52-558: Agwanpur is a village panchayat in Barh subdivision in Patna district of Bihar , India . The population of Agwanpur panchayat was 8,277 in 2001. The male population was 4,383 and the female population was 3,894. Of these, 3,401 were literate. 28°29′N 77°20′E / 28.483°N 77.333°E / 28.483; 77.333 This article related to a location in Bihar
104-731: A chairperson, comprises three to five members, ensuring representation and expertise in their respective domains. Just as the tehsil goes by other names in various parts of India, notably mandal and taluka , there are a number of variations in nomenclature for the block panchayat. For example, it is known as Mandal Praja Parishad in Andhra Pradesh , Taluka Panchayat in Gujarat , Uratchi Onriyam in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka , and Panchayat Samiti in Maharashtra . In general,
156-580: A population of over two million, to hold Panchayat elections regularly every five years, to provide seats reserved for scheduled castes , scheduled tribes and women, to appoint a State Finance Commission to make recommendations regarding the financial powers of the Panchayats, and to constitute a District Planning Committee. The 4-tier panchayat system [ bn ] was inaugurated in West Bengal on Mahatma Gandhi's birthday (2 October) in
208-500: A reservation for lower castes in politics. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam , completed in 1967, and Srisailam Dam , completed in 1981, are some of the irrigation projects that helped increase the production of paddy in the state. In 1983, the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won the state elections, and N. T. Rama Rao became the chief minister of the state for the first time after launching his party just nine months earlier. This broke
260-518: A significant increase in women's participation in local governance. Women are now serving as elected representatives in various positions, including as sarpanch (village head) and panchayat members. Women also demonstrated their positive and enlightened thinking in the panchayat to respond to the government's expectations of women. The supportive actions from their families are encouraging women to attend every PRI (Panchayati Raj in India) meeting. Even though
312-694: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Panchayati raj in India Panchayati raj (council of five officials) is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities . It consists of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) through which the self-government of villages is realized. They are tasked with "economic development, strengthening social justice and implementation of Central and State Government Schemes including those 29 subjects listed in
364-407: Is credited with transforming Hyderabad into an IT hub by providing incentives for tech companies to set up centres. In 2004 , Congress returned to power with a new chief ministerial face, YS Rajashekara Reddy , better known as YSR. The main emphasis during Reddy's tenure was on social welfare schemes such as free electricity for farmers, health insurance, tuition fee reimbursement for the poor, and
416-454: Is its elected head. The members of the gram panchayat are elected directly by the voting-age village population for a period of five years. The Gram Panchayat President, also known as Sarpanch often presides over the Sabha meetings. Elected standing committees operate in the panchayat, focusing on specific areas like finance, development, education, health, and welfare. Each committee, headed by
468-576: Is the longest-serving leader of the opposition. He served as leader of opposition in United Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly for a period of 2004 – 2014 in Andhra which includes current day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states N. Chandrababu Naidu is the last leader of opposition of United Andhra Pradesh before its bifurcation. After several years of protest and agitation, the central government, under
520-579: The States Reorganisation Act created Andhra Pradesh by merging the neighbouring Telugu-speaking areas of the Hyderabad State with Hyderabad as the capital on 1 November 1956. The Indian National Congress (INC) ruled the state from 1956 to 1982. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy became the first chief minister . Among other chief ministers, P. V. Narasimha Rao is known for implementing land reforms and land ceiling acts and securing
572-619: The Eleventh Schedule." Part IX of the Indian Constitution is the section of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats. It stipulates that in states or Union Territories with more than two million inhabitants there are three levels of PRIs: In states or Union Territories with less than two million inhabitants there are only two levels of PRIs. The Gram Panchayat consists of all registered voters living in
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#1732790203118624-662: The Panchayat council and infrequent meetings of the Sarpanch have decreased the spread of information to villagers, leading to more state regulation. Many Panchayats have been successful in achieving their goals, through cooperation between different bodies and the political mobilization of previously underrepresented groups in India. There is an obstacle of literacy that many Panchayats face for engagement of villagers, with most development schemes being on paper. However, homes linked to
676-648: The Panchayati Raj System have seen an increase in participation for local matters. The reservation policy for women on the Panchayat councils have also led to a substantial increase in female participation and have shaped the focus of development to include more domestic household issues. In 1992, the 73rd amendment was passed, transforming the role of women in Panchayati raj. The 73rd amendment established reservation of one-third of seats for women in basic village councils. This reservation had led to
728-727: The TDP got a mandate in its favour, defeating its nearest rival, the YSR Congress Party , a breakaway faction of the Congress founded by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy , son of former Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy. N. Chandrababu Naidu , the chief of the TDP, became the chief minister on 8 June 2014. In 2017, the government of Andhra Pradesh began operating from its new greenfield capital, Amaravati , for which 33,000 acres were acquired from farmers through an innovative land pooling scheme. Interstate issues with Telangana relating to
780-538: The Telangana side harping on the marginalisation of food culture, language, and unequal economic development and the Samaikyandhra movement focusing on the shared culture, language, customs, and historical unity of Telugu-speaking regions. The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act bill was passed by the parliament of India for the formation of the Telangana state, comprising ten districts , despite opposition by
832-667: The Telugu Desam Party again, and Rao became the chief minister again. Nara Chandrababu Naidu , Rao's son-in-law, came to power in 1995 with the backing of a majority of the MLAs . The Telugu Desam Party won both the assembly and Lok Sabha elections in 1999 under the leadership of Chandrababu Naidu. Thus, Naidu held the record for the longest-serving chief minister (1995–2004) of the united Andhra Pradesh. He introduced e-governance by launching e-Seva centres in 2001 for paperless and speedy delivery of government services. He
884-757: The United Progressive Alliance, decided to bifurcate the existing Andhra Pradesh state and on 2 June 2014, the Union Cabinet unilaterally cleared the bill for the creation of Telangana. Lasting for almost 5 decades, it was one of the longest movements in South India.[1] On 18 February 2014, the Lok Sabha passed the bill with a voice vote. Subsequently, the bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha two days later, on 20 February.[2] As per
936-560: The Vishalandhra movement came to an end. The residual Andhra Pradesh now has approximately the same borders. To gain an independent state based on linguistic identity and to protect the interests of the Telugu-speaking people of Madras State , Potti Sreeramulu fasted to death in 1952. As the city of Madras became a bone of contention, in 1949 a committee with Jawaharlal Nehru , Vallabhbhai Patel , and Pattabhi Sitaramayya
988-487: The area of a Gram Panchayat and is the organization through which village inhabitants participate directly in local government. Elections for the members of the Panchayats at all levels take place every five years. By federal law, the Panchayats must include members of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in the same proportion as in the general population and at least one-third of all seats and chairperson posts must be reserved for women. Some states have increased
1040-558: The area, a representative of the cooperative societies and one from marketing services), and some elected members. However, in Kerala , block panchayat members are directly elected, just like gram panchayat and district panchayat members. The Panchayat Samiti is elected for a term of five years and is headed by a chairman and a deputy chairman. The Panchayats, throughout the years, have relied on federal and state grants to sustain themselves economically. The absence of mandatory elections for
1092-655: The banner of Andhra Mahasabha with a demand to merge all the Telugu-speaking areas into one state. (The Communist Party of India demanded the formation of similar linguistic states across India.) The movement succeeded and a separate state of Andhra Pradesh was formed by merging Telugu-speaking areas of Hyderabad State (Telangana) with Andhra State on 1 November 1956 as part of the States Reorganisation Act. (Andhra State had been previously carved out of Madras State on 1 October 1953.) However, on 2 June 2014, Telangana State separated again from Andhra Pradesh and
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#17327902031181144-499: The basic units of local administration . Currently, the Panchayati Raj system exists in all states except Nagaland , Meghalaya , and Mizoram , and in all Union Territories except Delhi . Panchayati raj has its origins in India since Vedic period (1700 BCE). Since Vedic times, the village (gram) in the country is considered as the basic unit for regional self-administration. Mahatma Gandhi advocated Panchayati Raj as
1196-529: The basis of the gentlemen's agreement of 1 November 1956, the States Reorganisation Act formed Andhra Pradesh by merging Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking areas of the then-existing Hyderabad State . Hyderabad was made the capital of the new state. The Marathi-speaking areas of Hyderabad State merged with Bombay State which later bifurcated in Gujarat and Maharashtra and the Kannada-speaking areas were merged with Mysore State which
1248-451: The bill, Hyderabad would be the capital of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of the residual state of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. Hyderabad was the de jure joint capital. On 2 June 2014, Telangana was created with Hyderabad as its capital The Telangana movement refers to a movement for the creation of a state, Telangana, from the pre-existing state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The new state corresponds to
1300-548: The block level, and Zila Parishad at the district level. On 24 April 1993, the Constitutional (73rd amendment) Act of 1992 came into force in India to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions. This amendment was extended to Panchayats in the tribal areas of eight states, namely: Andhra Pradesh , Gujarat , Himachal Pradesh , Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh , Odisha , and Rajasthan beginning on 24 December 1996. This amendment contains provisions for
1352-712: The block panchayat has the same form as the gram panchayat but at a higher level. Membership in the block panchayat is mostly ex-official ; it is composed of: all of the Sarpanchas (gram panchayat chairmen) in the Panchayat Samiti area, the MPs and MLAs of the area, the Sub-District Officer (SDO) of the sub-division, co-opt members (representatives of the SCs, STs and women), associate members (a farmer from
1404-400: The bureaucracy was all male dominated, Gandhi hoped that Panchayati raj could be the framework for a free Indian political order. As a promoter of liberalism, he proposed gram swaraj, or self-contained and autonomous villages, to give women the most rights. The 73rd amendment was also resisted because reservation of seats meant that high caste people had to accept marginal caste women into
1456-413: The chairpersons/presidents at the intermediate and district levels are elected indirectly from among the elected members. At the village level, the chairperson/president is elected as determined by the state government. Some states use direct elections, while others use indirect elections (elected from among the members) to choose the chairperson of the gram panchayat. For the purpose of representation,
1508-413: The devolution of powers and responsibilities to the panchayats, both for the preparation of economic development plans and social justice, as well as for implementation in relation to 29 subjects listed in the eleventh schedule of the constitution, and the ability to levy and collect appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees. The Act aims to provide a three-tier system of Panchayati Raj for all states having
1560-409: The division of assets of public sector institutions and organisations of the united state and the division of river waters are not yet resolved. Data from Andhra Pradesh State Portal . On 1 November 1956, Hyderabad State ceased to exist; its Gulbarga and Aurangabad divisions were merged into Mysore State and Bombay State respectively. Its remaining Telugu -speaking portion, Telangana ,
1612-476: The foundation of India's political system, as a decentralized form of government in which each village would be responsible for its own affairs. The term for such a vision was Gram Swaraj ("village self-governance"). Instead, India developed a highly centralized form of government. However, this has been moderated by the delegation of several administrative functions to the local level, empowering elected gram panchayats. There are significant differences between
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1664-598: The general public spearheaded the agitation. When KCR's health deteriorated due to his fast-unto-death undertaking, the central government decided to initiate the process of forming an independent Telangana in December 2009. This triggered the Samaikyandhra movement to keep the state united. The Srikrishna committee was formed to give recommendations on how to deal with the situation. It gave its report in December 2010. The agitations continued for nearly 5 years, with
1716-563: The interests of the Telugu people of Madras State , Potti Sreeramulu fasted to death in 1952. As Madras became a bone of contention, in 1949 a JVP committee report stated: "Andhra Province could be formed provided the Andhras give up their claim on the city of Madras (now Chennai)". After Potti Sreeramulu's death, the Telugu-speaking area of Andhra State was carved out of Madras State on 30 November 1953, with Kurnool as its capital city. On
1768-503: The latter resigned over the impending division of the state to form Telangana . During its 58 years as a unified state, the state weathered separatist movements from Telangana (1969) and Andhra (1972) successfully. A new party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi , formed in April 2001 by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao (KCR), reignited the Telangana movement. A joint action committee formed with political parties, government employees, and
1820-451: The long-time single-party monopoly enjoyed by the INC. He transformed the sub-district administration by forming mandals in place of earlier taluks, removing hereditary village heads, and appointing non-hereditary village revenue assistants. The 1989 elections ended the rule of Rao, with the INC returning to power with Marri Chenna Reddy at the helm. In 1994 , Andhra Pradesh gave a mandate to
1872-477: The national rural employment guarantee scheme. He took over the free emergency ambulance service initiated by a corporation and ran it as a government project. INC won the 2009 elections under the leadership of YSR in April. He was elected chief minister again but was killed in a helicopter crash that occurred in September 2009. He was succeeded by Congressmen Konijeti Rosaiah and Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy ;
1924-834: The occasion of Dussehra . The system was gradually established all over India. The system was modified in 1992 with the 73rd constitutional amendment. The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee , headed by the Member of Parliament Balwantrai Mehta , was a committee appointed by the Government of India in January 1957 to examine the work of the Community Development Programme (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953), to suggest measures to improve their work. The committee's recommendation
1976-505: The political empowerment system. Indirectly, this leads to corruption when the government devotes funds to the grassroots panchayat where resources and funds are exploited by bureaucratic channels. Andhra Pradesh (1956%E2%80%932014) Andhra Pradesh , retrospectively referred to as United Andhra Pradesh , and Undivided Andhra Pradesh , was a state in India formed by States Reorganisation Act, 1956 with Hyderabad as its capital and
2028-429: The required minimum proportion for women to one-half. Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurated Panchayat at Nagaur on 2 October 1959. The day was selected on the occasion of Mahatma Gandhi 's birthday. Gandhi wanted Gram Swaraj through Panchayati Raj. The system was modified in 1992 with the 73rd constitutional amendment. In India, the Panchayati Raj now functions as a system of governance in which gram panchayats are
2080-572: The residual state continuing as Andhra Pradesh. The present form of Andhra Pradesh is the same as that of Andhra State , except for Bhadrachalam town, which continues in Telangana. A number of petitions questioning the validity of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act have been pending before the Supreme Court constitutional bench since April 2014. In the final elections held in the unified state in 2014 ,
2132-452: The respective State Election Commission . Reservation of seats in Panchayati Raj Institutions is a mechanism to ensure representation of marginalized and underprivileged sections of society. These reservations typically include seats for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and women. The percentage of reserved seats varies from state to state based on demographic factors and social considerations. The sarpanch (head of five)
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2184-463: The state legislature. The bill included the provision to retain Hyderabad as the capital for up to ten years and the provision to ensure access to educational institutions for the same period. The bill received the assent of the president and was published in the gazette on 1 March 2014. The new state of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the president of India , with
2236-430: The traditional Panchayati Raj system, that was envisioned by Gandhi, and the system formalized in India in 1992. Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurated Panchayati at Nagaur on 2 October 1959. The day was selected on the occasion of Mahatma Gandhi 's birthday. Gandhi wanted Gram Swaraj through Panchayati Raj. Rajasthan was the first state to implement it. Nehru inaugurated Panchayat Raj in Andhra Pradesh on 11 October 1959 on
2288-474: The validity of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 have long been pending for the verdict since April 2014 before the supreme court constitutional bench. The Visalandhra, Vishalandhra or Vishala Andhra was a movement in post-independence India for a united state for all Telugu speakers, a Greater Andhra (Telugu: విశాలాంధ్ర Viśālāndhra). This movement was led by the Communist Party of India under
2340-430: The village panchayat, block panchayat, and district panchayat are divided into constituencies/wards, each represented by an elected member. These members constitute the panchayat council. In some states, there are ex-officio members at the block or district level who are not elected members, such as MLAs , MPs , etc. The term of Panchayati Raj Institutions at all levels is 5 years, and elections to these are conducted by
2392-408: The village, block , and district levels and similar in nature. Zilla Parishad, Zila Parishad, Zilla Panchayat, District Panchayat, etc. Panchayat Samiti, Panchayat union, Mandal Parishad, Mandal Praja Parishad, Anchalik Panchayat, Janpad Panchayat, Kshetra Panchayat, Taluka Panchayat, etc. Gram Panchayat, Gaon Panchayat, etc. The members at all levels of Panchayati Raj are elected directly, and
2444-633: The year 1964 by the passage of the West Bengal Zilla Parishad Act in 1963. It consisted of The 3 tier panchayat system was inaugurated in June 1973 by the West Bengal Panchayat Act passed that year. It consists of In different parts of India, the levels of panchayati raj institutions might have different names because of the various languages spoken and cultural differences. However, they usually represent
2496-477: Was constituted. The committee recommended that Andhra State could be formed provided the Andhras gave up their claim on the city of Madras (now Chennai ). After Potti Sreeramulu's death, the Telugu-speaking area of Andhra State was carved out of Madras State on 1 October 1953, with Kurnool as its capital city. Tanguturi Prakasam became the first chief minister . Based on the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956 ,
2548-403: Was implemented by NDC in January 1958, and this set the stage for the launching of Panchayati Raj Institutions throughout the country. The committee recommended the establishment of the scheme of ‘democratic decentralization’, which finally came to be known as Panchayati Raj. This led to the establishment of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system: Gram Panchayat at the village level, Panchayat Samiti at
2600-688: Was later renamed as Karnataka . In February 2014, the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for the formation of the Telangana state comprising ten districts . Hyderabad will remain as a joint capital for not exceeding ten years. The new state of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the President of India . Number of petitions questioning
2652-601: Was merged with Andhra State to form the new state of United Andhra Pradesh . N. Chandrababu Naidu of Telugu Desam Party was the longest served chief minister of United Andhra Pradesh. Kiran Kumar Reddy of the Indian National Congress was the last chief minister of United Andhra Pradesh. The list of deputy chief ministers in the Indian former state of United Andhra Pradesh include: Keys: INC In fact N. Chandrababu Naidu
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#17327902031182704-462: Was reorganised by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 . The state was made up of three distinct cultural regions of Telangana , Rayalaseema , and Coastal Andhra . Before the 1956 reorganisation, Telangana had been part of Hyderabad State , whereas Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra had been part of Andhra State , formerly a part of Madras Presidency ruled by British India . To gain an independent state based on linguistic identity, and to protect
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