60-400: Ahuja is a Punjabi and Sindhi Hindu and Sikh surname. It is held by Hindus and Sikhs of Arora , Jat , and Amil Lohana communities. Ahuja means "descendant of Ahu". Notable people [ edit ] Administration [ edit ] Deepak Ahuja , former CFO at Tesla Kiran Ahuja , American attorney serving as the director of
120-642: A Ph.D. in Industrial & Management Engineering (BB) for his work on the role of parametric programming in network flow problems. Ahuja has held positions at several prestigious universities, including at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Sloan School of Management as Visiting Professor from 1986 to 1998, at the Rutgers University School of Management as Visiting Professor from 1996 to 1997 and at
180-569: A clan. With the passage of time, tribal structures became replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society, as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society. Traditionally, the Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic, geographical and cultural. Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region or associate with its population and those who consider
240-893: A decorative scarf. Over time the phulkari pattern has taken onto embellishments onto suits, dresses, accessories and more. You will see women wearing phulkari during important religious and cultural folk celebrations (i.e.: Vaisakhi, Lohri) and then in wedding celebrations such as the Jago. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2024, February 21). Punjab. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Punjab-state-India Malhotra, A., & Mir, F. (2012). Punjab Reconsidered: History, culture, and Practice. Oxford University Press. Snehi, Y. (2013). Book review: Punjab reconsidered: History, culture and practice. Studies in History, 29(1), 155– 158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643013496694 Ravindra K. Ahuja Ravindra K. Ahuja (born February 20, 1956)
300-459: A descendant of Prakrit. Punjabi emerged as an Apabhraṃśa , a degenerated form of Prakrit, in the 7th century CE and became stable by the 10th century. The earliest writings in Punjabi belong to Nath Yogi era from 9th to 14th century CE. The language of these compositions is morphologically closer to Shauraseni Apbhramsa , though vocabulary and rhythm is surcharged with extreme colloquialism and folklore. The Arabic and modern Persian influence in
360-507: A former columnist for The Times Maneet Ahuja , American author, journalist, television news producer Politics [ edit ] Gyan Dev Ahuja , BJP politician Hargun Das Ahuja , Pakistani politician Science, medicine and academia [ edit ] Kamal Ahuja , physiologist and the managing and scientific director of JD Healthcare M. M. S. Ahuja , Indian physician and endocrinologist Narendra Ahuja , Indian-American computer scientist Nita Ahuja , surgeon and
420-750: A population of more than 80 million, they are the largest ethnic group in Pakistan and the world's third-largest Islam-adhering ethnicity after Arabs and Bengalis . The majority of Punjabi Muslims are adherents of Sunni Islam , while a minority adhere to Shia Islam and other sects , including the Ahmadiyya community which originated in Punjab during the British Raj . In the Indian state of Punjab , Punjabi Hindus make up approximately 38.5% of
480-502: A relatively smaller area between the Indus and the Sutlej rivers. While the total population of Punjab is 110 million as noted in the 2017 Pakistan census, ethnic Punjabis comprise approximately 44.7% of the national population. With an estimated national population of 252 million in 2024, ethnic Punjabis thus number approximately 112.8 million in Pakistan; this makes Punjabis
540-408: A result of the population exchanges during partition, both parts of Punjab are now relatively homogeneous, as far as religion is concerned. Today the majority of Pakistani Punjabis follow Islam with a small Christian minority, and less Sikh and Hindu populations, while the majority of Indian Punjabis are either Sikhs or Hindus with a Muslim minority. Punjab is also the birthplace of Sikhism and
600-488: Is the fifth- largest religion in the world . The Sikhs form a majority of close to 58% in the modern day Punjab, India . Gurmukhi is the writing script used by Sikhs and for scriptures of Sikhism . It is used in official documents in parts of India and elsewhere. The tenth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh (1666 – 1708) established the Khalsa Brotherhood, and set for them a code of conduct. Most of
660-586: Is also home to small groups of Muslims and Christians. Most of the East Punjab 's Muslims left for West Punjab in 1947. However, a small community still exists today, mainly in Qadian , and Malerkotla . The Punjabi people have emigrated in large numbers to many parts of the world. In the early 20th century, many Punjabis began settling in the United States , including independence activists who formed
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#1732797453542720-978: Is an Indian-born American computer scientist and entrepreneur. He is currently Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida , and CEO of the automation and optimization solutions provider Optym , which he founded in 2000 as Innovative Scheduling, Inc. Ahuja specializes in mathematical modeling , state-of-the-art network optimization techniques and solving large-scale scheduling problems arising in logistics and transportation. He has developed models and algorithms for scheduling and logistics problems in airline, trucking and railroad industries worldwide. Many of these industry-specific problems were previously considered intractable. Ahuja’s optimization solutions are implemented by Optym’s advanced decision support systems . Ahuja has provided scholarly contributions to
780-470: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Punjabis Europe North America Oceania The Punjabis ( Punjabi : پنجابی ( Shahmukhi ) ; ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ( Gurmukhi ) ; romanised as Panjābī ) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with the Punjab region , comprising areas of northwestern India and eastern Pakistan . They generally speak Standard Punjabi or various Punjabi dialects on both sides. Majority of
840-1114: Is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora , particularly in Canada , the United States, and the United Kingdom . In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet , based on the Perso-Arabic script ; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi alphabet , based on the Indic scripts . Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone . Punjabi developed from Prakrit languages and later Apabhraṃśa ( Sanskrit : अपभ्रंश , 'deviated' or 'non-grammatical speech') From 600 BCE, Sanskrit
900-599: The British Raj . The vast majority were converted from the Hindu Chura communities of Punjab, and to a lesser extent Mazhabi Sikhs ; under the influence of enthusiastic army officers and Christian missionaries. Large numbers of Mazhabi Sikhs were also converted in the Moradabad district and the Bijnor district of Uttar Pradesh . Rohilkhand saw a mass conversion of its entire population of 4500 Mazhabi Sikhs into
960-568: The Ghadar Party . The United Kingdom has a significant number of Punjabis from both Pakistan and India. The most populous areas being London, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. In Canada (specifically Vancouver , Toronto , and Calgary ) and the United States, (specifically California's Central Valley as well as the New York and New Jersey region). In the 1970s, a large wave of emigration of Punjabis (predominately from Pakistan) began to
1020-495: The Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), to study mechanical engineering. He earned a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering in 1977 and continued his education as a graduate student at his alma mater. Between 1977 and 1979, he studied maximal arc-disjoint and node-disjoint flow in multicommodity networks and earned a Master of Science in Industrial & Management Engineering. In 1982, he earned
1080-580: The Indus River , the Sutlej being the largest. References to a land of five rivers may be found in the Mahabharata , which calls one of the regions in ancient Bharat Panchanada ( Sanskrit : पञ्चनद , romanized : pañca-nada , lit. 'five rivers'). The ancient Greeks referred to the region as Pentapotamía ( Greek : Πενταποταμία ), which has the same meaning as
1140-606: The Jats , Rajputs , Arains , Gujjars and Awans . Prior to the partition in 1947 , major communities of West Punjab also included the Khatris , Aroras and Brahmins . While in East Punjab (India), Jats are almost 20 per cent of East Punjab's population. The Scheduled Castes constitute almost 32 per cent of its total population and 4.3 per cent of the SCs nationally, official data show. Of more than 35 designated Scheduled Castes in
1200-573: The Methodist Church . Sikh organisations became alarmed at the rate of conversions among high caste Sikh families, and as a result, they responded by immediately dispatching Sikh missionaries to counteract the conversions. Punjabi culture grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilisation , dating back to 3000 BCE. Agriculture has been
1260-493: The Phulkari . The phulkari is folk embroidery that was typically inclusive of work in floral patterns but has taken on a larger aspect of including geometrical shapes, symbols and motifs relevant to the culture. This pattern has been worn by women for hundreds of years in very vibrant colours. The pattern is typically stitched with woven silk and colourful thread. The phulkari pattern is adorned onto dupattas/chunis, better known as
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#17327974535421320-472: The Punjabi language their mother tongue. Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture, since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections. While Punjabis share a common territory, ethnicity and language, they are likely to be followers of one of several religions, most often Islam , Sikhism , Hinduism or Christianity . The term "Punjab" came into currency during
1380-603: The Yamuna and Ganges rivers. An ancient Indian law book called the Manusmriti , developed by Brahmin Hindu priests, shaped Punjabi religious life from 200 BC onward. Later, the spread of Buddhisim and Jainism in the Indian subcontinent saw the growth of Buddhism and Jainism in the Punjab. Islam was introduced via southern Punjab in the 8th century, becoming the majority by the 16th century, via local conversion. There
1440-476: The colonial period of India became Christians, with all of these religions characterising the religious diversity now found in the Punjab region. Due to religious tensions, emigration between Punjabi people started far before the partition and dependable records. Shortly prior to the Partition of India , Punjab Province (British India) had a slight majority Muslim population at about 53.2% in 1941, which
1500-472: The largest ethnic group in Pakistan by population. Religious homogeneity remains elusive as a predominant Sunni population with Shia , Ahmadiyya and Christian minorities. The Punjabi-speaking people make up 2.74% of India's population as of 2011. The total number of Indian Punjabis is unknown due to the fact that ethnicity is not recorded in the Census of India . Sikhs are largely concentrated in
1560-668: The surname Ahuja . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahuja&oldid=1257925530 " Categories : Surnames Punjabi-language surnames Arora clans Surnames of Indian origin Surnames of Hindu origin Khatri surnames Sindhi-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1620-552: The theory and applications of network optimization and specializes in network flows and network flow modeling. Specifically, Ahuja is a specialist in the domains of airline network planning, railroad planning and scheduling, less-than-truckload (LTL) optimization, pickup and delivery, network optimization, supply chain management and the modeling and optimization of large-scale logistics problems. He co-authored more than 100 research papers and book chapters in prestigious, peer-reviewed research journals . Ahuja founded
1680-486: The 1947 partition, millions of Punjabi Hindus (including Hindkowan Hindus and Saraiki Hindus ) migrated from West Punjab and North-West Frontier Province , of which many ultimately settled in Delhi. Determined from 1991 and 2015 estimates, Punjabi Hindus form approximately 24 to 35 per cent of Delhi's population; based on 2011 official census counts, this amounts to between 4,029,106 and 5,875,779 people. Following
1740-799: The 1974 Asian Games Kanika Ahuja , Indian cricketer Neha Ahuja , Indian alpine skier and first Indian woman to have qualified for the Winter Olympics Suraj Ahuja , former captain of the India national under-19 cricket team Bollywood [ edit ] Aakash Ahuja , Indian actor Arun Kumar Ahuja , Indian actor Govinda Ahuja , Indian actor Richa Ahuja , Indian actress Sarwar Ahuja , Indian actor Shiney Ahuja , Indian actor Shubhi Ahuja , Indian actress Sonam Kapoor Ahuja , Indian actress Suhaas Ahuja , Indian actor Sushma Ahuja , Indian director, writer and actor Journalism [ edit ] Anjana Ahuja , British Indian science journalist and
1800-1178: The Chair of the Department of Surgery at Yale School of Medicine Ravindra K. Ahuja , Indian-American computer scientist and entrepreneur and CFO of Optym Sunil Kumar Ahuja , professor of medicine at the University of Texas V. K. Ahuja , professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, India and is presently serving as the Vice-Chancellor of National Law University, Assam, India Social work [ edit ] Jagdish Lal Ahuja , Indian social worker Sparsh Ahuja , Indian-Australian social activist and documentary film maker References [ edit ] ^ Hanks, Patrick (2003). Dictionary of American Family Names . New York: Oxford University Press. pp. xcvii, 15. ^ Thakur, U.T. (1959). Sindhi Culture . University of Bombay. pp. 85, 87. [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
1860-659: The Chamar and are traditionally linked to leather-related occupations. Proto- Hinduism is the oldest of the religions practised by the Punjabi people. The historical Vedic religion constituted the religious ideas and practices in the Punjab during the Vedic period (1500–500 BCE), centered primarily in the worship of Indra . The bulk of the Rigveda was composed in the Punjab region between circa 1500 and 1200 BC, while later Vedic scriptures were composed more eastwards, between
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1920-822: The Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), in India as a faculty member from 1982 to 1996. Since 1998, Ahuja has served as Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Throughout his academic career, Ahuja mentored several doctoral students and taught graduate and undergraduate courses, including Operations Research for Management, Introduction to Management Science, Introduction to Computing and Programming Languages, Network Flow Algorithms, Network Optimization, Combinatorial Optimization, Database Management Systems, Design of Production Systems and Operations Management. Ahuja has contributed to
1980-624: The Middle East, in places such as the UAE , Saudi Arabia and Kuwait . There are also large communities in East Africa including the countries of Kenya , Uganda and Tanzania . Punjabis have also emigrated to Australia, New Zealand and Southeast Asia including Malaysia , Philippines , Thailand , Singapore and Hong Kong. Of recent times many Punjabis have also moved to Italy. Among the major castes and tribes of West Punjab (Pakistan) are
2040-592: The Persian word. Punjab is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia , specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent , comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India . The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts. The geographical definition of the term "Punjab" has changed over time. In the 16th century Mughal Empire it referred to
2100-411: The Punjab is also a region that over the centuries has experienced many foreign invasions and consequently has a long-standing history of warfare, as the Punjab is situated on the principal route of invasions through the northwestern frontier of the Indian subcontinent, which promoted to adopt a lifestyle that entailed engaging in warfare to protect the land. Warrior culture typically elevates the value of
2160-582: The SCaLE (Supply Chain and Logistics Engineering) Center at the University of Florida, which encourages joint research and applied projects among faculty from Engineering, Computer Science and Business Administration in conjunction with industry participants. While conducting research for transportation and logistics companies, Ahuja discovered a large discrepancy between academic theory and prevailing industry practices. He observed that advances taking place in optimization and computer science were not benefitting
2220-797: The United States of America Office of Personnel Management Armed Forces [ edit ] Ajay Ahuja , Indian fighter pilot martyred during the Kargil War Art [ edit ] Ameena Ahmad Ahuja , Indian painter, calligrapher, writer and linguist Hamisha Daryani Ahuja , Indian-Nigerian actress and producer Mequitta Ahuja , contemporary painter Naman Ahuja , art historian and curator Rita Rani Ahuja , American actress Sachin Ahuja , Indian music producer and music composer Varun Ahuja , Indian composer, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Athletics [ edit ] Davinder Ahuja , badminton bronze medalist at
2280-408: The community's honour ( izzat ), which is highly esteemed by Punjabis. Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language natively spoken by the Punjabi people. Punjabi is the most popular first language in Pakistan, with 80.5 million native speakers as per the 2017 census , and the 11th most popular in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, as per the 2011 census . The language
2340-518: The historical Punjab region began with the late first millennium Muslim conquests on the Indian subcontinent . Many Persian and Arabic words were incorporated in Punjabi. So Punjabi relies heavily on Persian and Arabic words which are used with a liberal approach to language. After the fall of the Sikh empire, Urdu was made the official language of Punjab (in Pakistani Punjab, it is still
2400-414: The large scale exodus that took place during the 1947 partition, there remains a small Punjabi Hindu community in Pakistan today. According to the 2017 Census , there are about 200,000 Hindus in Punjab province, forming approximately 0.2% of the total population. Much of the community resides in the primarily rural South Punjab districts of Rahim Yar Khan and Bahawalpur where they form 3.12% and 1.12% of
2460-482: The major economic feature of the Punjab and has therefore formed the foundation of Punjabi culture, with one's social status being determined by landownership. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan". Besides being known for agriculture and trade,
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2520-540: The modern Punjabi Christians are descended from converts during British rule; initially, conversions to Christianity came from the "upper levels of Punjab society, from the privileged and prestigious", including "high caste" Hindu families, as well as Muslim families. However, other modern Punjabi Christians have converted from the Chuhra group. The Churas were largely converted to Christianity in North India during
2580-441: The modern-day state of Punjab forming 57.7% of the population with Hindus forming 38.5%. Ethnic Punjabis are believed to account for at least 40% of Delhi's total population and are predominantly Hindi -speaking Punjabi Hindus . The Indian censuses record the native languages, but not the descent of the citizens. Thus, there is no concrete official data on the ethnic makeup of Delhi and other Indian states. Indian Punjab
2640-411: The movement Ahmadiyya . Punjabi Muslims are found almost exclusively in Pakistan with 97% of Punjabis who live in Pakistan following Islam, in contrast to Punjabi Sikhs and Punjabi Hindus who predominantly live in India. Forming the majority of the Punjabi ethnicity in the greater Punjab region , Punjabi Muslims write the Punjabi language under the Perso-Arabic script known as Shahmukhi . With
2700-410: The now-vanished Ghaggar . The coalescence of the various tribes, castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab region into a broader common "Punjabi" identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE. Historically, the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari (literally meaning "brotherhood") or tribes , with each person bound to
2760-465: The overall Punjabi population adheres to Islam with significant minorities practicing Sikhism and Hinduism and smaller minorities practicing Christianity . However, the religious demographics significantly vary when viewed from Pakistani and Indian sides, respectively, with over 95 percent of the Punjabi population from Pakistan being Muslim , with a small minority of Christians and Hindus and an even smaller minority of Sikhs . Over 57 percent of
2820-464: The population of the Indian state of Punjab is Sikh and over 38 percent Hindu with a small minority of Muslims and Christians. The ethnonym is derived from the term Punjab (Five rivers) in Persian to describe the geographic region of the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, where five rivers Beas , Chenab , Jhelum , Ravi , and Sutlej merge into the Indus River , in addition of
2880-467: The population respectively, while the rest are concentrated in urban centres such as Lahore . Punjabi Hindus in India use Nāgarī script to write the Hindi and Punjabi languages. Sikhism from Sikh , meaning a "disciple", or a "learner", is a monotheistic religion originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent during the 15th century. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in
2940-525: The primary official language), and influenced the language as well. Punjabis also speak several languages and dialects related to Punjabi, such as the Pothwari spoken in the Pothohar region of Northern Pakistani Punjab Kaintha The Kaintha, a traditional necklace which is usually made out of gold or steel, is an integral element of Punjabi clothing. It is adorned with a pendant that stands out from
3000-434: The region at the time. According to historical demographer Tim Dyson , in the eastern regions of Punjab that ultimately became Indian Punjab following independence, districts that were 66% Hindu in 1941 became 80% Hindu in 1951; those that were 20% Sikh became 50% Sikh in 1951. Conversely, in the western regions of Punjab that ultimately became Pakistani Punjab , all districts became almost exclusively Muslim by 1951. As
3060-534: The reign of Akbar in the late sixteenth century. Though the name Punjab is of Persian origin, its two parts ( پنج , panj , 'five' and آب , āb , 'water') are cognates of the Sanskrit words, पञ्च , pañca , 'five' and अप् , áp , 'water', of the same meaning. The word pañjāb thus means 'The Land of Five Waters', referring to the rivers Jhelum , Chenab , Ravi , Sutlej , and Beas . All are tributaries of
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#17327974535423120-613: The rest of the necklace, which is accompanied by matching color schemes as well as yarn in the back to hold the piece together. It is worn with the Shalwar Kameez alongside a shawl, chunni, or vest. Men and women alike traditionally wear the Kaintha to the Mayian and Jaggo ceremonies. It is also commonly worn while performing the traditional Bhangra and Giddha dances Phulkari A traditional element of Punjabi clothing has been
3180-422: The sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib , include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, unity and equality of all humankind, engaging in selfless service , striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all , and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. Being one of the youngest amongst the major world religions, with 25-28 million adherents worldwide, Sikhism
3240-450: The state's population; numbering 10.7 million and are a majority in the Doaba region. Punjabi Hindus form a majority in five districts of Punjab, namely, Pathankot , Jalandhar , Hoshiarpur , Fazilka and Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar districts. Punjabi Hindus also form around 32 percent of Indian State Haryana 's population and are very much influential in the state politics. During
3300-789: The state, the Mazhabis, the Ravidasias/Ramdasias, the Ad Dharmis, the Valmikis, and the Bazigars together make up around 87 per cent of East Punjab's total Scheduled Caste population. The Ravidasia Hindus/Ad-Dharmi and the Ramdasia Sikhs together constitute 34.93 per cent of East Punjab's total Scheduled Caste population and 11.15 per cent of Punjab Population. Ramdasia , Ad-Dharmi and Ravidassias are subgroups of
3360-503: The theory and applications of network optimization . He co-authored more than 100 research papers and book chapters in the areas of Industrial Engineering , Operations Research and Computer Science . He also co-authored three textbooks and served as Associate Editor of three journals: Operations Research , Transportation Science and Networks . Ravindra K. Ahuja was born in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh , India. In 1972, Ahuja entered
3420-517: The transportation and logistics industry, which continued to use rudimentary techniques. Determined to change that, Ahuja founded Innovative Scheduling, Inc. in 2000, which changed its name to Optym in 2014, to bring the latest advances from academic theory into the business world. Over the years, Ahuja has played a key role in Optym’s evolution from a local start-up to a global provider of ground-breaking decision automation and optimization solutions in
3480-475: Was a small Jain community left in Punjab by the 16th century, while the Buddhist community had largely disappeared by the turn of the 10th century. The region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of the Punjab region. The rise of Sikhism in the 1700s saw some Punjabis, both Hindu and Muslim, accepting the new Sikh faith. A number of Punjabis during
3540-446: Was advocated as official language and Prakrit gave birth to many regional languages in different parts of India. All these languages are called Prakrit (Sanskrit: प्राकृत , prākṛta ) collectively. Paishachi , Shauraseni and Gandhari were Prakrit languages, which were spoken in north and north-western India and Punjabi developed from one of these Prakrits. Later in northern India, these Prakrits gave rise to their own Apabhraṃśa ,
3600-413: Was an increase from the previous years. Due to the partition of 1947 , a rapid shift towards religious homogeneity occurred in all districts across the Punjab region owing to the new international border that cut through the province. This rapid demographic shift was primarily due to mass migration and population exchange but also caused by large-scale religious cleansing riots that occurred across
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