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56-594: The Father of the House is a title that is bestowed on the senior male member of the House of Commons who has the longest continuous service. If two or more members have the same length of current uninterrupted service, then whoever was sworn in earlier, as listed in Hansard , is named as Father of the House. Traditionally, however, the qualifications used for the Father of the House are not entirely clear and may have included

112-420: A "last in, first out" (LIFO) - notably in the education sector - perspective, meaning those who have been there longest or who have tenure have the right to stay, whereas other employers take a "first in, first out" (FIFO) or "inverse seniority" viewpoint, which tends to emphasize a new or "fresh start" for the company. Seniority does have several positive factors to its name. Individuals may be drawn toward

168-513: A candidate that is elected without much controversy. Since 2017, none of over 40 AfD candidates has been elected as Bundestags-Vizepräsident, though, while some state parliaments have elected an AfD vice president. In addition, the factions appoint members for the Ältestenrat , the Council of Elders of the Bundestag , which organizes the parliament work behind the scenes. The rules of order of

224-534: A certain amount of public attention, the position has recently attracted controversy, when after German Reunification the Party of Democratic Socialism (the successor of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany which had ruled communist East Germany) obtained the position by including aged independents (writer Stefan Heym in 1994, Fred Gebhardt in 1998) in their party lists. In 2017, facing the new AfD,

280-766: A delay. Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic Opposition (95) The Chamber of Deputies , officially the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic ( Czech : Poslanecká sněmovna Parlamentu České republiky ), is the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic . The chamber has 200 seats and deputies are elected for four-year terms using the party-list proportional representation system with

336-457: A dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, new elections must be held within 60 days, and the Chamber of Deputies may not be dissolved less than three months before the end of its electoral term. The Chamber of Deputies can only be dissolved by the president under conditions specified by the constitution . The Chamber of Deputies is most commonly dissolved following two votes of no confidence in

392-443: A minimum period of employment before bumping is possible, allowing only moves to positions previously held, or limiting the departments or jobs where the bumping can occur. Commercial aviation pilots working for a carrier have their privileges determined by their seniority or generally known as the "pilot seniority list." These privileges can be income level, routes flown, types of aircraft, work schedules and positions. Seniority

448-407: A specific field or occupation with the knowledge that seniority is obtainable. If seniority were to be banished as a whole, many higher paid employees would be fired first just because they make more money than their peers. Seniority does an effective job in helping people, interested in staying at one organization, in working towards having a "marathon" career. One of the goals of a seniority system

504-465: A system rewarding individuals for their hiring date does not encourage professional growth. If individuals are aware they only have to reach a certain time-span of employment to have a guaranteed position in a company, they will not grow professionally once they have reached their mark. During the late 20th century in the United States, the federal government stopped emphasizing seniority as

560-467: Is Christine Grahame while the current father is John Swinney , who were both first elected at the 1999 Scottish Parliament election . The Northern Ireland Assembly also grants the title of Father of the House to its longest serving male member. The current father is Alan Chambers . The titles "Father of the House" and "Father of the Senate" are sometimes used to refer to the members of each chamber of

616-438: Is employee retention , which ensures an organization is retaining institutional knowledge, erudite employees, and an opportunity for mentorship of new hires. It is important to make sure employees are here to stay. Though the principle of seniority does an effective job of protecting long-term employees, in some scenarios, it can fail to address several critical factors. Firstly, spots secured by seniority casts aside some of

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672-655: Is elected. In the Senate , if previous President of the Senate or his deputies are not elected for the next term, the oldest Senator serves as the Acting President presiding over the opening session gathered every two years, before election of the new president. Until 2009, the oldest member of the European Parliament presided over the opening of a new session and the election of the President of

728-412: Is most important when deciding which pilots to upgrade to a larger, more complex aircraft type; or for upgrading a First Officer to the rank of a Captain . Engine drivers with many railways also have a seniority list, but it is focused on work scheduling. Younger engine drivers often serve as back-up personnel and must help out on a very short notice – for example when a colleague calls in sick or has

784-627: Is then elected without much controversy. After supervising the election of the President of the Bundestag the Alterspräsident immediately yields his power to the elected president who, after receiving congratulations, takes over. The newly elected president will in turn supervise the elections of the Vice Presidents who form the Presidium of the Bundestag that organizes parliament sessions. Usually, each recognized faction proposes

840-542: The 2024 General Election , Diane Abbott was also described as the "Mother of the House" by Prime Minister Keir Starmer , and then Leader of the Opposition Rishi Sunak . The only formal duty of the Father of the House is to preside over the election of the Speaker of the House of Commons . The Father of the House may also participate in ceremonial events, and is the second member to be sworn in after

896-487: The Alterspräsident first ascertained himself that he was indeed the oldest member of the Bundestag by stating his date of birth and asking if anyone is present who was born before this date. If no older member of the Bundestag was present he would formally declare that he indeed is the Alterspräsident and will start proceedings. Starting from 2017, the prospective Alterspräsident states the number of years served in

952-526: The D'Hondt method . Since 2002, there are 14   constituencies, matching the Czech regions . A Cabinet is answerable to the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister stays in office only as long as they retain the support of a majority of its members. The quorum is set by law to one third (67) of elected deputies. Any changes to the constitutional laws must be approved by at least 60 percent of

1008-501: The Federal Republic until it was discontinued again before the 2017 German federal election to prevent any member of the upcoming Alternative for Germany (AfD), or any other new party, as the position was changed to refer to the longest sitting member. Thus the meaning of Alter (age, literally oldness) was shifted from Lebensalter (age of life) to Dienstalter (age of service). In accordance with tradition up to 2013,

1064-467: The House of Representatives , respectively. The Father and Mother of the House have no official role in Parliament. The current Father of the House is Gerry Brownlee who has served continuously since 1996 . The current Mother of the House is Judith Collins who has served continuously since 2002 . Following a general election, the eldest member of each of the lower ( Sejm ) and upper ( Senate ) houses of

1120-690: The National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia , the oldest MP serves as the Acting Speaker presiding over the constitutive session, before the Speaker is elected. Until his death on 23 March 2015, former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew was the longest-serving Member of Parliament ( Tanjong Pagar ) and thus the Father of the House. As of April 2015, emeritus Senior Minister and former Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong later became Father of

1176-453: The Parliament of Australia with the longest continuous service. The current Father of the House is Bob Katter (MP since 1993) and the current Mother of the Senate is Penny Wong (senator since 2002). According to House of Representatives Practice , the title Father of the House is a "completely informal designation" with "no functions attached to it". The equivalent publication for the Senate, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice , describes

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1232-471: The Verkhovna Rada . The deputy also reads aloud the oath. As the constitution was adopted in 1996, the rule was first applied to the opening of the third convocation. In the United States, the title "Father" of the House (although used for about a century starting in 1816) does not exist, but in the lower house, the House of Representatives the position known as Dean of the House is almost exactly

1288-520: The Bundestag also state that the Alterspräsident shall preside over sessions of the Bundestag at any given time during a legislative period, if the whole Presidium (i.e. the President and the Vice Presidents of the Bundestag) is altogether unable to perform its duties. With the number of vice presidents growing over time, this became unlikely. As the Alterspräsident' s opening speech usually draws

1344-417: The Bundestag and asks if anyone has served more years. The Alterspräsident then greets the present members and delivers the first programmatic speech. After appointing members to write down notes, the identity, affiliation to parties or factions and number of members is checked. The largest faction usually is asked who they propose as candidate for president, and according to another tradition, this candidate

1400-630: The Bundestag changed its rules of procedure to have the member with the longest service in the Bundestag serve as father of the house, rather than the oldest member. In Hong Kong, there is no such term as "Father of the House". Instead, the longest-serving member was termed the Senior Unofficial Member and was the highest-ranking unofficial member of the Executive Council and the Legislative Council until

1456-584: The Chamber of Deputies. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the Thun Palace in Malá Strana , Prague . Every citizen of the Czech Republic over 21 years old with the right to vote is eligible to be elected. The Deputy may not hold the office of Senator, President of the Czech Republic or judge, which also applies to certain positions specified by law. The office of the Deputy expires once: After

1512-482: The Dean of the House has been Hal Rogers , who was elected to the House of Representatives in 1980 and began serving in 1981. Seniority Seniority is the state of being older or placed in a higher position of status relative to another individual, group, or organization. For example, one employee may be senior to another either by role or rank (such as a CEO vice a manager), or by having more years served within

1568-474: The Dewan Rakyat after being defeated in 2022 Malaysian general election . Since 2022, Tan Kok Wai is now the "Father of the House", having served as MP continuously since 1986, firstly for Sungai Besi (1986–1995) and now Cheras (1995–present). In New Zealand, the terms "Father of the House" and "Mother of the House", as unofficial titles, designate the longest-continuously serving male or female MP of

1624-508: The Dáil in the February 1982 general election . On a number of occasions, two or more people have shared the position of Father of the Dáil. In Luxembourg , the longest-serving member of the Chamber of Deputies , per the Chamber's regulations, serves as President of the Chamber during the first session of a legislature, until a President is formally elected. They are assisted in this task by

1680-518: The European Parliament . Starting with the Frankfurter Nationalversammlung ( Frankfurt Parliament ) of 1848, and based on older regional traditions, basically all German nation-wide, state-level and lower parliaments had a father of the House at the start of each legislative period, usually called Alterspräsident (President by right of age). This elder statesman steps forward to break the tie among equal members, to open

1736-537: The House from 1892 to his death in 1915 at the age of 100, was also member of the Parliament from 1848 (whenever it was convened) and prior to that he was emissary of the Hungarian Diet, the predecessor of Parliament in Hungary, from 1832. Thus making him the longest serving member of Parliament in Hungary at a record of 82 years. In the beginning of some Knessets , the oldest member assumes temporary duties of

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1792-559: The House is Bloc Québécois MP Louis Plamondon , who was first elected to the Commons as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party in 1984 and serving as the Dean of the House since 2008. In the Chamber of Deputies , if previous President of the Chamber of Deputies or his deputies are not elected, the oldest MP serves as the Acting President presiding over the constitutive session, before new president

1848-554: The House, as the longest-serving MP ( Marine Parade ). Upon Goh's retirement in 2020, Senior Minister Lee Hsien Loong is Father of the House having served since 1984. In Sweden, the Riksdagsordningen  [ sv ] law states that the member of the Riksdag who has held their elected seat for the longest shall be the Ålderspresident which translates to President by age . The Ålderspresident acts as speaker of

1904-651: The Polish parliament is given the honorary post of Senior Marshal until the new permanent leaders of the houses, the Marshal of the Sejm and the Marshal of the Senate , are elected in a vote by their respective members. This normally takes place as the first item on the agenda at the first session, over which the Senior Marshal presides. Most recently, the title of Senior Marshal was bestowed on Marek Sawicki , member of

1960-556: The Riksdag after each election, before the Speaker of the Riksdag has been elected. The Ålderspresident also acts as speaker in case of hindrance on behalf of the Speaker and all three Deputy Speakers. Members of the Riksdag who has held the position of Ålderspresident since the abolition of bicameralism: According to article 82 of the Constitution of Ukraine, the oldest deputy opens the first session of each new convocation of

2016-598: The Senedd . The first to hold the title was Rod Richards , who was the first member to be sworn in following the first election to the legislature in 1999, while the current father is John Griffiths , who was also elected in 1999. In the Scottish Parliament , both Father of the House and Mother of the House are used for the longest serving Members of the Scottish Parliament . The current mother

2072-479: The Speaker. Among the twentieth-century Fathers, there were several very prominent figures; four former Prime Ministers became Father of the House, and a fifth, Henry Campbell-Bannerman , was simultaneously Father of the House and Prime Minister from 22 May 1907 until shortly before his death on 22 April 1908. In the Senedd of Wales, Father of the House is an official title bestowed on the longest-serving Member of

2128-477: The United States Government. Seniority is viewed sometimes both positively and negatively. Many elected officials are viewed as retaining their position only because they have been there for many years, which can reflect voter stagnancy and the benefits of incumbency. On the other hand, long years of incumbency can also be seen as a sign of the person's ability to continue pleasing voters or

2184-459: The X Sejm, and Michał Seweryński , senator of the XI Senate. Both assumed their roles on 13 November 2023, following the formation of the new parliament as a result of the 15 October general election . Traditionally when a new Russian parliament is formed the eldest deputy opens and manages the first session until a chairman is elected. In the history of the post-Soviet Dumas these were: In

2240-500: The cabinet. During a dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, the Senate has the authority to take legal measures in its place, if necessary. The Chamber of Deputies resides in three building complexes in Malá Strana , Prague. The main building with the plenary chamber is the Thun Palace , built at the end of the 17th century. It was rebuilt at the start of the 19th century to house the Bohemian Diet . The current plenary chamber

2296-467: The loss of the high wages they can expect when staying at a firm for a long time. Some collective agreements include so called bumping provision (also known as bumping rights . The bumping involves a senior employee whose job position is being eliminated to displace a junior worker from their job. The junior employee thus losing the job might then "bump" another, even more junior, person. Bumping rights usually come with restrictions, like requirement of

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2352-411: The most appealing perspectives. Individuals will become less driven to enter a field that does not reinforce their efforts with employment. Secondly, the security of tenure often encourages mediocrity. Employees with the knowledge that their spot in the workplace is secured will naturally become less likely to improve their working ethics as they may no longer view improvement as a necessity. Lastly,

2408-404: The oldest member of the National Assembly (previously House of Representatives , the lower house). Before the open session, the senior chairperson and junior notaries review the mandates of all the elected MPs in addition to their own. The member presides over the newly elected parliament until the appointment of the officials. It is also worth mentioning that József Madarász who was Father of

2464-428: The oldest member, the member with the longest aggregate service, or the member who entered the House longest ago. The first recorded usage of the term dates to 1788, in an obituary of Thomas Noel . In 2017, Harriet Harman was described as " Mother of the House " by Prime Minister Theresa May , in recognition of her status as the longest-continuously serving woman MP. During speeches at the re-opening of Parliament after

2520-412: The organization (such as one peer being accorded greater status over another due to amount of time in). The term "seniority" can apply to either concept or both concurrently. In some military command structures , the length of time someone has held a particular rank is called "seniority in grade" and determines whether that person is senior to another person of the same rank . For instance, a captain who

2576-496: The primary basis for pay raises for its workforce. The Reagan administration replaced a seniority-based system for pay increases for its white collar government workers. The new system included performance appraisal . In personnel economics , some researchers take the view that seniority pay is employed by firms as a solution to the problem of shirking. Since firms cannot always monitor the effort of their employees, they need to introduce an incentive for their employees to keep up

2632-560: The proceedings and to arrange the very first self-organizing election without external help from e.g. parliament employees. Then, the elected president takes over. This tradition was continued from the North German Confederation into the 1871 German Empire (also known as Weimar Republic after 1918) and, after being discontinued in Nazi Germany , was resumed in 1949 by the present Parliament ( Bundestag ) in

2688-422: The same position—that is, it is a largely ceremonial position bestowed on the member with the longest continuous service. Less similar is the position in the Senate (the upper house) known as President Pro Tempore , the holder of which has since 1945 gained the position through seniority, but who also must be a member of the party holding a majority in the Senate. Since March 2022, with the death of Don Young ,

2744-498: The speaker before the election of a permanent speaker , In the past it was the oldest member of Knesset, now it is the longest-serving member. The oldest member of the 24th Knesset is Benny Begin . In Ireland , the term Father of the Dáil is an unofficial title applied to the longest-serving Teachta Dála (TD) in Dáil Éireann . The current Fathers of the Dáil are Richard Bruton and Willie O'Dea having both been first elected to

2800-428: The title Father of the Senate as "now seldom referred to or used". It also notes that "as no woman senator has ever been in this situation, it is not clear what the title would be in that circumstance". The longest-serving member of the House of Commons who is not a cabinet minister is known as the Dean of the House, and presides over the election of the Speaker at the beginning of each Parliament. The current Dean of

2856-480: The title was abolished in 1995 and 1992 respectively. After the handover of Hong Kong , the member of the Legislative Council with the highest order of precedence, determined according to the length of continuous service in the council, was tasked with presiding over the election of President of the council, until 2017. In Hungary, the term országgyűlés korelnöke (President by the age) refers to

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2912-477: The two youngest members. In Malaysia, the term "Father of the House" is rarely used. However, Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah , who was elected in 1974, was the previous longest-serving MP in the Dewan Rakyat . He was also the oldest MP between 2008 and 2018 (then-age 81), when former Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad was reelected to the Dewan Rakyat at the age of 92. Both of them ended their long tenures in

2968-577: The use of seniority to deliver benefits to constituents. In some countries the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps receives special treatment. In unionised companies, employees with more seniority may enjoy more work privileges. Here are examples: Seniority also has an influence over bumping rights, which is a reassignment of jobs, possibly for many people at a time. Some traditionalist employers, common in smaller, single-operated business, take

3024-403: The work. One way firms can accomplish this is through delayed compensation, in which employees are paid below the value of what they are producing in the first years at a firm, and paid above the value of their production in later years. The continuous rising of the wage based on seniority at the firm ensures that shirking, which can lead to dismissal, becomes much more costly for employees due to

3080-671: Was built in 1861 for the reinstated Bohemian Diet after it was dissolved by the Austrian-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1849. The second building was the seat of the Governors of the Kingdom of Bohemia appointed by the emperor, located on Malá Strana Square . The last building complex includes the Smiřický Palace and Šternberk Palace at the opposite side of the square. During this time

3136-672: Was promoted five years ago can give orders to a captain who was promoted three years ago. Seniority in United States politics , when used out of context, is informally defined as the number of years one member of a group has been a part of the group. As of March 2022, Hal Rogers is Dean of the United States House of Representatives , the most senior member of the House of Representatives , having represented Kentucky since 1981 (21 terms). However, "seniority" can also refer to political power attained by position within

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