Nocturnality is a behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is " nocturnal ", versus diurnal meaning the opposite.
56-505: (Redirected from Ahp ) AHP or Ahp may refer to: Ahp [ edit ] Krasue , known as Ahp in Cambodia, a nocturnal female spirit of Southeast Asian folklore AHP as an abbreviation [ edit ] Highway patrols [ edit ] Alabama Highway Patrol Arizona Highway Patrol Arkansas Highway Patrol Other uses [ edit ] Above Head of Passes ,
112-572: A Krasue spitting flames and firing laser beams and that was dubbed in Thai as Krasue Sawat (กระสือสวาท), meaning "Lovely Krasue", and Indonesia 's Mystics in Bali (1981) also feature local versions of Krasue. In the Vietnam War -era drama Freedom Deal by Camerado , President Nixon orders the 1970 military incursion into Cambodia, unwittingly unleashing a legion of local ghosts similar to
168-621: A phut ( Thai : ภูต ) that has to live off wasted, uncooked or rotten food. In recent time, the Thai entertainment industry has fictionalized the origin of Krasue as cursed from an Ancient Khmer princess, as in Demonic Beauty (2002). The kidnapped princess of the Khmer kingdom cheated on her husband (the general), with a soldier. The soldier was decapitated while the Khmer princess was burned to death. However, before she died, she chanted
224-621: A central role, but she also appears in many other movies in lesser roles, such as in Phi Ta Wan Kap Achan Ta Bo (2008) Thai : ผีตาหวานกับอาจารย์ตาโบ๋ , among others. More recently, the Krasue appears in the 2019 horror film Inhuman Kiss (Thai: แสงกระสือ), and its 2023 sequel, Inhuman Kiss: The Last Breath ( Thai : แสงกระสือ2 ), released in Thailand on 30 March 2023. Krasue, as Ahp (also spelt Arp or Aap ),
280-540: A common ancestor who evolved to function as a nocturnal species, decreasing their eyesight in favor of a better sense of smell. The anomaly to this theory were anthropoids , who appeared to have the most divergence from nocturnality of all organisms examined. While most mammals did not exhibit the morphological characteristics expected of a nocturnal creature, reptiles and birds fit in perfectly. A larger cornea and pupil correlated well with whether these two classes of organisms were nocturnal or not. Being active at night
336-861: A community are suspected of becoming nightly a Krasue by other members of the village. អាប (Ahp/Aap), derived from a Sanskrit word आप्यति (āpyati, 'to cause anyone to suffer'), in Cambodian folklore is usually a woman who is half spirit and half-mortal. During the daytime, they appeared to look like normal human beings but during nighttime they ascended, leaving their mortal body with only their head and their organs, gravitating to find food. They were believed to feast on smelly things; blood, raw meats, villager's farm animals, corpses, feces, placentas, newborns, etc. Their weaknesses are thorns and guard dogs. Ahp are witches who failed practicing powerful black magic, causing it to backfire and cursing themselves. Others believe that Ahp are black magic practitioners, borrowing
392-485: A decrease in mate calls and continued to move around instead of waiting for a potential mate to arrive. This hurts the overall fitness of the species, which is concerning considering the overall decrease in amphibian populations. Predation Some nocturnal predator-prey relationships are interrupted by artificial lighting. Bats that are fast-moving are often at an advantage with insects being drawn to light; they are fast enough to escape any predators also attracted to
448-664: A demon (evil spirit)'s power by letting them possess their body at night, as an exchange. Ahp have to pass their curse onto another woman to be able to enter the cycle of reincarnation; it could be their daughter, granddaughter, relatives or any other women that is in their womanhood also practicing witchcraft but some believe it could just be passed through the exchanged of bodily fluid to any women, usually tricked. Witches in khmer are called mae thmob (ម៉ែធ្មប់ 'mother witch') or yeay thmob (យាយធ្មប់ 'grandmother witch'). In order to protect pregnant women and their children from becoming victims, their relatives place thorny branches around
504-418: A major effect on nocturnal animals, as well as diurnal species. The causes of these can be traced to distinct, sometimes overlapping areas: light pollution and spatial disturbance. Light pollution is a major issue for nocturnal species, and the impact continues to increase as electricity reaches parts of the world that previously had no access. Species in the tropics are generally more affected by this due to
560-705: A mathematical decision-making technique Associated Hygienic Products LLC, part of DSG International Ltd. Association health plan, in health insurance in the United States Allied health professionals in the NHS Accelerated hydrogen peroxide , a trademark for a solution of hydrogen peroxide AHP as a code [ edit ] Port Alexander Seaplane Base , Alaska, U.S., FAA LID: AHP Apro language , ISO 639-3 language code ahp See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Army Heliport Topics referred to by
616-496: A normal person during the day, although having a sleepy look. To crush the still headless body of the krasue is fatal to the spirit. The flying head will return after hunting but rejoin with the wrong body which will lead it to suffer torment until death. If the top part of the body fails to find the lower half before daybreak it will die in terrible pain. The Krasue will also die if its intestines get cut off or if its body disappears or gets hidden by someone. Some folk beliefs hold that
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#1732790907763672-495: A number of threats to the different endangered species. Adults are likely to stay away from artificially lit beaches that they might prefer to lay eggs on, as there is less cover against predators. Additionally, baby sea turtles that hatch from eggs on artificially lit beaches often get lost, heading towards the light sources as opposed to the ocean. Rhythmic behaviors are affected by light pollution both seasonally and daily patterns. Migrating birds or mammals might have issues with
728-471: A previous life will become a Krasue as punishment. Other folk stories talk about a person being cursed to become a Krasue after having consumed food and drink contaminated with a krasue's saliva or flesh. Popular imagination also claims that the transformation into a Krasue is largely restricted to the relatives of women practicing witchcraft "Mae Mot" (แม่มด) or "Yai Mot" (ยายมด), especially their daughters or granddaughters. Often women acting strangely in
784-470: A relatively similar spatial habitat as they did before. In comparison, herbivorous prey tend to stay in areas where human disturbance is low, limiting both resources and their spatial habitat. This leads to an imbalance in favor of predators, who increase in population and come out more often at night. In zoos , nocturnal animals are usually kept in special night-illumination enclosures to invert their normal sleep-wake cycle and to keep them active during
840-439: A spell to protect her mortal body but was only able to save her head and her organs. This depiction, however, merely is just an attempt to put a royal touch or to reinvent a mythical beginning to a well-known story of an essentially folk origin, strictly for entertainment and commercial purpose. There are other oral traditions that say that this spirit was formerly a rich lady that had a length of black gauze or ribbon tied around
896-698: Is pollination - nocturnal pollinators such as moths, beetles, thrips, and bats have a lower risk of being seen by predators, and the plants evolved temporal scent production and ambient heat to attract nocturnal pollination. Like with predators hunting the same prey, some plants such as apples can be pollinated both during the day and at night. Nocturnality is a form of crypsis , an adaptation to avoid or enhance predation . Although lions are cathemeral , and may be active at any time of day or night, they prefer to hunt at night because many of their prey species ( zebra , antelope , impala, wildebeest , etc.) have poor night vision . Many species of small rodents, such as
952-450: Is a form of niche differentiation , where a species' niche is partitioned not by the amount of resources but by the amount of time (i.e. temporal division of the ecological niche ). Hawks and owls can hunt the same field or meadow for the same rodents without conflict because hawks are diurnal and owls are nocturnal. This means they are not in competition for each other's prey. Another niche that being nocturnal lessens competition within
1008-410: Is avoiding the heat of the day. This is especially true in arid biomes like deserts , where nocturnal behavior prevents creatures from losing precious water during the hot, dry daytime. This is an adaptation that enhances osmoregulation . One of the reasons that ( cathemeral ) lions prefer to hunt at night is to conserve water. Hamiltons Frog , found on Stephens and Maud islands, stays hidden for
1064-406: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Krasue The Krasue ( Thai : กระสือ , pronounced [krā.sɯ̌ː] ) is a nocturnal female spirit of Southeast Asian folklore . It manifests as the floating, disembodied head of a woman, usually young and beautiful, with her internal organs still attached and trailing down from
1120-404: Is impossible because not enough methane is emitted from rotten organic matter to be able to cause an ignition and that even if the methane gas particles did ignite, the burning would be confined to the surface of the organic, flammable matter and would not lead to floating flames that allegedly give the illusion of the Krasue. When the head is pulled off from a real human body, other organs such as
1176-429: Is not needed anymore due to the evolution of compensatory sensory systems, such as a heightened sense of smell and more astute auditory systems. In a recent study, recently extinct elephant birds and modern day nocturnal kiwi bird skulls were examined to recreate their likely brain and skull formation. They indicated that olfactory bulbs were much larger in comparison to their optic lobes , indicating they both have
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#17327909077631232-533: Is present in the Cambodian horror films Neang Arp (Lady Vampire) (2004), Tiyen Arp រឿង ទាយាទអាប (Heredity of Krasue) (2007), Arp Kalum (The Sexiest Ahp) (2009) and Phlerng Chhes Arp Ahp Wearing A Helmet Season 1 រឿង អាបពាក់មួកសុវត្ថិភាព វគ្គ១ Ahp Wearing A Helmet Season 2 រឿង អាបពាក់មួកសុវត្ថិភាព វគ្គ2 (Released in 2012) Hong Kong 's Witch with the Flying Head (飛頭魔女) (1977), which includes
1288-411: Is that Krasue sightings are caused by blazing flames from methane gas particles emitted from rotten organic matter found in farms and fields, where Krasue sightings are commonly reported. However, according to Associate Professor Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon, an energy researcher from King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi , the hypothesis that the Krasue is actually burning methane gas particles
1344-677: The Khmer Rouge era. In the Philippines there is a similar ghost, manananggal , a local spirit that haunts pregnant women . Belief in the existence of the Krasue is shared across Southeast Asia , and its origin is difficult to verify. However, it likely originates from folklore. In Thailand, the Krasue is believed to be a cursed individual (usually a female) who engaged in various sins and fraudulent conduct during her previous life. After she dies, her sins cause her to be reborn as
1400-499: The Krasue is accompanied by a will-o'-the-wisp -like luminescent glow. The explanations attempted about the origin of the glow include the presence of methane in marshy areas. The Krasue is often said to live in the same areas as Krahang , a male spirit of the Thai folklore . This spirit moves about by hovering in the air above the ground, for it has no lower body. The throat may be represented in different ways, either as only
1456-811: The Kuyang ( Indonesian : Kui'yang ), Pok-Pok ( Indonesian : Pok'Pok ) , or Leyak ( Indonesian : lei'yak ) in Indonesia ; the Ma lai ( Vietnamese : ma lai ) in Vietnam ; manananggal ( Tagalog : mana'nang'gal ) in the Philippines ; Pelasik , Pelesit , penanggalan or penanggal ( Malay : Pe'nang'gal ) in Indonesia , Malaysia , Brunei and Singapore . Japanese folklore also has yokai creatures called nukekubi and rokurokubi that are quite similar to their Southeast Asian counterparts. According to Thai ethnographer Phraya Anuman Rajadhon ,
1512-482: The Large Japanese Field Mouse , are active at night because most of the dozen or so birds of prey that hunt them are diurnal. There are many diurnal species that exhibit some nocturnal behaviors. For example, many seabirds and sea turtles only gather at breeding sites or colonies at night to reduce the risk of predation to themselves and/or their offspring. Nocturnal species take advantage of
1568-464: The Mesozoic , many ancestors of modern-day mammals evolved nocturnal characteristics in order to avoid contact with the numerous diurnal predators. A recent study attempts to answer the question as to why so many modern day mammals retain these nocturnal characteristics even though they are not active at night. The leading answer is that the high visual acuity that comes with diurnal characteristics
1624-616: The trachea or with the whole neck . The organs below the head usually include the heart and the stomach with a length of intestine, the intestinal tract emphasizing the ghost's voracious nature. In the Thai film Krasue Valentine , this ghost is represented with more internal organs, such as lungs and liver , but much reduced in size and anatomically out of proportion with the head. The viscera are sometimes represented freshly daubed with blood , as well as glowing. In contemporary representations her teeth often include pointed fangs in yakkha ( Thai : ยักษ์ ) or vampire fashion. In
1680-401: The 1994 Krasue TV soap opera became very famous. There was a remake in 2011 named Krasue Cham Sin (กระสือจำศีล), but it was poorly cast and produced, not being able to reach the popularity of the 1994 lakhon . A Krasue has been also comically featured in a Sylvania light bulb commercial for Thai audiences and in a more recent dietary supplement ad. A rather ugly Krasue also appears in
1736-749: The Head of Passes being the datum from which mileages on the Lower Mississippi River are measured Adiabatic Half-Passage, an Adiabatic MRI Pulse design African humid period , a period during the Holocene when Africa was much wetter than today Afterhyperpolarization , in neurology UCSF Alliance Health Project Alpha Eta Rho , a professional college aviation fraternity American Home Products, now Wyeth , an American company American Homeowner Preservation an online real estate crowdfunding platform Analytic Hierarchy Process ,
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1792-457: The Krasue from coming inside the house. House-owners usually build spiky fences or grow spiky bamboo to protect themselves from the Krasue. The Krasue is scared of spiky things because it fears its intestines will get stuck and it will not be able to escape. There is information from The Royal Academy which provides examples of how belief in the Krasue has been reflected in Thai culture for centuries, for example: A possible scientific explanation
1848-575: The Krasue to a Khmer curse; Krasue Valentine (2006) by Yuthlert Sippapak , Krasue (The Gluttonous Fear) Thai : กระสือ made in 2007, with Jedsada Roongsakorn and Sirintorn Parnsamutr, Krasue Fat Pop Thai : กระสือฟัดปอบ (2009) with Chutima Naiyana , in which Krasue fights against Phi Pop , and Fullmoon Devil (2011) Thai : กระสือ by Komson Thripong. Krasue also appears in erotic movies such as Krasue Rak Krasue Sawat (2014) Thai : กระสือรัก กระสือสวาท and Wan Krasue Sao (2013) Thai : ว่านกระสือสาว In all these movies Krasue plays
1904-425: The Krasue. This ghost appears periodically in Thai television soap operas (ละคร). Krasue , a popular lakhon aired between 20 December 1994 and 21 March 1995, as well as the more recent Krasue Mahanakhon (กระสือมหานคร) —in which the ghost story for a change is against a background of young city people instead of the usual rural or traditional setting — feature a Krasue in the central role. The theme song of
1960-463: The animated film Nak . The American anthology streaming television series Creepshow features a Krasue in the season three episode "Drug Traffic". Representations of Krasue, often humorous, are very common in Thai comic books . Since the Krasue is a popular subject in some places of Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand, there are even costumes, dolls, keyholders and lamps sold and worn in Krasue form. A Krasue features as
2016-408: The artificial lighting. Insects are the most obvious example, who are attracted by the lighting and are usually killed by either the heat or electrical current. Some species of frogs are blinded by the quick changes in light, while nocturnal migratory birds may be disoriented, causing them to lose direction, tire out, or be captured by predators. Sea turtles are particularly affected by this, adding to
2072-428: The change in their relatively constant light patterns, but temperate species relying on day-night triggers for behavioral patterns are also affected as well. Many diurnal species see the benefit of a "longer day", allowing for a longer hunting period which is detrimental to their nocturnal prey trying to avoid them. Light pollution can disorient species that are used to darkness, as their adaptive eyes are not as used to
2128-428: The cost. The increasing amount of habitat destruction worldwide as a result of human expansion has given both advantages and disadvantages to different nocturnal animals. As a result of peak human activity in the daytime, more species are likely to be active at night in order to avoid the new disturbance in their habitat. Carnivorous predators however are less timid of the disturbance, feeding on human waste and keeping
2184-449: The creature can be destroyed by burning it. The main foes of the Krasue are mobs of angry villagers carrying torches and machetes . They may catch the Krasue and kill it or watch where she goes before dawn and destroy her body. There is a legend said that the people who are wounded should be aware of the Krasue because it can smell the blood and will come to eat the blood at night when people fall asleep. However, there are ways to prevent
2240-399: The daytime. Crepuscular species, such as rabbits , skunks , tigers and hyenas , are often erroneously referred to as nocturnal. Cathemeral species, such as fossas and lions , are active both in the day and at night. While it is difficult to say which came first, nocturnality or diurnality, a hypothesis in evolutionary biology , the nocturnal bottleneck theory, postulates that in
2296-442: The head and neck as protection from the sunlight. This woman was then possessed by an evil spirit and was cursed to become a Krasue. Other popular legends claim that the origin of the spirit may have been a woman trying to learn black magic that made a mistake or used the wrong spell so that her head and body became separated. Past sins are also related to the transmission of the Krasue curse; women who aborted or killed someone in
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2352-484: The house as a barrier. This improvised thorny fence discourages the Ahp from coming to suck the blood and causing other suffering to the pregnant woman. After delivery, the woman's relatives must take the cut placenta far away for burial to hide it from the Ahp. If the placenta is buried deep enough the spirit will not be able to find it. It is believed that it would bring great calamities to the child and its family if an Ahp ate
2408-858: The intestines, heart, and lungs would not come off with the head. Countries where the Krasue tale is popular have adapted it to film. Several Thai films depict this spirit, including 1973 movie Krasue Sao (Ghosts of Guts Eater), Thai : กระสือสาว with Sombat Metanee , which features a fight between two Krasues, Krasue krahai lveat / Filth Eating Spirit' (1985) Itthirit Nam Man Phrai Thai : อิทธิฤทธิ์น้ำมันพราย (Oil of Eternal Life) made in 1984, with Tanid Pongmanoon and Praew Mardmarud, Krasue Kat Pop Thai : กระสือกัดปอบ (1990) with Bin Bunluerit and Trirak Rakkarndee, Krasue Krahailueat (Bloodthirsty Krasue), Thai : กระสือกระหายเลือด , made in 1995 with Thida Teerarat, Tamnan Krasue Thai : ตำนานกระสือ (Demonic Beauty) released in 2002, which ties
2464-399: The light, leaving slow-moving bats at a disadvantage. Another example is harbor seals eating juvenile salmon that moved down a river lit by nearby artificial lighting. Once the lights were turned off, predation levels decreased. Many diurnal prey species forced into being nocturnal are susceptible to nocturnal predators and those species with poor nocturnal eyesight often bear the brunt of
2520-424: The lower light levels at night. More specifically, they have been found to have a larger cornea relative to their eye size than diurnal creatures to increase their visual sensitivity : in the low-light conditions. Nocturnality helps wasps , such as Apoica flavissima , avoid hunting in intense sunlight. Diurnal animals, including humans (except for night owls ), squirrels and songbirds, are active during
2576-468: The main antagonist of the 2013 horror game Eyes: The Horror Game . This interpretation shows the Krasue as a woman who was abused by her husband to the point of death, being reincarnated as a ghost to enact revenge. The Krasue lurks around an abandoned mansion, where the player acts as the role of a thief, where they must retrieve an allocated amount of money bags (depends on difficulty), before being able to leave. The game's story-line, has some reference to
2632-408: The majority of the day when temperatures are warmer and are mainly active at night. They will only come out during the day if there are humid and cool conditions. Many plant species native to arid biomes have adapted so that their flowers only open at night when the sun's intense heat cannot wither and destroy their moist, delicate blossoms. These flowers are pollinated by bats, another creature of
2688-417: The mother's placenta. The Krasue is under a curse that makes it ever hungry and always active in the night when it goes out hunting to satisfy its gluttony , seeking blood to drink or raw flesh to devour. It may attack cattle or chickens in the darkness, drinking their blood and eating their internal organs. It may also prey on pieces of cattle, such as water buffalo that have died of other causes during
2744-551: The movie Ghosts of Guts Eater she has a halo around her head. The Krasue has been the subject of a number of films in the region, including My Mother Is Arb ( Khmer : កូនអើយ ម្តាយអាប ). Also known as Krasue Mom , this Cambodian horror film has the distinction of being the first film made in the People's Republic of Kampuchea after the absence of locally-made films and the repression of local folklore in Cambodia during
2800-581: The neck. The Krasue belongs to a constellation of similar mythological entities across different regions of Southeast Asia; these regional variations all share in common that they are characterized by a disembodied woman's head with organs and entrails hanging from its neck. Along with the Krasue , there is the Ahp ( Khmer : អាប ) in Cambodia ; the Kasu ( Lao : ກະສື , pronounced [kā.sɯ̌ː] ) in Laos ;
2856-428: The night time to prey on species that are used to avoiding diurnal predators. Some nocturnal fish species will use the moonlight to prey on zooplankton species that come to the surface at night. Some species have developed unique adaptations that allow them to hunt in the dark. Bats are famous for using echolocation to hunt down their prey, using sonar sounds to capture them in the dark. Another reason for nocturnality
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#17327909077632912-428: The night. Climate-change and the change in global temperatures has led to an increasing amount of diurnal species to push their activity patterns closer towards crepuscular or fully nocturnal behavior. This adaptive measure allows species to avoid the heat of the day, without having to leave that particular habitat. The exponential increase in human expansion and technological advances in the last few centuries has had
2968-432: The night. If blood is not available the Krasue may eat feces or carrion . Clothes left outside would be found soiled with blood and excrement in the morning, allegedly after she had wiped her mouth. Therefore, villagers would not leave clothes hanging to dry outside during the night hours. The Krasue hides the headless body from which it originates in a quiet place because it needs to join it before daybreak, living like
3024-613: The original folktale story, as the story talks of a "curse", and "flames", which is supposedly trapped in a photo. Nocturnality Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed senses of hearing , smell , and specially adapted eyesight . Some animals, such as cats and ferrets , have eyes that can adapt to both low-level and bright day levels of illumination (see metaturnal ). Others, such as bushbabies and (some) bats , can function only at night. Many nocturnal creatures including tarsiers and some owls have large eyes in comparison with their body size to compensate for
3080-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title AHP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AHP&oldid=1184650214 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3136-704: The timing of their movement for example. On a day-to-day basis, species can see significant changes in their internal temperatures, their general movement, feeding and body mass. These small scale changes can eventually lead to a population decline, as well as hurting local trophic levels and interconnecting species. Some typically diurnal species have even become crepuscular or nocturnal as a result of light pollution and general human disturbance. There have been documented effects of light pollution on reproductive cycles and factors in different species. It can affect mate choice , migration to breeding grounds, and nest site selection. In male green frogs , artificial light causes
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