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82-439: Aegospotami is plural, which suggests that the name may have referred to multiple rivers. As is often the case, interpretation of geography described by ancient sources has difficulties, not the least of which is evolution of the terrain, and the river or rivers have been identified with both the modern Karakova Dere and Büyük Dere ("Big Creek", now called Münipbey Deresi). Körpe and Yavuz concurred with both Bommelaer and Strauss that

164-484: A Helsinki to Tallinn Tunnel . The gulf has heavy ferry traffic, and the port of Helsinki has the largest number of international passengers of any port in Europe, and most travel to Tallinn or back. Finland and Estonia share close linguistic, cultural, economic and historical ties and proponents of what they call " Talsinki " (a portmanteau of the names of the two capitals) point to the Øresund region as an example of

246-537: A commercial and military point of view, and remains strategically important today. It is a major sea access route for numerous countries, including Russia and Ukraine . Control over it has been an objective of a number of hostilities in modern history, notably the attack of the Allied Powers on the Dardanelles during the 1915 Battle of Gallipoli in the course of World War I . The ancient city of Troy

328-620: A commercial and military waterway. In more recent years, the Turkish Straits have become particularly important for the oil industry. Russian oil, from ports such as Novorossyisk , is exported by tankers primarily to western Europe and the U.S. via the Bosporus and the Dardanelles straits. The Dardanelles were closed in late February 2022 to all foreign warships at the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in accordance with

410-519: A cross-national metropolitan area linked by an underwater bridge-tunnel. A combination of a Finland to Estonia and a Finland to Sweden fixed link would reduce the need for ferries on the route the MS Estonia was on when it sank in 1994 causing a loss of 852 lives, the biggest peacetime maritime disaster in the Baltic. The Strait of Messina has a busy ferry traffic. The Strait of Messina Bridge

492-459: A detour of up to 600 km. Since 1995, the Ōita and Ehime prefectures have been jointly conducting research into the technical feasibility of bridges over the Hōyo Strait and conducting basic research into natural and social conditions, and in 1998, in the "Hoyo Kaikyo Bridge Survey Report" it was concluded that the bridge would be technically feasible. The bridge proposed in the report uses

574-572: A fixed link was cited in some media reports as contributing to the cession. The Bridge of the Horns is a proposed construction project to build a bridge between the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen across the Bab-el-Mandeb , the strait between the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden . There are no ferry services on this route as of 2018. Saudi Arabia considers to develop a 440 km tunnel across

656-452: A location in Çanakkale Province , Turkey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Dardanelles The Dardanelles ( / ˌ d ɑːr d ə ˈ n ɛ l z / DAR -də- NELZ ; Turkish : Çanakkale Boğazı , lit.   'Strait of Çanakkale'; Greek : Δαρδανέλλια , romanized :  Dardanéllia ), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli (after

738-539: A maximum depth of 103 metres (338 ft) at its narrowest point abreast the city of Çanakkale . The first fixed crossing across the Dardanelles opened in 2022 with the completion of the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge . Most of the northern shores of the strait along the Gallipoli peninsula ( Turkish : Gelibolu ) are sparsely settled, while the southern shores along the Troad peninsula ( Turkish : Biga ) are inhabited by

820-523: A maximum depth of 103 metres (338 ft) at its narrowest point at Nara Burnu , abreast Çanakkale . There are two major currents through the strait: a surface current flows from the Black Sea towards the Aegean Sea, and a more saline undercurrent flows in the opposite direction. The Dardanelles is unique in many respects. The very narrow and winding shape of the strait is more akin to that of

902-466: A project of underwater tunnel that will link Palau (in Sardinia ) with the island of La Maddalena , crossing a 3 km stretch of sea. During April's Fool, was suggested an underwater tunnel between Santa Teresa (Sardinia) and Bonifacio (Corsica). Other April's fool jokes involucrate a Bridge between both islands. However, there were proposals of linking Mainland Italy, Elba and Capraia to

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984-629: A proposed Sunda Strait Bridge and from Sumatra to Singapore and/or Malaysia via the Malacca Strait Bridge . While its construction has not yet started, but the completion date of the bridge is set to August 2025. The Guangdong–Hainan Ferry, or the Yuehai Ferry (part of the Guangdong–Hainan Railway ) is a vehicle and train ferry connecting Hainan Island to Guangdong in mainland China . The ferries run across

1066-667: A proposed undersea road and railway tunnel, will connect Şişli and Beykoz districts. The Çanakkale 1915 Bridge opened in 2022, crossing the strait between the cities of Gelibolu and Lapseki . The Mubarak Peace Bridge , also known as the Egyptian-Japanese Friendship Bridge, Al Salam Bridge, or Al Salam Peace Bridge, is a road bridge crossing the Suez Canal at El-Qantara, whose name means "the bridge" in Egyptian Arabic . The bridge links

1148-450: A rail link from Japan to Russia and the mainland of Asia. The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge links Hong Kong and Macau , and Zhuhai in China . Opened on October 24, 2018, it is the longest fixed crossing in the world. Shikoku and Kyushu are the only adjacent major Japanese islands not directly connected by a fixed link. Road travel between the two is possible only via Honshu ,

1230-506: A railway and highway bridge over the Adriatic sea to connect Italy and Croatia , from Ancona to Zadar following a 120 km route. The idea was presented by the Roman architect Giorgio De Romanis, and also called for the creation of a special company "Il ponte sull'Adriatico Srl". The bridge would be suspended above the sea at a height of between 30 and 70 meters, and would also allow

1312-559: A river. It is considered one of the most hazardous, crowded, difficult and potentially dangerous waterways in the world. The currents produced by the tidal action in the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara are such that ships under sail must wait at anchorage for the right conditions before entering the Dardanelles. As part of the only passage between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the Dardanelles has always been of great importance from

1394-728: A village of the Gelibolu district, on the European side. It is part of planned expansions to the Turkish National Highway Network. Work on the bridge began in March 2017, and it was opened on March 18, 2022. 2 submarine cable systems transmitting electric power at 400 kV bridge the Dardanelles to feed west and east of Istanbul. They have their own landing stations in Lapseki and Sütlüce. The first, situated in

1476-587: Is a list of proposed and actual transport links between continents and to offshore islands. See also list of bridge–tunnels for another list of fixed links including links across rivers, bays and lakes. In 1890 William Gilpin first proposed to connect all the continents by land via the Cosmopolitan Railway . Significant elements of that proposal, such as the English Channel Tunnel , have been constructed since that era. However,

1558-553: Is a proposal to build the Kvarken Bridge , a series of bridges, the longest 26 km (16 mi), in total 40 km (25 mi). None of these proposals have been seriously investigated. Ferry services link Finland to Estonia as well as overground rail and road routes via Saint Petersburg in Russia. Rail Baltica is a proposal for a rail link from Finland to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, bypassing Russia via

1640-582: Is an 8.2-km bridge-tunnel fixed link that connects the South Korean city of Busan to Geoje Island . The " Korea Japan Friendship Tunnel System " is a proposal for a fixed link from the city of Fukuoka on Kyūshū , Japan, to the port city of Busan in Korea via four islands. The maximum ocean depth in this area is 146 m (479 ft). Similar proposals have been discussed for decades by Korean and Japanese politicians. A road bridge links Kyūshū to

1722-738: Is an abbreviation of Strait of the Dardanelles . During Ottoman times there was a castle on each side of the strait. These castles together were called the Dardanelles , probably named after Dardanus , an ancient city on the Asian shore of the strait which in turn was said to take its name from Dardanus , the mythical son of Zeus and Electra . The name comes from the Dardani in the Balkans, according to Papazoglu. The ancient Greek name Ἑλλήσποντος ( Hellēspontos ) means "Sea of Helle", and

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1804-656: Is planned , but the construction date has been postponed several times. There is a project to link Elba with mainland Italy (through Piombino in Tuscany ) crossing the Piombino Channel in a Road Tunnel of 16 km. The feasibility project was launched by the Cacelli Partners Ltd of Riccardo Cacelli, in collaboration with the Adu London studio of the architect David Ulivagnoli. There's

1886-469: Is then said to have thrown fetters into the strait, given it three hundred lashes with multiple whips and branded it with red-hot irons as the soldiers shouted at the water. Herodotus commented that this was a "highly presumptuous way to address the Hellespont" but in no way atypical of Xerxes. (vii.35) Harpalus the engineer is said to have eventually helped the invading armies to cross by lashing

1968-755: Is under consideration to link the electricity networks of these countries. Mainland Peninsular Malaysia is linked to Penang Island by two road bridges: the Penang Bridge and the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge). To the south, it is linked to Singapore Island across the Straits of Johor by the Johor–Singapore Causeway and the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link ;

2050-650: The Athenian fleet, ending the Peloponnesian War . The ancient Greek township of the same name, whose existence is attested by coins of the 5th and 4th centuries, and the river itself were located in ancient Thrace in the Chersonese . According to ancient sources including Pliny the Elder and Aristotle , in 467 BC a large meteorite landed near Aegospotami. It was described as brown in colour and

2132-1053: The Balkans , the Near East , and Western Eurasia , and specifically connects the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara . The Marmara further connects to the Black Sea via the Bosporus , while the Aegean further links to the Mediterranean . Thus, the Dardanelles allows maritime connections from the Black Sea all the way to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean via Gibraltar, and the Indian Ocean through

2214-515: The Bosporus , the Dardanelles forms the Turkish Straits . One of the world's narrowest straits used for international navigation , the Dardanelles connects the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean seas while also allowing passage to the Black Sea by extension via the Bosporus. The Dardanelles is 61 kilometres (38 mi) long and 1.2 to 6 kilometres (0.75 to 3.73 mi) wide. It has an average depth of 55 metres (180 ft) with

2296-694: The Bosporus Water Tunnel , was constructed in 2012 to transfer water from the Melen Creek in Düzce Province (to the east of the Bosporus strait, in northwestern Anatolia ) to the European side of Istanbul, a distance of 185 km (115 mi). The Eurasia Tunnel is a road tunnel between Kazlicesme and Goztepe , which began construction in February 2011 and opened to traffic on 21 December 2016. The Great Istanbul Tunnel ,

2378-726: The Dardanelles Operation — blockaded the straits in 1807. In 1833, following the Ottoman Empire 's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 , Russia pressured the Ottomans to sign the Treaty of Hunkiar Iskelesi —which required the closing of the straits to warships of non-Black Sea powers at Russia's request. That would have effectively given Russia a free hand in the Black Sea. This treaty alarmed

2460-673: The G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway . First proposed in 1996, the project has since been subject to a number of academic discussions and feasibility studies, including by the China Railway Engineering Corporation . There exist cross strait ferries, both within outlying islands of Taiwan and between the PRC and Taiwan. The political status of Taiwan complicates any such proposal. The Korean government considered building underwater tunnels with China,

2542-658: The Gallipoli peninsula) and in Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont ( / ˈ h ɛ l ɪ s p ɒ n t / HEL -isp-ont ; Classical Greek : Ἑλλήσποντος , romanized:  Hellḗspontos , lit.   'Sea of Helle '), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. Together with

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2624-496: The Montreux Convention . The waters of the Dardanelles are traversed by numerous passenger and vehicular ferries daily, as well as recreational and fishing boats ranging from dinghies to yachts owned by both public and private entities. The strait also experiences significant amounts of commercial shipping traffic. The Çanakkale 1915 Bridge joins Lapseki , a district of Çanakkale, on the Asian side and Sütlüce ,

2706-683: The Ottoman Empire , who were concerned that the consequences of potential Russian expansionism in the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions could conflict with their own possessions and economic interest in the region. At the London Straits Convention in July 1841, the United Kingdom , France , Austria , and Prussia pressured Russia to agree that only Turkish warships could traverse the Dardanelles in peacetime. The United Kingdom and France subsequently sent their fleets through

2788-671: The Qiongzhou Strait , between Zhanjiang , Guangdong and Haikou , Hainan . A road-rail bridge has been proposed. Bohai Strait tunnel project is a proposed connection that would connect the Chinese cities of Yantai and Dalian across the Bohai Strait . The Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project is a proposed undersea tunnel to connect Pingtan in the People's Republic of China to Hsinchu in northern Taiwan as part of

2870-589: The Red Sea to link its industrial city of Jazan with Massawa 's port in Eritrea . It had the support of Pakistan and the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative . The Palk Strait bridge proposal between India to Sri Lanka . India Boat Mail train and ferry service provided a train and ferry service from India to Sri Lanka until the First World War . An India–Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection

2952-519: The Riau archipelago of Indonesia , most likely with the island of Batam . Both projects would link Indonesia (specifically Sumatra and Java islands) to Mainland Asia. Passenger and vehicle ferries link the various islands of Indonesia , the Philippines , Singapore , Malaysia , and Papua New Guinea . There are proposals to link Java , the most populated Island of Indonesia , to Sumatra via

3034-468: The Suez Canal , making it a crucial international waterway, in particular for the passage of goods coming in from Russia . The strait is located at approximately 40°13′N 26°26′E  /  40.217°N 26.433°E  / 40.217; 26.433 . The strait is 61 kilometres (38 mi) long, and 1.2 to 6 kilometres (0.7 to 3.7 mi) wide, averaging 55 metres (180 ft) deep with

3116-563: The Trans-European Motorway . Construction of a third suspension bridge, the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge , began on May 29, 2013; it was opened to traffic on August 26, 2016. The bridge was built near the northern end of the Bosporus, between the villages of Garipçe on the European side and Poyrazköy on the Asian side. It is part of the "Northern Marmara Motorway", which will be further integrated with

3198-506: The Øresund region . Ferry services link Sweden to Finland via Åland . There are proposals of fixed links between Sweden and Finland. A tunnel could be built between Sweden and Åland, about 50 km (30 mi) long, and 100–200 m (330–660 ft) deep, with the lowest depth around Märket , a little detour. The area between Åland and Finland is shallow with many islands, able to be connected with bridges - some of which already exist. Between Umeå and Vaasa further north, there

3280-427: The 160 km (99 mi) shorter route with a ferry over the Fehmarn Belt southwestwards towards Hamburg or southwards to Rostock . The Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link is planned to be opened in 2029. A Gedser-Rostock Bridge is also under consideration but has been put back as the Fehmarn Belt crossing is now under construction. Proposals also exist for a fixed link from Rügen to southern Sweden, linking Berlin and

3362-408: The Bosphorus. The first of these, the Bosphorus Bridge , is 1,074 m (3,524 ft) long and was completed in 1973. The second, named Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Bosporus II) Bridge , is 1,090 m (3,576 ft) long, and was completed in 1988 about 5 km (3 mi) north of the first bridge. The Bosphorus Bridge forms part of the O1 Motorway , while the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge forms part of

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3444-445: The Dardanelles officials 6 follis. Cilician sea-merchants have to pay 3 follis and in addition to that, 1 keration (12 follis) to enter, and 2 keration to exit. – All wheat merchants have to pay the officials 3 follis per modius, and a further sum of 3 follis when leaving. Since the 14th century the Dardanelles have almost continuously been controlled by the Turks. The Dardanelles continued to constitute an important waterway during

3526-430: The Gallipoli peninsula, and the British cabinet ordered its withdrawal in December 1915, after eight months' fighting. Total Allied deaths included 41,000 British and Irish, 15,000 French, 8,700 Australians, 2,700 New Zealanders, 1,370 Indians and 49 Newfoundlanders. Total Turkish deaths were around 60,000. Following the war, the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres demilitarized the strait and made it an international territory under

3608-435: The Mediterranean, named MedNautilus and landing at Athens , Sicily and elsewhere. Fixed crossing A fixed link or fixed crossing is a permanent, unbroken road or rail connection across water that uses some combination of bridges, tunnels, and causeways and does not involve intermittent connections such as drawbridges or ferries . A bridge–tunnel combination is commonly used for major fixed links. This

3690-458: The Russian invasion of Ukraine, the bridge has been attacked or damaged on three occasions: 8 October 2022 , 17 July 2023 and 12 August 2023. As of August 2023, the bridge reopened at a limited capacity. The Øresund Bridge links southern Sweden to the Danish island of Zealand . Zealand is linked to the Danish mainland and the rest of Europe by the Great Belt Fixed Link . Most travellers between Sweden and Germany, both by road and train use

3772-433: The South Korean provinces of South Jeolla and Jeju across the Jeju Strait , with intermediate stops at the islands of Bogildo and Chujado . The total length of the proposed railway is 167 km, including a 66 km surface interval from Mokpo to Haenam, a 28 km bridge section from Haenam to Bogil Island, and a 73 km stretch from Bogil to Chuja and Jeju Islands. The Busan–Geoje Fixed Link (or Geoga Bridge)

3854-414: The channel for vehicles. A road tunnel was proposed in 1979, but not considered viable. Construction of the Channel Tunnel started in 1988 and the tunnel opened in 1994. Automobiles and lorries / transport trucks are loaded onto the Eurotunnel Shuttle 's enclosed railway cars (similar to auto rack / motorail railway cars) for the trip through the tunnel. A service road tunnel runs the entire length of

3936-454: The city of Çanakkale's urban population of 110,000. The contemporary Turkish name Çanakkale Boğazı , meaning ' Çanakkale Strait', is derived from the eponymous midsize city that adjoins the strait, itself meaning 'pottery fort'—from چاناق ( çanak , 'pottery') + قلعه ( kale , 'fortress')—in reference to the area's famous pottery and ceramic wares, and the landmark Ottoman fortress of Sultaniye. The English name Dardanelles

4018-401: The continents of Africa and Asia. The Saudi–Egypt Causeway is a proposal for a causeway and bridge between the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt and the northern part of Saudi Arabia . This would provide a direct road route between Egypt and Saudi Arabia without going through Israel or Jordan. A causeway faces considerable political hurdles as the disruption of Israeli shipping access to the Red Sea

4100-412: The control of the League of Nations . The Ottoman Empire's non-ethnically Turkish territories were broken up and partitioned among the Allied Powers, and Turkish jurisdiction over the straits curbed. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire following a lengthy campaign by Turks as part of the Turkish War of Independence against both the Allied Powers and the Ottoman court, the Republic of Turkey

4182-433: The crossing, but is closed to general use and used only during emergencies and for maintenance. Cyclists – both amateur and professional – have crossed the channel via the tunnel on special occasions. There have been proposals at various times for a second channel tunnel of some kind. Various ferry services link Ireland to Britain and France. A number of options for an Irish Sea fixed crossing have been proposed over

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4264-503: The customs office of the Dardanelles. Translation: ... Whoever dares to violate these regulations shall no longer be regarded as a friend, and he shall be punished. Besides, the administrator of the Dardanelles must have the right to receive 50 golden Litrons, so that these rules, which we make out of piety, shall never ever be violated... ... The distinguished governor and major of the capital, who already has both hands full of things to do, has turned to our lofty piety in order to reorganize

4346-412: The depth of the Strait of Gibraltar (up to 900 metres (3,000 ft)) and the length of the tunnel making it a great challenge to remove vehicle exhaust. Similar considerations led to the Channel Tunnel linking the UK and France not being a highway tunnel. There have also been proposals for a bridge over the strait, although ship traffic would complicate this solution. Car ferries currently operate across

4428-436: The entry and exit of all ships through the Dardanelles... ... Starting from our day and also in the future, anybody who wants to pass through the Dardanelles must pay the following: – All wine merchants who bring wine to the capital (Constantinopolis), except Cilicians , have to pay the Dardanelles officials 6 follis and 2 sextarius of wine. – In the same manner, all merchants of olive-oil, vegetables and lard must pay

4510-437: The existing Black Sea Coastal Highway, and will allow transit traffic to bypass city traffic. The Marmaray project, featuring a 13.7 km (8.5 mi) long undersea railway tunnel , opened on 29 October 2013. Approximately 1,400 m (4,593 ft) of the tunnel runs under the strait, at a depth of about 55 m (180 ft). An undersea water supply tunnel with a length of 5,551 m (18,212 ft), named

4592-425: The former also carries Malaysia's West Coast Line to the island. There are proposals to link Johor (in Malaysia ) and Riau (in Indonesia ), in a Malacca Strait Bridge or underwater tunnel crossing Strait of Malacca and some islands. The longest connection is a 17.5 kilometer. The total length is between 39 and 40 kilometers. There's also a proposal of a Singapore Strait crossing linking Singapore with

4674-404: The hypothetical route of Corsica-Sardegna connection. Also, there was interest from Hyperloop One , in his Global Challenge, on using Hyperloop to connect both islands. During April's Fool, was proposed a Tunnel of 326 km beneath the Mediterranean Sea that will connect La Ciotat ( continental France ) and Ajaccio (Corsica) that will be finish on 2042. There were proposals to build

4756-464: The improvement of the global shipping industry and advent of international air travel has reduced the demand for many intercontinental land connections. There is no public highway connection between Great Britain and the European mainland ; only a rail connection, the Channel Tunnel. A cross channel tunnel was first proposed in 1802 and construction actually started in 1881 before being abandoned. Roll-on/roll-off ferry services provided links across

4838-418: The island of Bokn with the mainland at Stavanger under the open Bokna fjord . Tunnels and bridges are an important part of the Faroe Islands transportation network. The longest proposed one is the 25 km Suðuroyartunnilin (Suðuroy tunnel). The Gibraltar Tunnel is proposed to be a rail tunnel linking Africa and Europe. A tunnel would likely be an electrified rail tunnel with car shuttles due to

4920-408: The land campaign. The Turks mined the straits to prevent Allied ships from penetrating them but, in minor actions two submarines, one British and one Australian, did succeed in penetrating the minefields. The British submarine sank an obsolete Turkish pre-dreadnought battleship off the Golden Horn of Istanbul. Sir Ian Hamilton 's Mediterranean Expeditionary Force failed in its attempt to capture

5002-451: The latter stream is the more likely candidate and additionally identified the probable site of the associated settlement as a rise on the left bank of the Münipbey Deresi known as Kalanuro Tepesi, based on geographical features and archaeological remnants. Aegospotami is located on the Dardanelles , near the modern Turkish town of Sütlüce, Gelibolu . At its mouth was the scene of the decisive battle in 405 BC in which Lysander destroyed

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5084-553: The laying of pipes for water, oil and gas, as well as the accommodation of telecommunication cables. The idea received the support of the ex-governor of the Marche , Gian Mario Spacca . Some sources considered the project as being more realistic than a bridge between Calabria and Sicily The Boknafjord tunnel (main part of the Rogfast project) is under construction and will in 2033 be the world's longest and deepest undersea tunnel, 26.7 kilometres (88,000 ft) long and reach 392 metres (1,286 ft) under sea level. It will connect

5166-440: The main Japanese island of Honshu . The Seikan Tunnel has provided a rail link from the main Japanese Island of Honshu to the northernmost Japanese island of Hokkaido since 1988. The proposed Sakhalin-Hokkaido Tunnel would link Hokkaido to the Russian island of Sakhalin . When combined with the proposed Sakhalin Tunnel between Sakhalin and the Russian Mainland and an extension of the Baikal Amur Mainline this would give

5248-457: The northeast quarter portion of the strait, was energised in April 2015 and provides 2 GW via 6 phases 400 kV AC 3.9 km far through the sea. The second, somewhat in the middle of the strait, was still under construction in June 2016 and will provide similar capabilities to the first line. Both subsea power lines cross 4 optical fibre data lines laid earlier along the strait. A published map shows communication lines leading from Istanbul into

5330-429: The period of the Ottoman Empire , which conquered Gallipoli in 1354. Ottoman control of the strait continued largely without interruption or challenges until the 19th century, when the Empire started its decline . Gaining control of, or guaranteed access to, the strait became a key foreign-policy goal of the Russian Empire during the 19th century. During the Napoleonic Wars , Russia—supported by Great Britain in

5412-404: The priestess Hero, but was ultimately drowned in a storm. The Dardanelles were vital to the defence of Constantinople during the Byzantine period. Also, the Dardanelles was an important source of income for the ruler of the region. At the Istanbul Archaeological Museum a marble plate contains a law by the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I (491–518 AD), that regulated fees for passage through

5494-402: The proposed route would be between Incheon - Weihai , being considerate to build an intermediary artificial island in the route of 341 kilometers. Other Korean cities, like Ongjin , Hwaseong and Pyeongtaek , are considered to be part of the routes to China. Also, is part of the Chinese comprehensive development plan for the Bohai area . The Jeju Undersea Tunnel is a project to connect

5576-429: The ships together with their bows facing the current and adding two additional anchors to each ship. From the perspective of ancient Greek mythology Helle , the daughter of Athamas, supposedly was drowned at the Dardanelles in the legend of the Golden Fleece . Likewise, the strait was the scene of the legend of Hero and Leander , wherein the lovesick Leander swam the strait nightly in order to tryst with his beloved,

5658-437: The size of a wagon load. A comet, tentatively identified as Halley's Comet , was reported at the time the meteorite landed. This is possibly the first European record of Halley's comet. 40°19′55″N 26°36′00″E  /  40.332°N 26.6°E  / 40.332; 26.6 This article about a location in ancient Thrace is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This geographical article about

5740-445: The strait. The proposed Strait of Sicily Tunnel would link Sicily to Tunisia . Together with the proposed Strait of Messina Bridge from Sicily to Italy this would provide a fixed link between Italy and Tunisia. The Turkish Straits are the channel between European Turkey and Asian Turkey and consist of the (from south to north) the Dardanelles , the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus . Three suspension bridges cross

5822-469: The straits area over the following decade. Following extensive diplomatic negotiations, the reversion was formalized under the Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits on 20 July 1936. That convention, which is still in force today, treats the straits as an international shipping lane while allowing Turkey to retain the right to restrict the naval traffic of non-Black Sea states. During World War II , through February 1945, when Turkey

5904-943: The straits to defend the Danube front and to attack the Crimean Peninsula during the Crimean War of 1853–1856 – but they did so as allies of the Ottoman Empire. Following the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War, the Congress of Paris in 1856 formally reaffirmed the London Straits Convention. In 1915 the Allies sent a substantial invasion force of British, Indian, Australian, New Zealand, French and Newfoundland troops to attempt to open up

5986-610: The straits. In the Gallipoli campaign , Turkish troops trapped the Allies on the coasts of the Gallipoli peninsula. The campaign damaged the career of Winston Churchill , then First Lord of the Admiralty (in office 1911–1915), who had eagerly promoted the (unsuccessful) use of Royal Navy sea power to force open the straits. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , subsequent founder of the Republic of Turkey , served as an Ottoman commander during

6068-532: The width of the Hellespont at Abydos , in order that his huge army could cross from Persia into Greece . This crossing was named by Aeschylus in his tragedy The Persians as the cause of divine intervention against Xerxes. According to Herodotus (vv.34), both bridges were destroyed by a storm and Xerxes had those responsible for building the bridges beheaded and the strait itself whipped. The Histories of Herodotus vii.33–37 and vii.54–58 give details of building and crossing of Xerxes' Pontoon Bridges . Xerxes

6150-721: The years, but none are currently under serious consideration. Additionally, there was a short-lived proposal for an underground roundabout beneath the Isle of Man , connecting tunnels to Ireland, Scotland, and two to England. Another proposal was for an additional route from Scotland to the Isle of Man. In July 2009, the States of Jersey were considering the feasibility of building a 14-mile (23 km) tunnel between Jersey (a British Crown dependency ) and Lower Normandy in France . There

6232-754: Was a revival of the idea in 2018 and 2021. It was reported in the local media that a link between Jersey and the neighbouring island of Guernsey would cost £2.6 billion. The Crimean Bridge is a pair of parallel bridges constructed by the Russian Federation following the annexation of Crimea , to span the Kerch Strait between the Taman Peninsula of Krasnodar Krai and the Kerch Peninsula of Crimea . The bridge complex provides for both vehicular traffic and for rail. During

6314-434: Was created in 1923 by the Treaty of Lausanne , which established most of the modern sovereign territory of Turkey and restored the straits to Turkish territory, with the condition that Turkey keep them demilitarized and allow all foreign warships and commercial shipping to traverse the straits freely. As part of its national security strategy, Turkey eventually rejected the terms of the treaty, and subsequently remilitarized

6396-680: Was located near the western entrance of the strait, and the strait's Asiatic shore was the focus of the Trojan War . Troy was able to control the marine traffic entering this vital waterway. The Persian army of Xerxes I of Persia and later the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great crossed the Dardanelles in opposite directions to invade each other's lands, in 480 BC and 334 BC respectively. Herodotus says that, circa 482 BC, Xerxes I (the son of Darius ) had two pontoon bridges built across

6478-474: Was neutral for most of the length of the conflict, the Dardanelles were closed to the ships of the belligerent nations. Turkey declared war on Germany in February 1945, but it did not employ any offensive forces during the war. In July 1946, the Soviet Union sent a note to Turkey proposing a new régime for the Dardanelles that would have excluded all nations except the Black Sea powers. The second proposal

6560-506: Was seen as a casus belli by Israel ahead of the Six-Day War . There is a car ferry between Safaga , Egypt and Duba, Saudi Arabia . The two uninhabited islands in the strait ( Tiran island and Sanafir island ), which might be used for a bridge, tunnel or causeway, were disputed between Egypt and Saudi Arabia until President Abdel Fatah al-Sisi of Egypt officially ceded them to Saudi Arabia in 2016/2017. The potential construction of

6642-529: Was that the straits should be put under joint Turkish-Soviet defence. This meant that Turkey, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria and Romania would be the only states having access to the Black Sea through the Dardanelles. The Turkish government however, under pressure from the United States, rejected these proposals. Turkey joined NATO in 1952, thus affording its straits even more strategic importance as

6724-533: Was the ancient name of the narrow strait. It was variously named in classical literature Hellespontium Pelagus , Rectum Hellesponticum , and Fretum Hellesponticum . It was so called from Helle , the daughter of Athamas, who was drowned here in the mythology of the Golden Fleece . As a maritime waterway , the Dardanelles connects various seas along the Eastern Mediterranean ,

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