or around the house can increase the dollar value received for the home upon sale. According to one study, a tree planted in the front yard can increase a home's sale price by $ 7,130 and raise the sale prices of surrounding homes. Healthy urban forests also correlate with higher incomes. In communities that have thriving urban forests, there are higher incomes, higher numbers of jobs associated with those communities, and higher productivity of workers. Berg (state) Berg

8058-435: The poverty line reported a 68% decrease in feelings of depression, while residents with incomes above the poverty line reported a decrease of 41%. The Biophilia hypothesis argues that people are instinctively drawn to nature, while Attention Restoration Theory goes on to demonstrate tangible improvements in medical, academic and other outcomes, from access to nature. Proper planning and community involvement are important for

8160-408: The practice. Removing pollutants from the air, urban forests can lower risks of asthma and lung cancer . Communities that rely on well-water may also see a positive change in water purity due to filtration. The amenities provided by the city of each urban forest varies. Some amenities include trails and pathways for walking or running, picnic tables, and bathrooms. These healthy spaces provide for

8262-576: The red lion of Berg with the arms of the duchy of Cleves . The anchor and the batons came to the party due to Murat's positions as Grand Admiral and as Marshal of the Empire . As the husband of Napoleon's sister Caroline Bonaparte , Murat also had the right to use the imperial eagle. In 1809, one year after Murat's promotion from Grand Duke of Berg to King of Naples , Napoleon's young nephew, Prince Napoleon Louis Bonaparte (1804–1831, elder son of Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte , King of Holland) became

8364-487: The reduction of energy demand would reduce power plant CO 2 emissions by 9 million tons per year. The stormwater retention provided by urban forests can provide monetary savings even in arid regions where water is expensive or watering conservation is enforced. One example of this can be seen in a study carried out over 40 years in Tucson , AZ, which analyzed the savings of stormwater management costs. Over this period, it

8466-559: The reduction of energy usage and CO 2 emissions primarily through the indirect effects of an efficient forestry implementation. The shade provided by trees reduces the need for heating and cooling throughout the year. As a result, energy conservation is achieved which leads to a reduction of CO 2 emissions by power plants. Computer models indicate that annual energy consumption can be reduced by 30 billion kWh using 100 million trees in U.S. urban areas. This energy consumption decrease equates to monetary savings of $ 2 billion. Additionally,

8568-586: The region. A copper mine called Gotteshilfe was located in Neichen, and in Brüngsberg there were mines called Flora , Anrep-Zachäus and Emma-Sofie , where zinc and copper ores were mined until early in 1906. The heaps of tailings from the mines can still be seen on the slope of the Logebach valley. With declining prices for the metals, the mines in the Siebengebirge area gradually closed down. Basalt

8670-481: The soil, thereby naturally filtering out pollutants that can potentially enter water supply sources. They reduce storm water runoff and mitigate flood damage, protecting the surrounding rivers and lakes. Trees also help alleviate the load on "grey" infrastructure (such as sewers and drains) via evapotranspiration . Trees are ideally suited as their canopies can intercept water (and provide dense vegetation), whilst their roots can pump substantial amounts of water back into

8772-605: The soldiers' cemetery at Ittenbach. Approximately 40 of the dead could not be identified. War damage to buildings was temporarily repaired. The school was only reopened, with the permission of the Allied occupation authorities, in 1946. The Catholic church was repaired in stages which lasted into the 1960s. Large amounts of unexploded ordnance in the area constituted a serious danger to life for many years, and there were occasional accidents resulting in injury and death. The land consolidation project which had become urgently needed in 1937

8874-624: The transport service until 1920. From 1921 on, it was provided by the national postal service, the Reichspost . In the 1920s and 1930s, the route changed several times, with the bus sometimes running between Aegidienberg and Rheinbreitbach. When service resumed in 1945 after the Second World War, it ran between Honnef and Aegidienberg; in December 1948 it was extended to Windhagen and in 1950 again to Asbach. The village of Aegidienberg itself only received its own postal annexe in 1953. The design of

8976-523: The two areas, which creates wind. This phenomenon is called urban breeze cycle if the forest is near the city and park breeze cycle if the forest is in the city. That wind helps to lower temperature in the city. Temperature reduction from shade trees in parking lots lowers the amount of evaporative emissions from parked cars. Unshaded parking lots can be viewed as miniature heat islands, where temperatures can be even higher than surrounding areas. Tree canopies will reduce air temperatures significantly. Although

9078-546: The village of Aegidienberg, later known as an der Kirche (at the church), is dated 6 January 1345 and is of Hunferode . This is followed by a mention of Hunferoyde dated 5 January 1349. The name Aegidienberg is presumed to have displaced this name since the 16th century. St. Giles , known in Germany as Aegidius, was venerated beginning at the end of the Middle Ages as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and as

9180-424: The village of Ägidienberg (97 inhabitants), Brüngsberg (135), Efferoth (13), Himberg (162), Höhe (47), Hövel (285), Neichen (60), Orscheid (203), Retscheid (44), Rottbitze (97), Siefenhoven (108), Wintersberg (22) and Wüllscheid (255). There were a total of 1,528 inhabitants, of whom 751 were male and 777 female. The independent Catholic parish had 1,523 members, and there were in addition five Protestants , for whom

9282-520: The villages of Himberg, Hövel and Siefenhoven, at the bottom of the Schmelz Valley. In view of the marginal agricultural value of the loamy soil, the origins of the inhabited areas in the remainder of today's Aegidienberg, particularly in the East, probably lie in settlement via the valley of the Pleisbach or the roads through the hills. Until the extinction of the line around 970, the Counts of

9384-491: The war bonds. The longer the war lasted, the more urgent was the need for raw materials. Children, especially, were required to collect these: paper, glass, tin foil , and also large quantities of foliage to feed the warhorses. Leaves were plucked from the trees and sent either fresh or dried to the collection point at Siegburg. They were dried in every possible place in homes. Copper fittings and every imaginable household object were requisitioned in numerous metal collections; even

9486-587: The world, one of which is considered by some sources to be the largest one. Tijuca Forest is the most famous. It began as a restoration policy in 1844 to conserve the natural remnants of forest and replant in areas previously cleared for sugar and coffee. Despite the worldwide recognition of Tijuca Forest, another forest in the same city encompasses roughly three times the size of its more prominent neighbor: Pedra Branca State Park occupies 12,500 hectares (30,888 acres) of city land, against Tijuca's 3,953 hectares (9,768 acres). The larger metropolitan area encircles

9588-578: The year 2000 to extensive commercial and industrial development on the Vogelsbitze/Zilzkreuz commercial estate (approximately 14,000 square metres (3.5 acres)), to the south of what was already present on the Heideweg. An additional commercial estate on the Dachsberg was inaugurated in 2009; the first project was inaugurated there in early 2013. In addition, by 2005 a second commercial area had developed in Rottbitze with, among other services,

9690-576: Was "approved" by the district council in its 44th session on 4 November 1963 and certified by the Interior Minister of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia on 16 July 1965. It is still used by local organisations. Aegidienberg grew rapidly after the Second World War. About half of the population growth in Bad Honnef after 1969 has occurred in Aegidienberg. The following table shows the number of residents on various dates: The A3 autobahn crosses

9792-478: Was a member of the powerful House of Wittelsbach , which ruled Bavaria and the Electoral Palatinate . During his reign, Düsseldorf served as his center of court on occasion. During the 30 Years' War, even though there were no significant battles around Berg, the territories still had to deal with the stresses of war. At the end of the 30 Years' War, Wolfgang Wilhelm tried to spread Catholicism in

9894-483: Was a state—originally a county, later a duchy —in the Rhineland of Germany . Its capital was Düsseldorf . It existed as a distinct political entity from the early 12th to the 19th centuries. It was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire . The name of the county lives on in the modern geographic term Bergisches Land , often misunderstood as bergiges Land (hilly country). The Counts of Berg emerged in 1101 as

9996-459: Was assigned to the Mairie and Canton of Königswinter together with Honnef, Königswinter and Ittenbach; however, this only became fully functional early in 1809. Beginning in December 1813, the mairie became a Bürgermeisterei , the equivalent German term, in the provisional Generalgouvernement of Berg  [ de ] under the Kingdom of Prussia . The Congress of Vienna in 1815 assigned

10098-484: Was begun but could not be completed because of World War II . The Nazis employed approximately 600 Soviet prisoners of war as forced laborers in the local basalt quarries. As the war drew to a close, shortly before the arrival of the advancing U.S. forces, these people were rounded up in the Giershausen hall and transported further into the interior of Germany. At the end of the war, fierce fighting took place in

10200-442: Was calculated that $ 600,000 in stormwater treatment costs were saved. It was also observed that the net water consumption was reduced when comparing the water required for irrigation against power plant water consumption due to the effects of urban forests on energy usage. In another instance, New York City leaders in the late 1990s chose to pursue a natural landscape management instead of an expensive water treatment system to clean

10302-482: Was resumed in 1948 and completed in 1953. Approximately 13,000 agricultural parcels were consolidated to approximately 1,600, consisting of 2,345 hectares (5,790 acres) of arable cropland, grassland, woodland, water, roads and farmsteads, in the district of Aegidienberg and small parts of Oberpleis. From July 1949 to July 1950, the part of Aegidienberg west of the autobahn was part of the Bonn enclave  [ de ] ,

10404-605: Was to create a bus connection with Bad Honnef and Königswinter. On Whitsunday , 12 July 1905, a large fire in Orscheid, caused by children who were presumably playing, destroyed 13 buildings. In 1912 the first gymnastics club, Germania , was founded. When the First World War began in 1914, many men were called up for military service , including all the teachers. Many events were held to promote war bonds. The loan association lost reserves totalling 13,000  RM to

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