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77-635: Founded by a journalist, teacher, and scientist, and a Moscow University alumnus Hasan bey Zardabi , Akinchi was regarded almost as revolutionary not only as the first periodical published in Azeri, but for being also the means of reaching the masses. In order to make media accessible to lower classes, Zardabi propagated reforms in the literal Azeri language aimed at making it more vernacular by excluding bulky expressions and loanwords from Persian and Arabic used mostly in religious texts and classical poetry. Akinchi hence would often be subject to criticism by

154-528: A Google Doodle . A great number of different stamps was issued in honor of Lomonosov throughout the years: Mikhail Lomonosov and the Academy of Sciences building in Leningrad stamp of 1925, stamps depicting Lomonosov issued in 1949, in 1956 and in 1961, a 275th Birth Anniversary of M.V. Lomonosov stamp of 1986, a History of Russia ( Ekaterina II ) stamp depicting Lomonosov and his study room talking to

231-484: A deist . In 1724, his father married for the third and final time. Lomonosov and his stepmother Irina had an acrimonious relationship. Unhappy at home and intent on obtaining a higher education, which Lomonosov could not receive in Mishaninskaya, he was determined to leave the village. In 1730, determined to "study sciences," the 19-year-old Lomonosov walked all the way to Moscow . Shortly after arrival, he

308-985: A gymnasium for Russian nobility . The university press , run by Nikolay Novikov in the 1780s, published the newspaper in Imperial Russia: Moskovskie Vedomosti . In 1804, medical education split into clinical (therapy), surgical, and obstetrics faculties. Between 1884 and 1897, the Department of Medicine built a medical campus in Devichye Pole , between the Garden Ring and Novodevichy Convent ; designed by Konstantin Bykovsky , with university doctors like Nikolay Sklifosovskiy and Fyodor Erismann acting as consultants. The campus, and medical education in general, were separated from Moscow University in 1930. Devichye Pole

385-428: A body that does not consist of any other smaller and different bodies ... corpuscle is a collection of elements forming one small mass." In a later study (1748), he uses the term "atom" instead of "element", and "particula" (particle) or "molecule" instead of "corpuscle." He regarded heat as a form of motion, suggested the wave theory of light, contributed to the formulation of the kinetic theory of gases , and stated

462-534: A boy by his neighbor Ivan Shubny, and he spent every spare moment with his books. He continued his studies with the village deacon, S.N. Sabelnikov, but for many years the only books he had access to were religious texts. When he was fourteen, Lomonosov was given copies of Meletius Smotrytsky 's Modern Church Slavonic (a grammar book) and Leonty Magnitsky 's Arithmetic . Lomonosov was a Russian Orthodox Christian all his life, but had close encounters with Old Believers schism in early youth and later in life he became

539-400: A design by Matvei Kazakov , and rebuilt by Domenico Giliardi after fire consumed much of Moscow in 1812 . In the 18th century, the university had three departments: philosophy, medicine, and law. A preparatory college was affiliated with the university until its abolition in 1812. In 1779, Mikhail Kheraskov founded a boarding school for noblemen (Благородный пансион) which in 1830 became

616-637: A letter to Leonhard Euler dated 5 July 1748, rephrased and published in Lomonosov's dissertation "Reflexion on the solidity and fluidity of bodies," 1760). Lomonosov was the first to discover and appreciate the atmosphere of Venus during his observation of the transit of Venus of 1761 in a small observatory near his house in St Petersburg. At least in the English-speaking world, this attribution seems to have been owing to comments from

693-529: A public statement endorsing the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . In reaction, Academia Europaea , a pan-European academy, suspended the membership of Sadovnichy. In response to the Russian invasion, that same month Yale University , the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , University of Potsdam , and HKU Business School suspended their longstanding relationships with the university, and

770-634: A science administrator, this connection would be the most influential of Lomonosov's life. In 1739–1740 he studied mineralogy and philosophy at the University of Göttingen ; there he intensified his studies of German literature. Lomonosov quickly mastered the German language, and in addition to philosophy, seriously studied chemistry , discovered the works of 17th century Irish theologian and natural philosopher Robert Boyle , and even began writing poetry. He also developed an interest in German literature. He

847-683: A significant fee. On 19 March 2008, Russia's most powerful supercomputer to date, the SKIF MSU ( Russian : СКИФ МГУ ; skif means ' Scythian ' in Russian) was launched at the university. Its peak performance of 60 TFLOPS ( LINPACK – 47.170 TFLOPS) made it the fastest supercomputer in the Commonwealth of Independent States . In November 2012, Mikhail Basharatyan, Deputy Dean of the MSU World Economy Department,

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924-625: A tool of anti-semitism" in The Mathematics Enthusiast discussed antisemitism in the Moscow State University's Department of Mathematics during the 1970s and 1980s. In the mid-1980s, the Dean of MSU's law faculty was dismissed for taking bribes. After 1991, nine new faculties were established. The following year, the university gained a unique status: it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing

1001-533: A wooden bridge which had previously stood at the site. It was one of seven moveable stone bridges of similar design crossing the Fontanka River, built simultaneously with the river's granite embankments. Only Lomonosov Bridge and Staro-Kalinkin Bridge have survived more or less intact. Moscow's Domodedovo Airport is officially named after Lomonosov. The Lomonosov Gold Medal was established in 1959 and

1078-794: Is awarded annually by the Russian Academy of Sciences to a Russian and a foreign scientist. Lomonosovskaya Station on the Nevsko-Vasileostrovskaya Line of the Saint Petersburg Metro is named after him. It was opened in 1970. The street "Lomonosova iela" in the Maskavas Forštate district of Riga is named in honor of Lomonosov. During the Soviet era, a main street in Tallinn , Estonia ,

1155-576: Is believed that in 1735, after three years in Moscow he was sent to Kiev to study for short period at the Kiev Academy . He quickly became dissatisfied with the education he was receiving there, and returned to Moscow. In five years Lomonosov completed a twelve-year study course and in 1736, among 12 best graduates, was awarded a scholarship at the St. Petersburg Academy . He plunged into his studies and

1232-401: Is equal to the mass of the products." Lomonosov, together with Lavoisier, is regarded as the one who discovered the law of mass conservation. He stated that all matter is composed of corpuscles – molecules that are "collections" of elements – atoms. In his dissertation "Elements of Mathematical Chemistry" (1741, unfinished), the scientist gives the following definition: "An element is a part of

1309-646: Is said to have especially admired Günther . His "Ode on the Taking of Khotin from the Turks," composed in 1739, attracted a great deal of attention in Saint Petersburg. Contrary to his adoration for Wolff, Lomonosov had fierce disputes with Henckel over the training and education courses he and his two compatriot students were getting in Freiberg, as well as over very limited financial support which Henckel

1386-423: Is the first such work in Russian and expounds a theory of literature on the basis of Russian literary models. His treatise "Predisloviye o polze knig tserkovnykh v rossiyskom yazyke" (Introduction to the usefulness of church books in the Russian language, 1757) is the first Russian work on stylistics . Lomonosov adopted classical views on the existence of three distinct styles—high, middle, and low—and applied them to

1463-424: The University of St Andrews suspended a joint master's degree programme with the university. Intel and AMD , the largest chip manufacturers in the world, whose processors are used in the Moscow State University supercomputer , as well as Nvidia , reacted by suspending deliveries of their processors to Russia. Since 1953, most of the faculties have been situated on Sparrow Hills , in southwest Moscow. In

1540-536: The "Father of Russian Science," though many of his scientific accomplishments were relatively unknown outside Russia until long after his death and gained proper appreciation only in late 19th and, especially, 20th centuries. In 1756, Lomonosov tried to replicate Robert Boyle 's experiment of 1673. He concluded that the commonly accepted phlogiston theory was false. Anticipating the discoveries of Antoine Lavoisier , he wrote in his diary: "Today I made an experiment in hermetic glass vessels in order to determine whether

1617-610: The 275th anniversary of the birth of M.V. Lomonosov, the USSR State Bank issued a 1 ruble commemorative coin from a copper-nickel alloy. On 6 December 2022, the City Council of the Ukrainian city Dnipro decided to remove from the city all monuments to figures of Russian culture and history , in particular it was mentioned that the monuments to Lomonosov, Alexander Pushkin and Maxim Gorky would be removed from

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1694-562: The Azeri press entered a new stage of development. 22 July, the day of the first publication of Akinchi , was declared in 2010 as the National Press Day in Azerbaijan. The establishment of Akinchi was important for several reasons. To start with, with the release of Akinchi, people started to regard press as a means of mass media, basis for educational reforms, and as an instrument with which social and public conscience

1771-459: The Caucasus. The first issue of Akinchi was printed on 22 July 1875. Staroselsky's departure was a factor that among others contributed to the shutting down of the periodical on 29 September 1877. Other reasons were lack of sponsorship and low number of readers (who would often be misled by the reactionist clergy into believing in the "sinful nature" of non-religious texts) despite the fact that

1848-468: The Earth – his most significant geological work. This work puts him before James Hutton , who has been traditionally regarded as the founder of modern geology. Lomonosov based his conceptions on the unity of the Earth's processes in time, and necessity to explain the planet's past from present. Lomonosov's observation of iceberg formation led into his pioneering work in geography . Lomonosov got close to

1925-541: The Ministry of Education). On 6 September 1997, French electronic musician Jean Michel Jarre used the front of the university as the backdrop for a concert . The concert attracted a paying crowd of half a million people. In 2007, MSU Rector Viktor Sadovnichy said that corruption in Russia's education system was a "systemic illness," and that he had seen an ad guaranteeing a perfect score on entrance exams to MSU, for

2002-544: The Russian literary language. It also addresses the problems of the combination of Church Slavonic and Russian forms and the categorization of literary genres. In 1760, Lomonosov published a history of Russia. In addition, he attempted to write a grand Aeneid -inspired epic about Peter the Great, but he died before he could finish it. His granddaughter Sophia Konstantinova (1769–1844) married Russian military hero and statesman General Nikolay Raevsky . His great-granddaughter

2079-454: The academy. He was released and pardoned in January 1744 after apologising to all involved. Lomonosov was made a full member of the academy and named professor of chemistry in 1745. He established the academy's first chemistry laboratory. Eager to improve Russia's educational system, in 1755, Lomonosov joined his patron Count Ivan Shuvalov in founding Moscow University . In 1760, he

2156-403: The adoption of this system was already in progress when Lomonosov publicized his theories. His "Ode on the Taking of Khotin" has been called the first "aesthetically indisputable example" of accentual-syllabic verse in the history of Russian literature. The iambic tetrameter and hexameter verse and the ten-line odic stanza which he developed had a lasting role in Russian poetry. His advocacy of

2233-464: The atmosphere of Venus when the planet has progressed off the limb of the Sun, it has generally, if rather uncritically, been assumed that this was the same thing that Lomonosov saw. Indeed, the term "Lomonosov’s arc" has frequently been used in the literature. In 2012, Pasachoff and Sheehan consulted original sources, and questioned the basis for the claim that Lomonosov observed the thin arc produced by

2310-496: The atmosphere of Venus. A reference to the paper was even picked up by the Russian state-controlled media group RIA Novosti on 31 January 2013, under the headline "Astronomical Battle in US Over Lomonosov’s discovery." An attempt was made by a group of researchers to experimentally reconstruct Lomonosov's observation using antique telescopes during the transit of Venus on 5–6 June 2012. One of them, Y. Petrunin, suggested that

2387-621: The bright flash of the solar photosphere before third contact. The first observers to record the actual arc associated with the atmosphere of Venus, in a form comporting with modern observations, appear to have been Chappe, Rittenhouse, Wayles and Dymond, and several others at the transit in June 1769. In 1762, Lomonosov presented an improved design of a reflecting telescope to the Russian Academy of Sciences forum. His telescope had its primary mirror adjusted at an angle of four degrees to

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2464-483: The creation of a system of Russian linguistic conventions, syntax and prosody which would allow the advancement of a native literary tradition on the basis of Western European genres. He laid out his literary theories in his work "Epistle on the Rules of Russian Versification" (1739). Lomonosov is considered the founder of accentual-syllabic (or syllabo-tonic) verse in Russian poetry, although statistical analysis suggests

2541-422: The establishment of Akinchi . He was also the one proposing the name for the newspaper that in his opinion would convince the authorities that Akinchi was a non-political magazine that dealt with spreading agricultural technique. In addition to agriculture-oriented articles, Zardabi published materials related to medicine and biology as well as editorials dealing with the social and cultural state of Muslims in

2618-713: The first Russian poems on the theme of sublime admiration of nature. He applied an idiosyncratic theory to his later poems – tender subjects needed words containing the front vowel sounds E, I, Y and U, whereas things that may cause fear (like "anger", "envy", "pain" and "sorrow") needed words with back vowel sounds O, U and Y. That was a version of what is now called sound symbolism . He also wrote two verse tragedies, Tamira i Selim and Demofont . Lomonosov wrote an important Russian grammar in 1755 (published in 1757), in which he distinguished Old Church Slavonic and colloquial Russian forms. His work on rhetoric "Kratkoye rukovodstvo k krasnorechiyu" (Brief guide to eloquence, 1748)

2695-613: The first time. An official use of Azerbaijani language became the basis for the functioning of the journal. Akinchi also helped a lot in terms of getting educated people together and of paving the way for the next educated and thinker generation to come. Moscow State University Moscow State University ( MSU ), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , is a public research university in Moscow , Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Alumni of

2772-537: The iamb won out over Trediakovsky's arguments for the trochee as the basic metrical foot . Lomonosov wrote solemn occasional, spiritual, as natural-philosophical odes, as well as an Anacreontic ode. According to A. Kahn, "the turgidity of the Lomonosovian ode derives from a propensity to create semantic clusters, usually through etymologic play or tropes, such as zeugma ." His "Evening Meditation on God's Grandeur" and "Morning Meditation on God's Grandeur" are

2849-420: The idea of conservation of matter in the following words: "All changes in nature are such that inasmuch is taken from one object insomuch is added to another. So, if the amount of matter decreases in one place, it increases elsewhere. This universal law of nature embraces laws of motion as well, for an object moving others by its own force in fact imparts to another object the force it loses" (first articulated in

2926-414: The interface between Venus and the Sun during transits are impressively large, and any inferences from them are fraught with peril". Again, the actual words used by Lomonosov do not refer to an "arc" at all. In the Russian version, he described a brief brightening lasting a second or so, just before third contact , which appeared to Pasachoff and Sheehan to most probably indicate a last fleeting glimpse of

3003-473: The literati who found its written style too colloquial. In fact, it was deliberately chosen to be written and published using simple, colloquial language so the lower, mainly uneducated (back then) masses would find it easier to grasp the main idea behind all those satirical poems and articles The Russian governor of the Caucasus , Dmitry Staroselsky , sympathized with Zardabi's endeavours and supported him in

3080-555: The main building. The building on Mokhovaya Street houses the Faculty of Journalism , the Faculty of Psychology , and Institute of Asian and African Countries . A number of faculty buildings are located near Manege Square in the centre of Moscow and a number of campuses abroad in Ukraine , Kazakhstan , Tajikistan and Uzbekistan . The Ulyanovsk branch of MSU was reorganized into Ulyanovsk State University in 1996. As of 2009,

3157-449: The mass of metals increases from the action of pure heat. The experiments – of which I append the record in 13 pages – demonstrated that the famous Robert Boyle was deluded, for without access of air from outside the mass of the burnt metal remains the same." That is the Law of Mass Conservation in chemical reaction , which is well-known today as "in a chemical reaction, the mass of reactants

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3234-607: The mosaic art. In 1763, he set up a glass factory that produced the first stained glass mosaics outside of Italy. There were forty mosaics attributed to Lomonosov, with only twenty-four surviving to the present day. Among the best is the portrait of Peter the Great and the Battle of Poltava , measuring 4.8 by 6.4 metres (16 ft × 21 ft). Besides his scientific activities, Lomonosov also paid considerable attention to literature. Together with his contemporaries Alexander Sumarokov and Vasily Trediakovsky , Lomonosov sought

3311-448: The multi-lingual popular astronomy writer Willy Ley (1966), who consulted sources in both Russian and German, and wrote that Lomonosov observed a luminous ring (this was Ley's interpretation and was not indicated in quotes) and inferred from it the existence of an atmosphere "maybe greater than that of the Earth" (which was in quotes). Because many modern transit observers have also seen a threadlike arc produced by refraction of sunlight in

3388-553: The newspaper was given away for free. For the 26 months that it existed, Akinchi had attracted only 300 constant readers. Nevertheless, its existence profoundly contributed to the development of journalism in Azerbaijan and the establishment of Azeri-language newspapers and magazines such as Ziya (in 1879), Ziya Gafgaziya (in 1880), Keshkul (in 1883), Sharg-i rus (in 1903), Irshad , Hayat (both in 1905), Fiyuzat , Takammul and Molla Nasraddin (all in 1906) after which

3465-473: The northern coast of Siberia . The idea of a coaxial rotor originated from Mikhail Lomonosov. In July 1754, he developed a model of a small helicopter with a coaxial rotor and demonstrated it to the Russian Academy of Sciences. Lomonosov was proud to restore the ancient art of mosaics . In 1754, in his letter to Leonhard Euler , he wrote that his three years of experiments on the effects of chemistry of minerals on their colour led to his deep involvement in

3542-463: The photosphere. As a check against this, Lomonosov's German version (he had learned to speak and write German fluently as a student at Marburg) was also consulted; he describes seeing "ein ganz helles Licht, wie ein Haar breit"=”a very bright light, as wide as a hair". Here, the adverb "ganz" in connection with "helles" (bright) could mean "as bright as possible" or "completely bright"), i.e., as bright as

3619-615: The post-war era, Joseph Stalin ordered seven tiered neoclassic towers to be built around the city. It was built using Gulag labour, as were many of Stalin's Great Construction Projects in Russia. The MSU main building was the tallest building in Europe until 1990. The central tower is 240 m tall, 36 stories high. Along with the university administration, the Museum of Earth Sciences and faculties of Mechanics and Mathematics , Geology, Geography , and Fine and Performing Arts are in

3696-507: The proletariat and peasantry. In 1919, the university abolished tuition fees, and established a preparatory facility to help working-class children prepare for entrance examinations. During the implementation of Joseph Stalin 's first five-year plan (1928–32), prisoners from the Gulag were forced to construct parts of the newly expanded university. In 1970, the university imposed a 2% quota on Jewish students. A 2014 article entitled "Math as

3773-978: The queen that was issued in 2004, three 300th Anniversary of the Birth of M.V. Lomonosov stamps were issued in 2011. The Akademik Lomonosov , the first of a series of Russian floating nuclear power stations , is named after him. It started operation on 19 December 2019. Moscow State University , founded by him in 1755, was renamed M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1940, while celebrating its 185th anniversary. There are also Moscow Institute of Mechanics and Electrical Engineering M.V. Lomonosov (Lomonosov Institute), Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography , USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow, Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Odessa Technological Institute of Food Industry n.a. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies n.a. M.V. Lomonosov, and several other schools in Russia and Kazakhstan. On 19 November 1986, on

3850-543: The same conditions as Lomonosov, using a 40 mm Dollond at Batavia, Illinois, produced a close duplicate of Lomonosov's diagram. However, the rather large wing of light shown next to the black disk of Venus in his drawing (and Lomonosov's) is too coarse to have been the arc. Instead it appears to be a complicated manifestation of the celebrated optical effect known as the " black drop ". It should be kept in mind that, as stated in Sheehan and Westfall, "optical distortions at

3927-511: The scanty and irregular allowance granted him by the Russian Academy of Sciences . As his circumstances became desperate, he got permission to return to Saint Petersburg. Lomonosov returned to Russia in June 1741, after being abroad 4 years and 8 months. A year later he was named an Adjunct of the Russian Academy of Science in the physics department. In May 1743, Lomonosov was accused, arrested, and held under house arrest for eight months, after he supposedly insulted various people associated with

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4004-480: The some international rankings MSU is the highest-ranked Russian university (with the nearest Russian competitor being Saint Petersburg State University ), but it was consistently ranked outside the top 5 nationally in 2010–11 by Forbes and Ria Novosti / HSE , with both ratings based on data set collected by HSE from Russian Unified State Exam scores averaged per all students and faculties of university. The university has contacts with universities throughout

4081-432: The surface brightness of the solar disk, which is even stronger evidence that this can't be Venus's atmosphere, which always appears much fainter. Lomonosov's original sketches, if they existed, do not appear to have survived, Modern observations made during the nineteenth century transits and especially those of 2004 and 2012 suggest that what Lomonosov saw was not the arc associated with the atmosphere of Venus at all but

4158-430: The task of detecting the arc. Thus A. Koukarine, using a 67 mm Dollond on Mt. Hamilton, where seeing was likely much better than Lomonosov enjoyed at St. Petersburg, clearly observed the spiderweb-thin arc known to be due to refraction in the atmosphere of Venus. However, Koukarine's sketches do not really resemble the diagram published by Lomonosov. Koukarine's colleague V. Shiltsev, who more nearly observed under

4235-506: The telescope Lomonosov actually used was probably a 50 mm Dollond with a magnifying power of 40x. It was preserved at Pulkova Observatory but destroyed when the Germans bombed the observatory during World War II. Thus, Lomonosov's actual telescope was not available, but other presumably similar instruments were employed on this occasion, and led the researchers to affirm their belief that Lomonosov's telescope would have been adequate to

4312-471: The telescope's axis. This made the image focus at the side of the telescope tube, where the observer could view the image with an eyepiece without blocking the image. This invention was not published until 1827, so this type of telescope has become associated with a similar design by William Herschel , the Herschelian telescope . In 1759, with his collaborator, academician Joseph Adam Braun, Lomonosov

4389-634: The theory of continental drift , theoretically predicted the existence of Antarctica (he argued that icebergs of the Southern Ocean could be formed only on a dry land covered with ice), and invented sea tools which made writing and calculating directions and distances easier. In 1764, he organized an expedition (led by Admiral Vasili Chichagov ) to find the Northeast Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by sailing along

4466-477: The underwater Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean was named in his honor. Lomonosov Bridge in Saint Petersburg was named after the polymath. Originally called Tchernyshov Bridge (Chernyshev Bridge) in honour of Count Grigory Tchernyshov (Chernyshev)  [ ru ] one of Peter the Great's most prominent generals, whose estates were located nearby, the bridge was erected in 1785−1987, and replaced

4543-498: The university had 39 faculties and 15 research centres. A number of small faculties opened, such as Faculty of Physics and Chemistry and Higher School of Television . The full list of faculties is as follows: In world rankings, MSU was ranked 101st–150th by the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2022, #75 by QS World University Rankings 2023 , and #355 by U.S. News & World Report 2023. According to

4620-665: The university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates , six Fields Medal winners, and one Turing Award winner were affiliated with the university. Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov promoted the idea of a university in Moscow, and Russian Empress Elizabeth decreed its establishment on 23 January [ O.S. 12 January] 1755. The first lectures were given on 7 May [ O.S. 26 April]. Saint Petersburg State University and MSU each claim to be Russia's oldest university. Though Moscow State University

4697-1068: The university's research institutes and facilities. More than 40,000 undergraduates and 7,000 advanced degree candidates are enrolled. Annually, the university hosts approximately 2,000 students, graduate students, and researchers from around the world. As of 2017, 13 Nobel laureates, 6 Fields Medal winners and one Turing Award winner had been affiliated with the university. It is the alma mater of writers Anton Chekhov , Boris Pasternak , and Ivan Turgenev ; politicians Mikhail Gorbachev , Mikhail Suslov , and Ruslan Khasbulatov ; and mathematicians and physicists Vladimir Arnold , Boris Demidovich , Vladimir Drinfeld , Vitaly Ginzburg , Andrey Kolmogorov , Grigory Margulis , Andrei Sakharov , and Yakov Sinai . Mikhail Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov ( / ˌ l ɒ m ə ˈ n ɒ s ɒ f / ; Russian : Михаил Васильевич Ломоносов , IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil vɐˈsʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ləmɐˈnosəf ] ; 19 November [ O.S. 8 November] 1711 – 15 April [ O.S. 4 April] 1765)

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4774-476: The university. In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigned en masse , including Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy , Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev , and Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin ; thousands of students were expelled. After the October Revolution of 1917, the institution began to admit children of

4851-842: The world, exchanging students and lecturers. It houses the UNESCO International Demography Courses and Hydrology Courses. In 1991 the French University College, the Russian-American University, and the Institute of German Science and Culture were opened. The institution's academic reputation was severely undermined because of its support for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . (See: sanctions ). The university employs more than 4,000 academics and 15,000 support staff. Approximately 5,000 researchers work at

4928-586: Was Princess Maria (Raevskaya) Volkonskaya , the wife of the Decembrist Prince Sergei Volkonsky . The city of Lomonosov, Russia (formerly Oranienbaum ), and a lunar crater bear his name, as does a crater on Mars and the asteroid 1379 Lomonosowa . A Russian satellite launched in 2016 was named Mikhailo Lomonosov after him. The Imperial Porcelain Factory, Saint Petersburg was renamed after him from 1925 to 2005. In 1948,

5005-407: Was Vasily's first wife, a deacon 's daughter, Elena Ivanovna Sivkova. He remained at Denisovka until he was ten, when his father decided that he was old enough to participate in his business ventures, and Lomonosov began accompanying Vasily on trading missions. Learning was young Lomonosov's passion, not business. The boy's thirst for knowledge was insatiable. Lomonosov had been taught to read as

5082-422: Was a Russian polymath , scientist and writer, who made important contributions to literature, education, and science. Among his discoveries were the atmosphere of Venus and the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions . His spheres of science were natural science , chemistry , physics , mineralogy , history, art, philology , optical devices and others. The founder of modern geology , Lomonosov

5159-504: Was admitted into the Slavic Greek Latin Academy by falsely claiming to be a son of a Kholmogory nobleman. In 1734 that initial falsehood, as well as another lie that he was the son of a priest, nearly got him expelled from the academy, but the investigation ended without severe consequences. Lomonosov lived on three kopecks a day, eating only black bread and kvass , but he made rapid progress scholastically. It

5236-600: Was also a poet and influenced the formation of the modern Russian literary language . Lomonosov was born in the village of Mishaninskaya , later renamed Lomonosovo in his honor, in Archangelgorod Governorate , on an island not far from Kholmogory , in the far north of Russia. His father, Vasily Dorofeyevich Lomonosov, was a prosperous peasant fisherman turned ship owner, who amassed a small fortune transporting goods from Arkhangelsk to Pustozyorsk , Solovki , Kola , and Lapland . Lomonosov's mother

5313-604: Was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . In 1764, he was elected Foreign Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna . In 1764, Lomonosov was appointed to the position of the State Councillor which was of Rank V in the Russian Empire's Table of Ranks . He died on 4 April (o.s.), 1765 in Saint Petersburg. He is widely and deservingly regarded as

5390-563: Was fired for taking a bribe from a pupil. In February 2013, Andrei Andriyanov resigned as head of the Kolmogorov Special Educational and Scientific Center of the university, after an investigation concluded that he had included fake references in his doctoral thesis. In March 2022, Victor Sadovnichy, rector of Moscow State University and president of the Russian Union of Rectors, was the lead signature in

5467-420: Was formed. Hasan Bey Zardabi said in the first issue of the journal that a newspaper should mirror the reality of the place it represents and should reflect the needs and wants of the people of the given territory. Another important factor and effect Akinchi has caused was that the journalism system and the generation of journalists appeared for the first time. Professional principles also started to appear for

5544-511: Was founded in 1755, St. Petersburg which has had a continuous existence as a "university" since 1819 sees itself as the successor of an academy established on in 1724, by a decree of Peter the Great . MSU originally occupied the Principal Medicine Store on Red Square from 1755 to 1787. Catherine the Great transferred the university to a building on the other side of Mokhovaya Street, constructed between 1782 and 1793, to

5621-743: Was instructed to provide to the Russians after numerous debts they had accumulated in Marburg. As the result, Lomonosov left Freiberg without permission and wandered for quite a while over Germany and Holland, unsuccessfully trying to obtain permission from Russian envoys to return to the St. Petersburg Academy. During his residence in Marburg, Lomonosov boarded with Catharina Zilch, a brewer's widow. He fell in love with Catharina's daughter Elizabeth Christine Zilch. They were married in June 1740. Lomonosov found it extremely difficult to maintain his growing family on

5698-525: Was named in his honor as "M. Lomonossovi", but from 1991, the year when Estonia restored its independence, the street was renamed Gonsiori  [ et ] after Jakob Johann Gonsior, a 19th-century alderman and lawyer. In Dnipro , Ukraine , a statue of Lomonosov replaced a statue of Catherine the Great in 1919. It stood until 6 January 2023, when it was removed by the city of Dnipro because of Russia's full-scale invasion into Ukraine. On 19 November 2011, Google celebrated his 300th birthday with

5775-509: Was operated by the independent I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and by various other state and private institutions. The roots of student unrest in the university reach deep into the nineteenth century. In 1905, a social-democratic organization emerged at the university and called for the overthrow of the Czarist government and the establishment of a republic in Russia. The imperial government repeatedly threatened to close

5852-634: Was rewarded with a four-year grant to study abroad, in Germany, first at the University of Marburg and then in Freiberg . The University of Marburg was among Europe's most important universities in the mid-18th century due to the presence of the philosopher Christian Wolff , a prominent figure of the German Enlightenment . Lomonosov became one of Wolff's students while at Marburg from November 1736 to July 1739. Both philosophically and as

5929-420: Was the first person to record the freezing of mercury and to carry out initial experiments with it. Believing that nature is subject to regular and continuous evolution , he demonstrated the organic origin of soil , peat , coal, petroleum and amber . In 1745, he published a catalogue of over 3,000 minerals, and in 1760, he explained the formation of icebergs . In 1763, he published On The Strata of

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