Misplaced Pages

#807192

24-710: The chapter gets its name from the opening verse, which states "Indeed, We have granted you a clear triumph..." in direct reference to the Treaty which was signed through cooperation between the opposing forces and without bloodshed. The reason this treaty, and therefore chapter, is called a "clear triumph" is largely believed to be because of its peaceful nature. 48:10 focuses on the importance of being dedicated to God. Those who do not dedicate themselves to God and remain that way will have their souls suffer. Those who stay dedicated to God will be rewarded by God. 48:16 contains many predictions in this surah, such as: 48:18-19

48-475: A declaration of defeat to let him enter the city unconditionally. They are reported to have said: "Even if he has come not wanting to fight, by God, he shall never enter [the sanctuary] by force against our will, nor shall the bedouin ever [have cause to] say that about us". At one point, he sent his close aid Uthman to Mecca to carry out negotiations. A rumour spread that he had been slain. Muhammad vowed to avenge his death and took pledge of his followers to fight

72-743: A pilgrimage center from the pre-Islamic times , it seems that the Muslims were enjoined to perform pilgrimage to the Ka'ba only in the Medinan period. The Muslims had so far prayed by facing toward Jerusalem , but at some point in Medina, Muhammad reportedly received a divine revelation ordering him to face Mecca instead. In March 628, following a dream that he was circumambulating the Ka'ba, Muhammad decided to set out for pilgrimage. Anticipating violent Meccan response, he invited his Bedouin and tribal allies in

96-503: A tree, was to avenge the rumoured death of Uthman . In March 628 CE (6 AH), Muhammad set for Mecca to perform the ritual pilgrimage of Umrah . The Quraysh denied the Muslims entry into the city and posted themselves outside Mecca, determined to offer resistance even though the Muslims did not have any intention or preparation for battle. Muhammad camped outside Mecca at Hudaybiyyah and sent Uthman ibn Affan as his envoy to meet with

120-506: Is regarding the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah . 48:27 is regarding The first pilgrimage . Treaty of Hudaybiyyah The Treaty of al-Hudaybiya ( Arabic : صُلح الْحُدَيْبِيَة , romanized :  Ṣulḥ al-Ḥudaybiya ) was an event that took place during the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . It was a pivotal treaty between Muhammad, representing the state of Medina , and

144-640: The Banu Bakr aligned themselves with the Quraysh, while the Banu Khuza'ah aligned themselves with the Muslims. They had maintained peace for a period of time; however, underlying motives stemming from the pre-Islamic era , exacerbated by a persistent desire for revenge, ultimately led to renewed hostilities. The Banu Bakr launched an attack against the Banu Khuza'ah at Al-Wateer in Sha'ban , 8 A.H., disregarding

168-504: The Islamic prophet Muhammad left his hometown of Mecca in 622 and migrated with his followers to the oasis town of Medina . There, he had more followers and founded a local power base. On three occasions, his forces battled with his Meccan opponents, led by his own tribe, the Quraysh . Mecca was thus a no-go area for the Muslims, with its old sanctuary of the Ka'ba . Although it had been

192-574: The Meccans to end. The pledge became known as the Pledge of the Tree ( bay'at al-shajara ). The rumour turned out to be false, and the Quraysh sent their emissary, Suhayl ibn Amr , to reach a settlement. After negotiations, the parties agreed to resolve the matter peacefully and a treaty was drawn up. The main points stated: The document was written by Ali . As he was writing, "This is what Muhammad,

216-462: The Quraysh opted not to make peace. Soon afterwards, he besieged and neutralized Khaybar. Other tribes were then free to align to either side, and Muhammad was able to win over some of those formerly allied with the Quraysh. According to Islamicist Montgomery Watt , the treaty, which meant lifting of the Medinan blockade of the Meccan trade with Syria and the granting to the Quraysh other concessions,

240-413: The apostle of God, has agreed with Suhayl b. 'Amr", Suhayl objected that he did not believe in his prophethood, hence he could write only his name, to which Muhammad consented. After the document was written, Suhayl's son Abu Jandal converted to Islam and turned up to join the Muslims but was handed over to Suhayl in keeping with the treaty. Umar and some other Muslims were unhappy about the truce with

264-412: The death of Uthman. This pledge took place under a tree and was thus known as the Pledge of the Tree . During the process of pledging, each Sahaba came before Muhammad and pledged, with his hand on top of Muhammad's. The pledge was successful in demonstrating to the Quraysh the determination of the Muslims. They soon released Uthman and sent down an ambassador of their own, Suhayl ibn Amr to negotiate

SECTION 10

#1732765494808

288-499: The leader of the Banu Bakr, killed twenty of them in violation of established customs. In response, the Banu Khuza'ah immediately dispatched a delegation to Medina to inform Muhammad of the breach of the truce and to request his assistance. This triggered the conquest of Mecca. In the long term, the treaty proved advantageous to the Muslims and is often regarded as an "important step" in Muhammad's consolidation of power. By signing

312-454: The leaders of Quraysh and negotiate their entry into the city. The Quraysh caused Uthman to stay longer in Mecca than they originally planned and refused to inform the Muslims of his whereabouts. This caused them to believe that Uthman had been killed by the people of the Quraysh. On this occasion, Muhammad gathered his nearly 1,400 Sahaba and called them to pledge to fight until death and avenge

336-470: The news, the Meccans mistook the approach as an attack and sent a 200-strong cavalry force to stop it. Muhammad avoided the force by taking an unconventional route and pitched his tents at the place of Ḥudaybiya, on the border of the sacred territory of the Ka'ba. The Quraysh sent their emissaries to negotiate with him to whom he declared that he had come to perform the pilgrimage and had no hostile intentions. The Quraysh nevertheless considered it weakness and

360-502: The outskirts of Medina to join him, but the majority declined, probably because they saw no prospect of booty or anticipating hostilities. Muhammad with a group of some 1,500 Muslims of Medina, as well as some tribal allies, marched towards Mecca to perform the Umrah (lesser pilgrimage). There are conflicting accounts as to whether the Muslims carried weapons. They were dressed as pilgrims and had sacrificial animals with them. On getting

384-520: The people whom they regarded as the enemies of God. Muhammad called his followers to shave their heads and sacrifice their animals. They were reluctant to do so but followed after he had set an example. While Muslims then returned to Medina, the Sura 48 of the Qur'an was revealed. Those converts who later escaped to Medina were returned in accordance with the treaty. Abu Basir , one of the returned, escaped to

408-405: The sea coast and was later joined by some 70 others, including Abu Jandal. They formed a guerrilla band and started raiding Meccan caravans to Syria. The Meccans eventually asked Muhammad to take them back to Medina. An exception to the treaty was later created unilaterally by the Muslims when some Muslim women from Mecca escaped to Medina since the Qur'an forbade their return. During the treaty,

432-508: The terms of a treaty that later became known as the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah. The people who took the pledge, also known as the Companions of the Tree (اصحاب الشجرة aṣḥāb ash-shajarah ) are held in high regard by Muslims in general and Sunnis in particular. After the pledge, verses were revealed in the Qur'an commemorating and appreciating the pledge and those who made it: Certainly Allah

456-526: The terms of the treaty. A group of the Quraysh, headed by Safwan ibn Umayya , Ikrima ibn Amr , and Suhayl ibn Amr , provided the Banu Bakr with men and weapons under the cover of darkness, without the awareness of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb . Faced with aggression from their opponents, the members of the Banu Khuza'ah sought refuge in the Holy Sanctuary - the Kaaba. However, they were not spared and Nawfal,

480-717: The treaty, the Quraysh implicitly acknowledged Muhammad as their equal, and by gaining access to the pilgrimage at the Ka'ba, Muhammad was able to increase Islam's appeal to those tribes who held the Ka'ba in high regard. The Muhammad biographer Ibn Hisham later wrote: "No previous victory in Islam was greater than this... when there was an armistice and war was abolished and men met in safety and consulted together none talked about Islam intelligently without entering it." The truce enabled Muhammad to expand his dominion elsewhere in Arabia unhindered. The historian Fred Donner has suggested that

504-594: The tribe of the Quraysh in Mecca in March 628 (corresponding to Dhu al-Qi'dah , AH 6 ). The treaty helped to decrease tension between the two cities, affirmed peace for a period of 10 years, and authorised Muhammad's followers to return the following year in a peaceful pilgrimage, which was later known as the First Pilgrimage . As a result of the rejection of his message and the persecution of his followers,

SECTION 20

#1732765494808

528-489: The very purpose of the attempted pilgrimage was to secure a truce with the Meccans since Medina was trapped between two hostile cities (the Jewish stronghold of Khaybar to the north and Mecca to the south) and was very vulnerable. However, he could not simply beg the Meccans for a truce; by skillfully crafting the situation, he got it without asking. It was nevertheless a "desperate gamble", which could have ended in disaster had

552-521: Was intended by Muhammad to foster better relations with the Quraysh and to attract them towards Islam. Pledge of the Tree The Pledge of the Tree ( Arabic : بيعة الشَّجَرَة , romanized :  bayʿat ash-shajara ) was a pledge that was sworn to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by his companions prior to the Treaty of al-Hudaybiya (6 AH /628 CE). The pledge, sworn under

576-613: Was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity on them and rewarded them with a near victory. Due to this verse, the pledge is also known as the Pledge of Acceptance as it was said to be a cause for God 's acceptance. Rashid Rida explained that for every Companions of the Prophet who pledge during this pledge were regarded universally by Islam teaching as special which such explanation in line with Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani explanation of

#807192