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69-659: 53°52′55″N 1°54′17″W  /  53.8819°N 1.9048°W  / 53.8819; -1.9048 Airedale is a valley , or dale , in North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire , England . It is named after the River Aire , which flows through it. The upper valley, from Malham Cove to Airton , is known as Malhamdale , named after the village of Malham. At Airton the valley widens and becomes Airedale proper. The river flows past Skipton on to Keighley , Bingley , Shipley , and Leeds . Airedale, in conjunction with

138-414: A broader floodplain may result. Deposition dominates over erosion. A typical river basin or drainage basin will incorporate each of these different types of valleys. Some sections of a stream or river valleys may have vertically incised their course to such an extent that the valley they occupy is best described as a gorge , ravine , or canyon . Rapid down-cutting may result from localized uplift of

207-533: A cirque glacier. During glacial periods, for example, the Pleistocene ice ages, it is in these locations that glaciers initially form and then, as the ice age proceeds, extend downhill through valleys that have previously been shaped by water rather than ice. Abrasion by rock material embedded within the moving glacial ice causes the widening and deepening of the valley to produce the characteristic U or trough shape with relatively steep, even vertical sides and

276-519: A five-year agreement with UK Coal for 3.5 million tonnes of higher-sulphur coal. In December 2013, SSE announced that Ferrybridge would opt out from (not comply with) the EU Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU); this would require the plant to close by the end of 2023, or on completing 17,500 hours of operation after 1 January 2016. The units without FGD (1 and 2) were closed on 28 March 2014, having completed

345-610: A further four on 13 October. The main boiler house, bunker bay and two chimney stacks were demolished on 22 August 2021. The final three cooling towers were demolished on 17 March 2022. Land at Ferrybridge was purchased by the Yorkshire Electric Power Company in 1917. Plans for a power station were prepared and submitted to the Board of Trade in March 1918. Because of a system change the following year with

414-463: A gas-fired power station, to be named Ferrybridge D, and build a 9km gas pipeline to connect it to the gas transmission system. Parts of 'C' station – including three of the original cooling towers, the electricity switch house and the substation – were going to be retained for its use. The plans were not taken forward, and in April 2020 the application to reserve capacity on the gas transmission network

483-567: A generating capacity of 125 MW. Ferrybridge A's boiler room and turbine hall still stand today. The buildings are now used as offices and workshops, by the RWE npower Technical Support Group, who are responsible for the maintenance and repairs of power station plant from around the country. Ferrybridge B Power Station was constructed in the 1950s. It generated electricity using three 100  megawatt (MW) generating sets, which were commissioned between 1957 and 1959. The station originally had

552-818: A height of 115 m (377 ft), none of which remain at the site after the final demolition of the cooling towers on 17 March 2022. Ownership passed to Powergen (1989) after the privatisation of the Central Electricity Generating Board . In 1998, during the 1990s "dash for gas" , Powergen closed Unit 4. In 1999 the power station, along with Fiddlers Ferry in Cheshire, was sold to Edison Mission Energy . Both stations were then sold on to AEP Energy Services Ltd ( American Electric Power ) in 2001, before both were sold again to SSE plc in July 2004 for £136 million. In 2005, SSE took

621-479: A hopper house, together with an oil siding. The automatic unloading equipment for the coal trains was built by Rhymney Engineering , a Powell Duffryn company. It used ultrasonic detection , capable of dealing with up to 99 wagons in a train (though initially trains had 35 hopper wagons ), to control the door-opening gear to empty 5 wagons at a time into the bunkers. The plant's two chimneys were 198 m (650 ft) high. The eight cooling towers were built to

690-594: A narrow valley with steep sides. Gill is used to describe a ravine containing a mountain stream in Cumbria and the Pennines . The term combe (also encountered as coombe ) is widespread in southern England and describes a short valley set into a hillside. Other terms for small valleys such as hope, dean, slade, slack and bottom are commonly encountered in place-names in various parts of England but are no longer in general use as synonyms for valley . The term vale

759-432: A relatively flat bottom. Interlocking spurs associated with the development of river valleys are preferentially eroded to produce truncated spurs , typical of glaciated mountain landscapes. The upper end of the trough below the ice-contributing cirques may be a trough-end . Valley steps (or 'rock steps') can result from differing erosion rates due to both the nature of the bedrock (hardness and jointing for example) and

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828-611: A site next to the junction of the M62 and A1(M) motorways. The first station, Ferrybridge A, was constructed in the mid-1920s and closed in 1976. Ferrybridge B was brought into operation in the 1950s and closed in the early 1990s. In 1966, Ferrybridge C power station was opened with a generating capacity of 2 GW from four Hinton Heavies 500 MW sets; constructed by the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB); on privatisation in 1989 ownership

897-465: A slower rate than that of the main valley floor; thus the difference in the two valleys' depth increases over time. The tributary valley, composed of more resistant rock, then hangs over the main valley. Trough-shaped valleys also form in regions of heavy topographic denudation . By contrast with glacial U-shaped valleys, there is less downward and sideways erosion. The severe downslope denudation results in gently sloping valley sides; their transition to

966-503: A total generating capacity of 300 MW, but by the 1990s this was recorded as 285 MW. Ferrybridge B was one of the CEGB's twenty steam power stations with the highest thermal efficiency; in 1963–4 the thermal efficiency was 32.34 per cent, 31.98 per cent in 1964–5, and 31.96 per cent in 1965–6. The annual electricity output of Ferrybridge B was: After the UK's electric supply industry

1035-427: A valley between its sides is referred to as the valley floor. The valley floor is typically formed by river sediments and may have fluvial terraces . The development of a river valley is affected by the character of the bedrock over which the river or stream flows, the elevational difference between its top and bottom, and indeed the climate. Typically the flow will increase downstream and the gradient will decrease. In

1104-510: A variety of transitional forms between V-, U- and plain valleys can form. The floor or bottom of these valleys can be broad or narrow, but all valleys have a shoulder. The broader a mountain valley, the lower its shoulders are located in most cases. An important exception is canyons where the shoulder almost is near the top of the valley's slope. In the Alps – e.g. the Tyrolean Inn valley –

1173-551: A year in 1,000-ton Merry-go-round trains at the rate of 17 a day) and road transport and barge (initially 1m. tons on the Aire and Calder Navigation ). Barge transport ended in the late 1990s. Rail transport comprised a branch off the adjacent Swinton and Milford Junction line. Facilities include a west-facing junction on the Swinton line, two coal discharge lines (No. 1 track and No. 2 track), gross- and tare-weight weighbridges,

1242-405: Is a tributary valley that is higher than the main valley. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys, where a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. The main glacier erodes a deep U-shaped valley with nearly vertical sides, while the tributary glacier, with a smaller volume of ice, makes a shallower U-shaped valley. Since the surfaces of the glaciers were originally at

1311-433: Is largely upfaulted Carboniferous limestone . The middle section between Skipton and Knottingley is peat and gritstone, with steep valley walls crested with moorland prevalent between Skipton and Shipley. The sandstone deposits between Skipton and Leeds have characterised the buildings within this part of Airedale, whilst the deposits of Limestone, Coal , Fireclay and Ironstone fuelled industrial developments. Airedale

1380-681: Is notable for several tourist sites and the World Heritage Site of Saltaire village. Other attractions include the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway , Bingley Five Rise Locks , the Shipley Glen Tramway , East Riddlesden Hall , Rodley Nature Reserve , Kirkstall Abbey , the Royal Armouries (Leeds) , St Aidan's Nature Reserve and Fairburn Ings Nature Reserve . Many of the former woollen and cotton mills of

1449-501: Is only 50 meters (160 ft) deep while the main fjord is around 1,300 meters (4,300 ft) at the same point. Glaciated terrain is not the only site of hanging streams and valleys. Hanging valleys are also simply the product of varying rates of erosion of the main valley and the tributary valleys. The varying rates of erosion are associated with the composition of the adjacent rocks in the different valley locations. The tributary valleys are eroded and deepened by glaciers or erosion at

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1518-488: Is the word cwm borrowed from Welsh . The word dale occurs widely in place names in the north of England and, to a lesser extent, in southern Scotland. As a generic name for a type of valley, the term typically refers to a wide valley, though there are many much smaller stream valleys within the Yorkshire Dales which are named "(specific name) Dale". Clough is a word in common use in northern England for

1587-629: Is used in England and Wales to describe a wide river valley, usually with a particularly wide flood plain or flat valley bottom. In Southern England, vales commonly occur between the outcrops of different relatively erosion-resistant rock formations, where less resistant rock, often claystone has been eroded. An example is the Vale of White Horse in Oxfordshire. Some of the first human complex societies originated in river valleys, such as that of

1656-593: The Airedale Terrier , the largest of the terrier group of dogs. They were first bred in the area in the nineteenth century. Valley At lower latitudes and altitudes, these glacially formed valleys may have been created or enlarged during ice ages but now are ice-free and occupied by streams or rivers. In desert areas, valleys may be entirely dry or carry a watercourse only rarely. In areas of limestone bedrock , dry valleys may also result from drainage now taking place underground rather than at

1725-542: The Central Electricity Generating Board . Work began on Ferrybridge C in 1961. The architects were the Building Design Partnership. There were two chimneys and the eight cooling towers were arranged in a lozenge pattern on side of the building. On 1 November 1965, three of the cooling towers collapsed due to vibrations from Kármán turbulence in 85 mph (137 km/h) winds. Although the structures had been built to withstand higher wind speeds,

1794-683: The Electricity (Supply) Act 1919 , the plans were put on hold. The plans were resubmitted to the Electricity Commissioners in January 1920. The plans were finally granted permission in November 1921, but delayed by a supply area reshuffle. A 135 acres (55 ha) site was chosen with good access to coal, water, and good transport links including water transport. Construction of Ferrybridge A power station began in 1926 and

1863-629: The Iron Age . The peoples that occupied the Aire Valley (and much of north eastern England) were called Brigantes by the Romans . Transport improved in the 18th and 19th centuries with the building of the Aire and Calder Navigation and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal . The railways arrived from the 1830s onwards and during the twentieth century the roads were vastly improved in the valley. Airedale

1932-598: The Latin terms for 'valley, 'gorge' and 'ditch' respectively. The German term ' rille ' or Latin term 'rima' (signifying 'cleft') is used for certain other elongate depressions on the Moon. See also: Ferrybridge power stations The Ferrybridge power stations were a series of three coal-fired power stations on the River Aire near Ferrybridge in West Yorkshire , England, in operation from 1927 to 2016 on

2001-504: The Nile , Tigris-Euphrates , Indus , Ganges , Yangtze , Yellow River , Mississippi , and arguably the Amazon . In prehistory , the rivers were used as a source of fresh water and food (fish and game), as well as a place to wash and a sewer. The proximity of water moderated temperature extremes and provided a source for irrigation , stimulating the development of agriculture . Most of

2070-598: The Ribble Valley , provides low-altitude passes from Yorkshire to Lancashire through the Aire Gap . It is therefore an important transport route and was a strategically important area historically. The upper Aire valley was formed 12,000 years ago by a retreating glacier. A moraine formed in the Cononley area and the lake stretched as far north as Gargrave . Colonisation by man developed later on, especially during

2139-601: The Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change , Chris Huhne , officially opened a carbon capture pilot plant at Ferrybridge Power Station. The carbon capture plant was constructed in partnership with Doosan Power Systems , Vattenfall and the Technology Strategy Board . The plant had a capacity of 100 tonnes of CO 2 per day, equivalent to 0.005 GW of power. The capture method used amine chemistry (see Amine gas treating ). The CO 2

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2208-668: The first civilizations developed from these river valley communities. Siting of settlements within valleys is influenced by many factors, including the need to avoid flooding and the location of river crossing points. Numerous elongate depressions have been identified on the surface of Mars , Venus , the Moon , and other planets and their satellites and are known as valles (singular: 'vallis'). Deeper valleys with steeper sides (akin to canyons) on certain of these bodies are known as chasmata (singular: 'chasma'). Long narrow depressions are referred to as fossae (singular: 'fossa'). These are

2277-603: The 20,000 operating hours permitted under the LCPD. On 31 July 2014 a serious fire broke out in Ferrybridge Unit C. The fire was understood to have started in the fourth generating unit, with the no.3 unit also affected. Neither unit was operational at the time of the fire, due to maintenance. At its height some 75 firefighters tackled 100 ft (30m) high flames, after the blaze broke out at about 14:00 BST. A plant used to remove sulphur dioxide from gases produced from

2346-453: The Aire Valley from the city centre up to junction 45 of the M1 (known as Gateway 45 ). This houses several manufacturing and food companies. The names Aire and Airedale are associated with many things and areas. Most notable in the valley are Airedale General Hospital , Aireborough (a region comprising mostly Wharfedale towns) and Airedale , a suburb of Castleford. The area gives its name to

2415-524: The Scandinavian ice sheet during the various ice ages advanced slightly uphill against the lie of the land. As a result, its meltwaters flowed parallel to the ice margin to reach the North Sea basin, forming huge, flat valleys known as Urstromtäler . Unlike the other forms of glacial valleys, these were formed by glacial meltwaters. Depending on the topography , the rock types , and the climate ,

2484-511: The actual valley bottom is unclear. Trough-shaped valleys occur mainly in periglacial regions and in tropical regions of variable wetness. Both climates are dominated by heavy denudation. Box valleys have wide, relatively level floors and steep sides. They are common in periglacial areas and occur in mid-latitudes, but also occur in tropical and arid regions. Rift valleys, such as the Albertine Rift and Gregory Rift are formed by

2553-679: The areas adjacent to the River Aire and its tributaries. The Aire Catchment Flood Management Plan (CFMP), which takes into account all the becks and streams that feed the river, lists the Worth Valley and most of Bradford City as part of Airedale. Similarly, the Airedale Partnership's Masterplan, which is sponsored by Bradford Council, shows the same boundaries as the Aire CFMP. The upper section between Malham and Skipton

2622-628: The dale have been demolished or converted into housing. The heavy industry east of Leeds is still in existence and two of the three coal fired powers stations in the lower section take their water from the River Aire. Industry that lies alongside the Aire includes Ferrybridge , Eggborough and Drax power stations, Eggborough Saint Gobain glassworks, Stolze and Allied Glass in Knottingley and Kellingley Colliery . Leeds City Council have an enterprise zone that covers 400 acres of regenerated land along

2691-569: The decision to fit Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) to the plant, installing equipment to scrub half of Ferrybridge's output; the decision was required to partially meet the specifications of the Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD). In 2008 the boilers were fitted with Boosted Over Fire Air in order to reduce the NOx emissions. In 2009 FGD was commissioned on Units 3 and 4. The installation of FGD allowed SSE to sign

2760-458: The demolition, and chose to demolish the three structures at the same time so that only one evacuation was necessary. The final three cooling towers, at first intended to be kept for a future gas-fired power station, were demolished on 17 March 2022 and the site was offered for sale. The power station demolition was completed in October 2022. In 2018, SSE had plans to redevelop the site for

2829-481: The design only considered average wind speeds over one minute and neglected shorter gusts. Furthermore, the grouped shape of the cooling towers meant that westerly winds were funnelled into the towers themselves, creating a vortex . The remaining five were severely damaged. The destroyed towers were rebuilt to a higher specification and the five surviving towers were strengthened to tolerate adverse weather conditions. Commission of Ferrybridge C began in 1966: one unit

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2898-612: The expansion of the Earth 's crust due to tectonic activity beneath the Earth's surface. There are many terms used for different sorts of valleys. They include: Similar geographical features such as gullies , chines , and kloofs , are not usually referred to as valleys. The terms corrie , glen , and strath are all Anglicisations of Gaelic terms and are commonly encountered in place-names in Scotland and other areas where Gaelic

2967-443: The flow slower and both erosion and deposition may take place. More lateral erosion takes place in the middle section of a river's course, as strong currents on the outside of its curve erode the bank. Conversely, deposition may take place on the inside of curves where the current is much slacker, the process leading to the river assuming a meandering character. In the lower valley, gradients are lowest, meanders may be much broader and

3036-427: The land surface or rejuvenation of the watercourse as a result for example of a reduction in the base level to which the river is eroded, e.g. lowered global sea level during an ice age . Such rejuvenation may also result in the production of river terraces . There are various forms of valleys associated with glaciation. True glacial valleys are those that have been cut by a glacier which may or may not still occupy

3105-418: The main generating sets the plant originally had four gas turbines with a combined capacity of 68 MW. Two were retired in the late 1990s reducing capacity to 34 MW. These units are used to start the plant in the absence of an external power supply. The generating capacity, electricity output and thermal efficiency were as shown in the table. Coal supply was by rail transport (initially 4m. tons

3174-463: The ocean or perhaps an internal drainage basin . In polar areas and at high altitudes, valleys may be eroded by glaciers ; these typically have a U-shaped profile in cross-section, in contrast to river valleys, which tend to have a V-shaped profile. Other valleys may arise principally through tectonic processes such as rifting . All three processes can contribute to the development of a valley over geological time. The flat (or relatively flat) portion of

3243-412: The official closure date would be 31 March. Cooling Tower six stood 114 metres (374 ft) high and was the first to be demolished, using explosives on 28 July 2019. A further four cooling towers were demolished on 13 October 2019, leaving three standing. The main boiler house, bunker bay and two 198-metre (650 ft) high chimney stacks were demolished on 22 August 2021. All were demolished at

3312-436: The power of the moving ice. In places, a rock basin may be excavated which may later be filled with water to form a ribbon lake or else by sediments. Such features are found in coastal areas as fjords . The shape of the valley which results from all of these influences may only become visible upon the recession of the glacier that forms it. A river or stream may remain in the valley; if it is smaller than one would expect given

3381-704: The power station caught fire. The black smoke coming from the coal-fired power station affected nearby roads, including the M62 , with drivers and householders advised to keep windows shut. No injuries were recorded as the site was quiet due to the summer shutdown. The fire resulted in a partial collapse of the structure. As the fire was in the absorber tower, it destroyed Unit 4's FGD capability. Unit 3, which had received minor damage, returned to service on 29 October 2014. Unit 4 resumed service on 15 December 2014, although without its FGD it could only run by burning very low sulphur coal and in tandem with Unit 3. The very low sulphur coal ran out in March 2015 and therefore Unit 4

3450-446: The same elevation , the shallower valley appears to be 'hanging' above the main valley. Often, waterfalls form at or near the outlet of the upper valley. Hanging valleys also occur in fjord systems underwater. The branches of Sognefjord are much shallower than the main fjord. The mouth of Fjærlandsfjord is about 400 meters (1,300 ft) deep while the main fjord nearby is 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) deep. The mouth of Ikjefjord

3519-459: The same time because when a controlled demolition takes place there has to be an exclusion zone for safety. There is a housing development near the power station and during the COVID-19 restrictions, Keltbray and SSE were not allowed to evacuate the houses while social distancing guidelines required households to be 2 metres (6ft) apart. Once the restrictions were lifted they were able to carry out

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3588-550: The shoulders are quite low (100–200 meters above the bottom). Many villages are located here (esp. on the sunny side) because the climate is very mild: even in winter when the valley's floor is filled with fog, these villages are in sunshine . In some stress-tectonic regions of the Rocky Mountains or the Alps (e.g. Salzburg ), the side valleys are parallel to each other, and are hanging . Smaller streams flow into rivers as deep canyons or waterfalls . A hanging valley

3657-849: The size of its valley, it can be considered an example of a misfit stream . Other interesting glacially carved valleys include: A tunnel valley is a large, long, U-shaped valley originally cut under the glacial ice near the margin of continental ice sheets such as that now covering Antarctica and formerly covering portions of all continents during past glacial ages. Such valleys can be up to 100 km (62 mi) long, 4 km (2.5 mi) wide, and 400 m (1,300 ft) deep (its depth may vary along its length). Tunnel valleys were formed by subglacial water erosion . They once served as subglacial drainage pathways carrying large volumes of meltwater. Their cross-sections exhibit steep-sided flanks similar to fjord walls, and their flat bottoms are typical of subglacial glacial erosion. In northern Central Europe,

3726-487: The station began operating in 1927. The initial station covered 32 acres (13 ha) of the site. The main buildings contained the boilers, turbines, and offices and workshops, and a smaller building housed the electrical switchgear. Transport facilities included sidings connected to the Dearne Valley line with equipment for handling wagons up to 20 t, and a river wharf for transport by barge. Wagon unloading

3795-520: The surface. Rift valleys arise principally from earth movements , rather than erosion. Many different types of valleys are described by geographers, using terms that may be global in use or else applied only locally. Valleys may arise through several different processes. Most commonly, they arise from erosion over long periods by moving water and are known as river valleys. Typically small valleys containing streams feed into larger valleys which in turn feed into larger valleys again, eventually reaching

3864-518: The two plants to allow both to be rail served. Both plants were built by Multifuel Energy Limited, a 50:50 joint venture between SSE and Wheelabrator, a division of American company Waste Management . As of 2015 , generated power was purchased by SSE. SSE sold its share of the joint venture to First Sentier Investors in January 2021, as part of a programme of disposal of non-core assets. A 150 MW / 300 MWh (2-hour) battery started construction in 2023, scheduled for 2024. On 30 November 2011,

3933-407: The upper valley, the stream will most effectively erode its bed through corrasion to produce a steep-sided V-shaped valley. The presence of more resistant rock bands, of geological faults , fractures , and folds may determine the course of the stream and result in a twisting course with interlocking spurs . In the middle valley, as numerous streams have coalesced, the valley is typically wider,

4002-407: The valley at the present day. Such valleys may also be known as glacial troughs. They typically have a U-shaped cross-section and are characteristic landforms of mountain areas where glaciation has occurred or continues to take place. The uppermost part of a glacial valley frequently consists of one or more 'armchair-shaped' hollows, or ' cirques ', excavated by the rotational movement downslope of

4071-741: Was brought on line, feeding electricity into the National Grid , on 27 February 1966. Units 2, 3 and 4 were all commissioned by the end of 1967. Following the cooling tower accident, it was planned that the station would not be opened for some time after the scheduled date. However it was possible to connect one of the remaining towers to the now complete Unit 1. The reconstruction of the destroyed towers began in April 1966 and had been completed by 1968. Ferrybridge C Power Station had four 500 MW generating sets known as units 1–4. There were four boilers rated at 435 kg/s, steam conditions were 158.58 bar at 566/566 °C reheat. In addition to

4140-908: Was by a side tipper, into an automated weigher and then conveyors, and barge unloading was by a crane into the weighing machine. The cooling water intakes were 550 ft (170 m) upstream of the wharves, initially with two filtered intakes with a minimum capacity (low water) of 3,000,000 imp gal (14,000 m ) of water per hour. The power generating equipment included eight 75,000 lb (34,000 kg) per hour water boiling capacity water tube boilers arranged in pairs, sharing air draught and chimneys (166 ft (51 m) height). The boilers were designed to produce superheated steam at 315 psi (21.4 atm) at 700 °F (371 °C) The turbine/generator section had two 3,000  rpm three stage reaction turbines driving alternators rated at 19 MW continuous. The alternators produced 50 Hz 3 phase  AC at 11 kV, which

4209-410: Was cancelled. In October 2011, SSE was granted Section 36 planning permission to construct a 68 MW waste-to-energy plant at its Ferrybridge site. The 68 MW plant was designed to burn mixed fuel including biomass, general waste and waste wood. The plant became operational during 2015. In late 2013 consultations began for a second multifuel plant "Ferrybridge Multifuel 2" (FM2). The plant

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4278-471: Was initially specified to be similar in scale to the first plant, and to have a capacity of up to 90 MW. It occupied part of the course at Ferrybridge Golf Club, and in 2013 SSE undertook to provide a replacement nine-hole course and clubhouse nearby. Construction of MF2 began in 2016, was completed late 2019, and it was commissioned in December of that year. A rail unloading terminal was built between

4347-454: Was later announced that the plant would be fully closed by March 2016. Ferrybridge Multifuel 1 is a 68 MW multi-fuel energy-from-waste plant at the site which became operational in 2015. Ferrybridge Multifuel 2 is a 70 MW multi-fuel plant built alongside the MF1 plant, which became operational in 2019. On 28 July 2019, one of Ferrybridge's cooling towers was demolished, followed by

4416-414: Was once widespread. Strath signifies a wide valley between hills, the floor of which is either level or slopes gently. A glen is a river valley which is steeper and narrower than a strath. A corrie is a basin-shaped hollow in a mountain. Each of these terms also occurs in parts of the world formerly colonized by Britain . Corrie is used more widely by geographers as a synonym for (glacial) cirque , as

4485-521: Was passed to Powergen , then to Edison Mission Energy (1999), then to AEP Energy Services ( American Electric Power ) (2001) and to SSE plc (2004). Ferrybridge C closed in March 2016. Two of the four units were fitted with flue-gas desulphurisation (FGD) plant in 2009. In 2013 SSE indicated that the power station would not comply with the Industrial Emissions Directive , requiring the plant's closure by 2023 or earlier. It

4554-540: Was privatised in 1990, the station was operated by PowerGen . The station closed in 1992 and has since been completely demolished. In 2006 LaFarge began construction of a plasterboard factory adjacent to the Ferrybridge C power station on the site of the former Ferrybridge B station to use the Calcium Sulphate ( Gypsum ) produced by FGD. The power station was originally built for and operated by

4623-451: Was shut, leaving only Unit 3 in operation for the final year of generation. After the fire, only Unit 3 remained in full operation causing energy output to decrease and leading to a rise in the cost of running it. In May 2015 SSE confirmed that the plant would close in early 2016, after estimating that it would lose £100 million over the next five years. Electricity generation ceased around midday on 23 March 2016, with SSE stating that

4692-741: Was stepped up to 33 kV by two sets of three single phase transformers rated at 25 MW per set. The station passed into the ownership of the British Electricity Authority on the nationalisation of the UK's power industry, with the Electricity Act 1947 . This company in turn became the Central Electricity Authority in 1954. The annual electricity output of the A station was: The station closed on 25 October 1976, at which point it had

4761-492: Was wholly within the West Riding of Yorkshire until the reform of local government in 1974. The upper valley is within the Yorkshire Dales and Yorkshire Dales National Park . From Aire Springs the river flows past Skipton and Keighley, through Bingley, Saltaire , Shipley and into Leeds. Until this point the river is essentially swift flowing and fed by streams and becks . The broad definition of Airedale includes all

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