Vice admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, usually equivalent to lieutenant general and air marshal . A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral .
47-736: Vice-Admiral Aiskew Paffard Hollis ( c. 1764 – 23 June 1844) was a Royal Navy officer of the early nineteenth century who is best known for his service in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars . Born in the 1760s, Hollis entered the Navy in 1774 and served during the American Revolutionary War , seeing action at the Battle of Ushant and the French Revolutionary Wars in which he
94-670: A midshipman in the American War of Independence , first in the West Indies and later in the English Channel in a succession of frigates. By 1778 he was serving in HMS Valiant , which was engaged in the Battle of Ushant under Admiral Augustus Keppel . He was promoted to lieutenant in 1781 and remained in the Navy following the end of the war, serving in a number of ships before, in 1793, joining HMS Queen at
141-451: A vice-amiral -ranking officer. The vice-amiral rank used to be an OF-8 rank in NATO charts, but nowadays, it is more an OF-7 rank. The rank of vice-amiral d'escadre (literally, " squadron vice-admiral ", with more precision, "fleet vice-admiral") equals a NATO OF-8 rank. In the ancien régime Navy, between 1669 and 1791. The office of "Vice-Admiral of France" ( Vice-amiral de France )
188-441: A St. Edward's Crown located on cloth shoulder straps. Vice-admirals are addressed by rank and name; thereafter by subordinates as "Sir" or "Ma'am". Vice-admirals are normally entitled to a staff car ; the car will normally bear a flag, dark blue with three gold maple leaves arranged one over two. A vice-admiral generally holds only the most senior command or administrative appointments, barring only Chief of Defence Staff , which
235-486: A crew of eight. Only three bodies washed ashore, one of them on Anholt; the others were never recovered. A daily ferry from Grenå on the eastern coast of Jutland takes about three hours to reach Anholt. The ferry detours around the wind farm, which will compensate for the increased fuel consumption in order to maintain sailing schedules. Anholt has an airport ( ICAO : EKAT ) with a 650 m-long (2,130 ft) grass runway. There are daily flights to Anholt during
282-486: A fishing harbour for the island. The construction was finished and the port entered service in 1902. The harbour functioned as a safe haven in storms for the vessels fishing in the Kattegat, as well as a home port for Anholt's own fishermen. Today there is a marina at the harbour and the ferry docks here too. In 2003 Anholt celebrated the 100th anniversary of the opening, but one year late. The first rescue facility on
329-533: A nursery rhyme brought to the island by British soldiers during the Napoleonic Wars. Denmark remained neutral during the war and neither side ventured into the Kattegat until late in the war when the British laid a minefield in the path of German merchantmen. During the operation the mines managed to sink 10 German trawlers off Anholt. There were several World War II sinkings off Anholt. There
376-419: A veteran battalion, and a few marine artillery, which form by many degrees the most considerable portion of the population, for, exclusive of the military and their appendages of wives and children, there are but sixteen families on the island, who all reside at the only village on it, near the high ground to the westward, and whose principal occupation is fishing, in which they are generally very successful during
423-549: Is a moraine landscape. The small village is situated in the middle of the landscape, whereas the harbour (built 1902) is at the northwestern tip of the island. The eastern part of the island is known as Ørkenen ( the desert ). This desert-like area is the largest of its kind in Northern Europe. The desertification was caused by deforestation . It is not a true desert , but a lichen heath , with some 300 to 400 types of lichen. Great efforts are being taken to preserve
470-506: Is a small graveyard on Anholt that holds the remains of five allied airmen. Three are from an Avro Lancaster of 428 (RCAF) Squadron that crashed into the Baltic on 30 August 1944 on a raid to Stettin. Another grave is of Flying Officer Ronald Kenneth Stratford DFM of 460 (RAAF); his Lancaster was also shot down on a raid to Stettin on 30 August 1944. On 15 December a Ju 88 night fighter shot down an Avro Lancaster of 106 Squadron , which had
517-584: Is held by a full admiral or general . Appointments held by vice-admirals may include: Charles III holds the honorary rank of vice admiral in the Royal Canadian Navy. In France , vice-amiral is the most senior of the ranks in the French Navy ; higher ranks, vice-amiral d'escadre and amiral , are permanent functions, styles and positions (in French rangs et appellations ) given to
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#1732773099576564-557: Is part of Norddjurs Municipality in Region Midtjylland . Before the 2007 municipal reform , it was in Grenå Municipality . The western fifth of Anholt consists of hilly moraine country, while the eastern four-fifths of the island consist of mostly flat raised seabed with some low hills, former wind-blown sand dunes. Only the western moraine hills are inhabited. The eastern part, called "Ørkenen" ( The Desert )
611-430: Is senior to a rear-admiral and major general , and junior to an admiral and general . The rank insignia of a Canadian vice-admiral is as follows: Two rows of gold oak leaves are located on the black visor of the white service cap. From 1968 to June 2010, the navy blue service dress tunic featured only a wide gold braid around the cuff with three gold maple leaves, beneath crossed sword and baton, all surmounted by
658-739: Is the equivalent of air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force and lieutenant general in the Australian Army . In the Royal Canadian Navy , the rank of vice-admiral (VAdm) ( vice-amiral or Vam in French ) is equivalent to lieutenant-general of the Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force . A vice-admiral is a flag officer , the naval equivalent of a general officer . A vice-admiral
705-646: Is treeless; the government has protected the area and permits no building there. The desert has never been ploughed. For this reason the original Stone Age topography from when the glaciation ceased, at the end of the last ice age 10,000 years ago, is still visible in many places. This includes former shorelines inland, consequences of different sea levels over time. The unploughed features of The Desert are unique for Denmark, as well as for this part of Europe. The inhabited part of Anholt has two villages, The Harbour and Anholt Town, inland. There are also 300 to 400 summer houses, some of them rentals. The western part of Anholt
752-639: Is used in most of NATO countries, it is ranked differently depending on the country. Anholt (Denmark) Anholt ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈænˌhʌlˀt] ) is a Danish island in the Kattegat , midway between Jutland and Sweden at the entrance to the North Sea in Northern Europe. There were 150 permanent residents as of 1 January 2022. Anholt is seven mi (11 km) long and about four mi (6.4 km) wide at its widest, and covers an area of 21.75 km (8.40 sq mi). Anholt
799-556: The 16-gun brig HMS Fly was wrecked on Anholt, but without loss of life, as the British garrison on the island were able to rescue the crew. The British held Anholt until the Treaty of Kiel , which was signed on 15 January 1814, ended the war and returned the islands to Denmark. In the 1940s a British visitor heard children reciting a verse which they did not understand the meaning of: " Jeck og Jill vent op de hill, og Jill kom tombling after ". The ditty, it turned out, had been
846-399: The Baltic. The principal objective of the mission was to restore the lighthouse on the island to its pre-war state to facilitate the movement of British men of war and merchantmen navigating the dangerous seas there. The Danes, upon hearing of their defeat, attempted to retake the island and launched an expedition. However, the battle of Anholt resulted in a significant British victory and
893-519: The Danes made no further attempts to recapture the island. There is a monument commemorating the battle in Anholt village. While captain of HMS Elephant , Francis Austen visited Anholt in 1812 and wrote about it to his sister, the novelist Jane Austen . He described the lighthouse in some detail and also gave some impressions of the island: The garrison at present consists of about three men of
940-413: The Kattegat, between Anholt island and Djursland (on the mainland). It consists of 111 wind turbines and has a nameplate capacity of 400 megawatts (MW). As of 2014 , it was Denmark's largest marine wind park and among the five largest marine wind parks in the world. It provides energy to the island to replace much of the current diesel-powered electricity. The main part of the electricity is distributed to
987-685: The Mediterranean Fleet, especially in the Adriatic Sea . He later served with the Channel Fleet and was on convoy duty off South America when the war ended. Following the end of the Napoleonic Wars he took command of HMS Rivoli and then HMS Ramillies , serving as acting commander at Portsmouth for several long periods and in 1820 entertaining King George IV during a visit to the dockyard. He did not hold an active commission after 1820, but remained in service and rose to
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#17327730995761034-526: The Spanish coastline before being sent back to Britain with his ship. Thames was decommissioned soon afterward and Hollis given command of HMS Mermaid , sailing to the West Indies in 1804, and was anchored at Havana when war broke out between Britain and Spain. To avoid his ship being seized, Hollis was forced to warp out of the harbour at night just before the Spanish attacked his ship. Mermaid
1081-543: The assistance of Captain Edward Nicolls of the Standard ' s marines, landed. The Danish garrison of 170 men put up a sharp but ineffectual resistance that killed one marine and wounded two; the garrison then capitulated. The British took immediate possession of the island. Hollis stated that Anholt was important as a source of water to the Navy, and as a good anchorage for merchant vessels going to or coming from
1128-466: The crown. In 1441 the island was under the administration of Kalø Lehn, headed by Otto Nielsen Rosenkrands. Anholt belonged to the parish of Morup in the Danish province of Halland until the middle of the 16th century, when a church was built on the island itself. The island remained Danish when Denmark ceded Halland to Sweden in 1645. A story claims that a negotiator had left a glass of beer placed over
1175-584: The greater and protected part of the island. Early in the Gunboat War (part of the Napoleonic Wars ), the Danish authorities shut off the lighthouse on Anholt. On 5 December 1808, the bomb ketch HMS Proselyte was wrecked on the Anholt Reef while trapped in floating ice; the Danes rescued all her crew and immediately made them prisoners of war . Proselyte had stationed herself off
1222-513: The highest rank in the Polish Navy. Józef Unrug was one of the only two officers to achieve the rank. The other was Jerzy Świrski . Poland had only one sovereign sea port, Port of Gdynia , and was slowly building a small modern navy that was to be ready by 1950. The navy was not a priority for obvious reasons. At present, it is a "two-star" rank. The stars are not used; however, the stars were used in between 1952 and 1956 and are still used in
1269-576: The island on 9 November 1808, to carry a light for the safety of passing convoys. Following the loss of Proselyte , on 18 May 1809, the 64-gun third rate HMS Standard , under Captain Askew Paffard Hollis , the 36-gun frigate Owen Glendower , Avenger , Ranger , Rose , and the gunvessel Snipe captured the island. A party of seamen and marines under the command of Captain William Selby of Owen Glendower , with
1316-530: The island on the map during the peace negotiations. A more plausible explanation is that Swedish forces had not conquered the fairly remote island and had little interest in it. In 1668 Anholt was sold to the tax farmer Peder Jensen Grove. Six years later his widow married Hans Rostgaard of Krogerup and the island then came at the hands of the Rostgaard von der Maase family . Most recently , lawyer Jens Christian Rostgaard von der Maase, of Copenhagen, has owned
1363-490: The island was established in 1878 at the lighthouse. It was abandoned in 1926. The second rescue facility was built in 1919, but abandoned in 1938. Today there is a rescue vessel stationed at a mole in the harbour. Over the last 200 years over 200 vessels have foundered near Anholt. 60,000 people visit Anholt each year. From the end of June to the first half of August the harbor is a tourist resort with restaurants and shops. Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, and German yachts are among
1410-494: The lighthouse, near the end of the several miles long reef. This floating light operated from May to December. Today's tower dates to 1881, at which time an oil lamp replaced the fire. At one time there was also a beacon fire in the middle of the east coast of the island, but that has disappeared. The present Anholt Fyr (lighthouse) belongs to the Danish Maritime Safety Administration and has
1457-574: The main route through Danish waters from the North Sea to the Baltic. Despite the bascule light, on 10/11 November 1716 the 60-gun third-rate HMS Auguste , Captain Robert Johnson, ran ashore on the island of Anholt during heavy weather and was wrecked. Most of the people on her were saved. An ecological consequence of the introduction of the bascule light was the deforestation of Anholt for firewood, resulting in Anholt's "desert" . By
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1504-406: The mainland via a sea cable to Jutland, entering land by the town Grenå. Fishermen have been compensated for the loss of fisheries during construction. With the wind farm complete, net fishing is allowed, but trawling is banned inside the park area. The school, north of the meeting house, was built in 1917 and enlarged in 1956. It teaches students from kindergarten to year nine. The present church
1551-490: The most common sailing boats seen at Anholt. From the two highest points on the island – Sønderbjerg (48 m) and Nordbjerg (39 m) – one can see Jutland or Sweden on a clear day. Outside the summer season, there are few visitors to Anholt. Currently an effort is made to extend the tourist season via events such as an Anholt Marathon and festivals. DONG Energy has built the Anholt Offshore Wind Farm in
1598-718: The rank of vice-admiral, retiring to his estate at Highfield, Southampton and dying there aged 80 in June 1844. Vice-Admiral In the Royal Australian Navy , the rank of vice admiral is held by the Chief of Navy and, when the positions are held by navy officers, by the Vice Chief of the Defence Force , the Chief of Joint Operations , and/or the Chief of Capability Development Group . Vice admiral
1645-652: The request of Rear-Admiral Alan Gardner . In Queen , Hollis served in the Channel Fleet during the early years of the war and was badly wounded in the head by flying splinters at the Glorious First of June in 1794, during which Queen was heavily engaged. He also saw action the following year at the Battle of Groix . In 1797, after a period of service in HMS Royal Sovereign and following promotion to commander in HMS Chichester , Hollis
1692-611: The scenery and prevent the effects of erosion . In 1995/6 the Danish Heath Society cleared large areas in the south part of Ørkenen of mountain pine . On Totten, the eastern tip of the island, there is one of the biggest colonies of seals in Denmark. This part of the island is closed to visitors. Dangerous reefs and shoals surround Anholt. Consequently, in 1560 King Frederick II ordered the erection of bascule lights at Skagen , Anholt, and Kullen Lighthouse to mark
1739-529: The station and then the frigate HMS Vindictive , in which he escorted an East India Company convoy back to Britain. He was subsequently given command of HMS Thames in June 1801 and the following month participated in the Algeciras Campaign , firing on the French ship of the line Formidable during the Second Battle of Algeciras . He subsequently participated in a number of raids on
1786-477: The status of a protected historical landmark. Anholt has one of the warmest climates in Denmark. Climate data for Anholt was recorded at Anholt Island Automated Reporting Station, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 2016 Anholt has been settled since the New Stone Age and one may still find flint flakes on
1833-407: The summer and weekly flights in the winter. Flights depart from Roskilde Airport on the Danish main island, Zealand , via Copenhagen Air Taxi . The flights also go on to Læsø Island, and return to Roskilde from there, via Anholt. One can also fly from Varberg , Sweden, via charter from Varbergs Flygklubb, a flying club . After some years of political debate, construction commenced in 1899 on
1880-545: The summer. Antecedent to the war between England and Denmark and the consequent occupation of the island by the English, the Anholters paid a small rent to the proprietor of the soil, who is a Danish nobleman residing at Copenhagen; but at present they are considered and fed as prisoners of war by the English. They are an exceedingly poor people, and seem to enjoy but a small proportion of worldly comfort. On 28 February 1812,
1927-494: The time of the switch after 1600 to imported pit coal, considerable damage had been done. In 1785 a 35-meter tower was erected with an open fire. In 1805 a lantern replaced the fire and in 1838 a mirror was added. Then in early 1842 a flashing light replaced the fixed light, and a lightship was towed to a station of the Knobben, off Anholt. Around the mid-19th century there was also a floating light stationed several miles out from
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1974-576: The vice admiral's pennant. In the Royal Navy the rank of vice-admiral should be distinguished from the office of " Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom ", which is an Admiralty position usually held by a retired "full" admiral , and that of " Vice-Admiral of the Coast ", a now obsolete office dealing with naval administration in each of the maritime counties. While the rank of vice admiral
2021-466: The “desert”. There have been some Old Stone Age finds as well. The island has never been the object of systematic archaeological investigation, so no Bronze Age remnants have been found. Some Viking finds have been made. The 1231 land register of King Valdemar II shows that the king owned a house or a hunting lodge on the Sønderbjerg, the island's highest point. Anholt was thus property of
2068-457: Was badly wounded at the Glorious First of June . In 1801, as the captain of HMS Thames Hollis was heavily engaged at the Second Battle of Algeciras and in the Napoleonic Wars he served in a number of commissions and all major theatres. Aiskew Paffard Hollis was born in approximately 1764 and joined the Royal Navy aged just ten in 1774 under the patronage of Captain Parry. Hollis served as
2115-461: Was sent to the Cape of Good Hope . There he was given command of guardship HMS Jupiter and tasked with putting down a mutiny at Robben Island by the crew of HMS Crescent . Hollis advanced on Crescent subdued the crew without conflict and towed the ship back to Cape Town , where the ringleaders of the mutiny were tried and convicted. As a reward, Hollis was given command of HMS Tremendous on
2162-689: Was subsequently attached to the North American command, blockading French forces anchored in Chesapeake Bay until 1807, when the ship was sent back to Britain for urgent repairs. Hollis was transferred to HMS Standard and joined the Baltic Fleet, where he commanded the squadron that captured the Danish fortress at Anholt . He remained in the Baltic Sea until 1811, when he was transferred to HMS Achille in which he served with
2209-574: Was the highest rank, the supreme office of "Admiral of France" being purely ceremonial. Distinct offices were : In the Philippines , the rank vice admiral is the highest-ranking official of the Philippine Navy . He is recognized as the flag officer in-command of the navy, an equivalent post to the Chief of Naval Operations in the U.S. Navy. Before World War II, the vice admiral was
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