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77-461: The Palácio da Alvorada is used as a residence and for official receptions. The president's workplace and center of the executive branch is the Palácio do Planalto . The building was initially referred to as the "Presidential Palace". The name "Palácio da Alvorada" ("Palace of Dawn") comes from a quote by Juscelino Kubitschek : " Que é Brasília, senão a alvorada de um novo dia para o Brasil? " ("What

154-521: A metonym for the executive branch of the federal government. 15°47′57″S 47°51′39″W  /  15.79917°S 47.86083°W  / -15.79917; -47.86083 The building, constructed in the modernist style , is part of the Brasília World Heritage Site , designated by UNESCO in 1987. The presidential palace was a major feature of the plan for the newly established federal capital, Brasília. Oscar Niemeyer

231-542: A characteristically constant feature of human life have developed into stylized and intricate forms. This is achieved through sustained and deliberate study, training, or theorizing within a particular tradition, generations, and even between civilizations . The arts are a vehicle through which human beings cultivate distinct social, cultural, and individual identities while transmitting values, impressions, judgements, ideas, visions, spiritual meanings, patterns of life, and experiences across time and space. Prominent examples of

308-473: A group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture, and decorate the pottery. Some pottery is regarded as art pottery . In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery . Ceramics excludes glass and mosaics made from glass tesserae . Conceptual art is art wherein the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The inception of

385-441: A means of developing capacities of attention and sensitivity and ends in themselves , the arts can simultaneously be a form of response to the world. It is a way to transform our responses and what we deem worthwhile goals or pursuits. From prehistoric cave paintings to ancient and contemporary forms of ritual to modern-day films , art has served to register, embody, and preserve our ever-shifting relationships with each other and

462-402: A mixture of antique and contemporary Brazilian and foreign furniture. Two torch holders in golden wood and two sacred pieces are among them – The Holy Family and Sant’Ana Maestra – sitting on an 18th-century table. On the wall, an Aldemir Martins painting entitled Vaqueiro and two works of art made by Candido Portinari – Jangadas do Nordeste and Os Seringueiros stand out. The Music Room

539-470: A tapestry by Di Cavalcanti entitled Múmias , three indigenous funerary urns from Marajó Island , and two sculptures by Alfredo Ceschiatti. The Dining Room was added in 1992, and is decorated with a table and twelve English chairs in Chippendale style and two other Brazilian tables from the 18th century. Seventeenth-century Flemish paintings by Cornelis de Heem and Jan van Huysum stand out in

616-401: Is Brasília, if not the dawn of a new day for Brazil?"). The Palácio da Alvorada was the first government structure built in the new federal capital . Construction began on April 3, 1957, and was completed on June 30, 1958. Niemeyer's project was based on the principles of simplicity and modernity . In 2004, First Lady Marisa Letícia directed the most extensive and historical restoration of

693-546: Is a 19th-century cedar dresser, next to two chests dated from the beginning of the 20th century. It is decorated by two tapestries entitled Saudades do Meu Jardim , from Concessa Colaço, a sculpture Edificação , by André Bloc , and silverware from the Catete Palace . The second floor is the residential part of the palace, with the presidential apartment consisting of four suites, two guest apartments and other private rooms. There are 160 employees currently working at

770-509: Is a performance over time that combines any number of instruments, objects, and art within a predefined or less well-defined structure, some of which can be improvised. Performance art may be scripted, unscripted, random, or carefully organized—even audience participation may occur. John Cage is regarded by many as a performance artist rather than a composer, although he preferred the latter term. He did not compose for traditional ensembles. Cage's composition Living Room Music , composed in 1940,

847-403: Is a quartet for unspecified instruments, really non-melodic objects, that can be found in the living room of a typical house, hence the title. The applied arts are the application of design and decoration to everyday, functional objects to make them aesthetically pleasing. The applied arts include fields such as industrial design , illustration , and commercial art. The term "applied art"

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924-411: Is called a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on social , cultural , aesthetic , artistic , and moral constraints and range from functional movement (such as folk dance ) to codified virtuoso techniques such as ballet . In sports: gymnastics, figure skating , and synchronized swimming are dance disciplines. In martial arts, " kata " is compared to dances. Music

1001-666: Is conducive to involvement in more traditional art forms. In 2011, the National Endowment of the Arts included video games in its definition of a "work of art", and the Smithsonian American Art Museum presented an exhibit titled The Art of the Video Game in 2012. Art criticism is the discussion or evaluation of art. Art critics usually criticize art in the context of aesthetics or

1078-582: Is decorated with a tapestry by Emiliano Di Cavalcanti – Músicos – and three framed old maps: South America (1645), Brazil (undated) and Captaincies of Brazil (1656). There are also two small oil paintings, Moça Sentada ao Piano (1857) and Senhora Sentada (1885), by Rodolfo Amoedo . The Mezzanine is a circulation area between the Entrance Hall, the Library and the Noble Room. It features

1155-438: Is decorated with a tapestry made by Concessa Colaço entitled Manhã de Cores ; two paintings by Vicente do Rego Monteiro – Abstração and Céu ; and a work of art from Carlos Scliar entitled Os Barcos Esperam . The State Room is furnished with a mixture of contemporary and antique items. The main wall is made of jacarandá-da-baía . Two sacred images stand out, Saint Mary Magdalene and Saint Teresa of Ávila , both from

1232-445: Is defined as an art form whose medium is a combination of sounds. Though scholars agree that music generally consists of a few core elements , their exact definitions are debated. Commonly identified aspects include pitch (which governs melody and harmony), duration (including rhythm and tempo ), intensity (including dynamics), and timbre . Though considered a cultural universal , definitions of music vary wildly throughout

1309-596: Is literally "acquaintance with letters", as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary . The noun "literature" comes from the Latin word littera , meaning "an individual written character ( letter )." The term has generally come to identify a collection of writings , which in Western culture are mainly prose (both fiction and non-fiction), drama, and poetry. In much, if not all, of

1386-527: Is located between the Noble Room and the Banquet Room. It features two upholstered sets of sofas separated by a German parlor grand piano . In the back, on a wood dresser stand the statues of Saint John the Evangelist (17th century), Saint Joachim (18th century). The Banquet Room was designed by Anna Maria Niemeyer, and features a large dining table with fifty seats. In the back of the room there

1463-471: Is often categorized as the performing arts of music, the word itself is Italian for "works", because opera combines artistic disciplines into a singular artistic experience. In a traditional opera, the work uses the following: the sets, costumes, acting, the libretto , singers and an orchestra. The composer Richard Wagner recognized the fusion of so many disciplines into a single work of opera, exemplified by his cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen ("The Ring of

1540-425: Is primarily used for events based on international themes. A large panel created by Roberto Burle Marx decorates the area. The Supreme Meeting Room was built in 1990 and is normally used for ministerial, government and presidential meetings. The third floor houses the office of the president and their senior staff. It also houses the mezzanine , a large area composed of waiting rooms and a circulation area between

1617-617: Is referred to as a drafter , draftswoman , or draughtsman . Drawing can be used to create art used in cultural industries such as illustrations , comics, and animation. Comics are often called the "ninth art" ( le neuvième art ) in Francophone scholarship, adding to the traditional "Seven Arts". Painting is considered to be a form of self-expression. Drawing, gesture (as in gestural painting ), composition , narration (as in narrative art ), or abstraction (as in abstract art ), among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest

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1694-573: Is that local colour is defined by an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident, for example, in the art of India , Tibet , and Japan . Islamic art avoids the representation of living beings, particularly humans and other animals, in religious contexts. It instead expresses religious ideas through calligraphy and geometrical designs. In the Middle Ages, liberal arts were taught in European universities as part of

1771-514: Is the art and science of designing buildings and structures . A wider definition would include the design of the built environment, from the macro level of urban planning , urban design , and landscape architecture , to the micro level of creating furniture. The word architecture comes from the Latin architectūra , from architectus "master builder, director of works." Architectural design usually must address feasibility and cost for

1848-464: Is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound, and spectacle. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as opera, ballet, mime, kabuki , classical Indian dance , and Chinese opera . Areas exist in which artistic works incorporate multiple artistic fields, such as film, opera, and performance art. While opera

1925-402: Is the main entrance area of the palace. Its main feature is a golden wall inscribed with a phrase by president Kubitschek: "From this central plateau, this vast emptiness that will soon become the center of national decisions, I look once more at the future of my country and foresee this dawn with an unshakeable faith in its great destiny - Juscelino Kubitschek, October 2, 1956". The Waiting Room

2002-596: Is the official workplace of the president of Brazil . The building was designed by Oscar Niemeyer in 1958 and inaugurated on 21 April 1960. It has been the workplace of every Brazilian president since Juscelino Kubitschek . It is located at the Praça dos Três Poderes (Three Powers Plaza), to the east of the National Congress of Brazil and across from the Supreme Federal Court . It is one of

2079-708: Is the principal product. Performing arts are distinguished by this performance element in contrast with disciplines such as visual and literary arts, where the product is an object that does not require a performance to be observed and experienced. Each discipline in the performing arts is temporal in nature, meaning the product is performed over a period of time. Products are broadly categorized as being either repeatable (for example, by script or score) or improvised for each performance. Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audience are called performers , including actors , magicians , comedians , dancers , musicians , and singers . Performing arts are also supported by

2156-548: Is used for private meetings between the president and members of their direct staff. The guest room is used for formal meetings between the president and foreign heads of state and government. The fourth floor contains a large lounge area and the offices of senior government officials, including the Chief of Staff and the Chief of the Institutional Security Cabinet . The lounge area was created during

2233-440: Is used in distinction to the fine arts , where the latter is defined as arts that aim to produce objects that are beautiful or provide intellectual stimulation but have no primary everyday function. In practice, the two often overlap. Video games are multidisciplinary works that include non-controversially artistic elements such as visuals and sound, as well as an emergent experience from the nature of their interactivity. Within

2310-551: The Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil ('Bank of Brazil Cultural Center') and to the Itamaraty Palace . On 8 January 2023, the building was attacked by supporters of former president Jair Bolsonaro . The presidential palace was a major feature of Costa's plan for the newly established capital city. Niemeyer's idea was to project an image of simplicity and modernity using fine lines and waves to compose

2387-707: The Impressionists ). Some art movements themselves were named disparagingly by critics, with the name later adopted as a badge of honour by the artists of the style with the original negative meaning forgotten, e.g. Impressionism and Cubism . Artists have had an uneasy relationship with their critics. Artists usually need positive opinions from critics for their work to be viewed and purchased. Many variables determine judgement of art such as aesthetics, cognition or perception. Aesthetic, pragmatic, expressive, formalist, relativist, processional, imitation, ritual, cognition, mimetic, and postmodern theories, are some of

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2464-710: The Presidential Guard Battalion and by the 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment ('Independence Dragoons'), of the Brazilian Army . The ceremonial guard sentry duties are rotated among those two units every six months, and a change of the guard ceremony takes place to mark the rotation. Arts The arts or creative arts are a vast range of human practices of creative expression , storytelling , and cultural participation. The arts encompass diverse and plural modes of thinking, doing, and being in an extensive range of media . Both dynamic and

2541-594: The Trivium , an introductory curriculum involving grammar , rhetoric , and logic , and of the Quadrivium , a curriculum involving the "mathematical arts" of arithmetic , geometry , music, and astronomy . In modern academia , the arts can be grouped with, or as a subset of, the humanities . The arts have been classified as seven: painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, performing , and cinema. Some view literature, painting, sculpture, and music as

2618-446: The builder , as well as function and aesthetics for the user . In modern usage, architecture is the art and discipline of creating or inferring an implied or apparent plan for a complex object or system . Some types of architecture manipulate space, volume, texture, light, shadow, or abstract elements, to achieve pleasing aesthetics. Architectural works may be seen as cultural and political symbols , or works of art. The role of

2695-411: The chapel and the heliport . The basement level houses the movie theater , game room, kitchen, laundry, medical center, and the building's administration. The ground floor houses the state rooms used by the presidency for official receptions. It is made up of the Entrance Hall, Waiting Room, State Room, Library, Mezzanine, Dining Room, Noble Room, Music Room and Banquet Room. The Entrance Hall

2772-596: The federal government 's programs. The hall features a sculpture by Franz Weissman and three sculptures by Zezinho de Tracunhaém. Also located on the first floor is the Presidential Gallery, housing the official portraits of the former presidents of Brazil. The second floor houses the East, Noble and West rooms, as well as the Supreme Meeting Room and Press Secretariat. The East Room is where

2849-405: The video game community , debates surround whether video games should be classified as an art form and whether game developers — AAA or indie —should be classified as artists. Hideo Kojima , a video game designer considered a gaming auteur , argued in 2006 that video games are a type of service rather than an art form. In the social sciences, cultural economists show how playing video games

2926-489: The 18th century Baroque style. Kennedy Bahia’s tapestry , entitled Flora e Fauna da Bahia , stands out on the wall, as well as paintings made by Djanira da Motta e Silva entitled Colhendo Café ; by Maria Leontina, entitled Cena II ; and by Alfredo Volpi entitled Fachada em Oval . The Library's book collection includes 3406 literary works that range from arts , philosophy , politics and literature to general history and Brazilian history, among others. The library

3003-456: The 2010 restoration and is decorated with modernist Brazilian furniture from the 1960s. Highlights in the lounge include: a tapestry by Alberto Nicola; a draft of Tiradentes ' bust, by Bruno Giorgi; and Cena Indígena, by Giovanni Oppido. Two large panels by Athos Bulcão are also seen on the side walls that lead to the lounge. The Palace is open to public visitation on Sundays, from 9:30 am to 2 pm. Guided tours last 20 minutes. During

3080-529: The Brazilian Central Plateau, where Brasília is located. In March 2009, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ordered an extensive restoration of the palace. Decades of poor maintenance had taken a great toll on the structure built in 1958. The restoration was completed on 24 August 2010, at a cost of R$ 111 million. The restoration focused on: installing new electricity, water and central air conditioning systems; complete dismantling of

3157-633: The Nibelung"). He did not use the term opera for his works, but instead Gesamtkunstwerk ("synthesis of the arts"), sometimes referred to as "music drama" in English, emphasizing the literary and theatrical components, which were as important as the music. Classical ballet is another form that emerged in the 17th century in which orchestral music is combined with dance. Other works in the late 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries have fused other disciplines in creative ways, such as performance art. Performance art

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3234-402: The Noble Room, the presidential office and the offices of the senior advisors. The waiting rooms are decorated with furniture by Sergio Rodrigues and Oscar Niemeyer, and paintings by Emiliano Di Cavalcanti , Firmino Saldanha, Frans Krajcberg , Geraldo de Barros and Frank Schaeffer. The bronze sculpture called O Flautista , by Bruno Giorgi , used to ornament the area but was destroyed during

3311-536: The architect, though changing, has been central to the design and implementation of pleasingly built environments, in which people live. Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials (including clay ), which may take forms such as pottery , tile , figurines , sculpture, and tableware . While some ceramic products are considered fine art , others are considered decorative , industrial , or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology . Ceramic art can be made by one person or by

3388-421: The arts and politics, particularly between various kinds of art and power , occurs across history and cultures . As they respond to events and politics, the arts take on political as well as social dimensions, becoming themselves a focus of controversy and a force of political and social change . One observation is that an artist has a free spirit . For instance Pushkin , a well-regarded writer, attracted

3465-693: The arts include: visual arts (including architecture , ceramics , drawing , filmmaking , painting , photography , and sculpting ), literary arts (including fiction , drama , poetry , and prose ), and performing arts (including dance , music , and theatre ). They can employ skill and imagination to produce objects and performances , convey insights and experiences , and construct new environments and spaces. The arts can refer to common, popular, or everyday practices as well as more sophisticated, systematic, or institutionalized ones. They can be discrete and self-contained or combine and interweave with other art forms, such as combining artwork with

3542-409: The central four arts, of which the others are derivative; drama is literature with acting, dance is music expressed through motion , and song is music with literature and voice . Film is sometimes called the "eighth" and comics the "ninth art" in Francophone scholarship, adding to the traditional "Seven Arts". Cultural fields like gastronomy are only sometimes considered as arts. Architecture

3619-445: The columns and exterior structures. The longitudinal lines of the palace are kept by a sequence of columns whose design is a variation of those at the Palácio da Alvorada , although they were arranged transversely to the body of the building. The palace's façade is also composed by two strong elements: the ramp leading to the hall and the parlatorium (speaker's platform), from where the president and foreign heads of state can address

3696-411: The expression of Christian themes due to the overlap of church and state . Eastern art has generally worked in style akin to Western medieval art , namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (meaning the plain colour of an object, such as basic red for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade, and reflection). A characteristic of this style

3773-417: The expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Paintings can be a wide variety of topics, such as photographic , abstract, narrative, symbolistic ( Symbolist art ), emotive ( Expressionism ), or political in nature ( Artivism ). Some modern painters incorporate different materials, such as sand , cement, straw , wood, or strands of hair, for their artwork texture . Examples of this are

3850-406: The field of criticism is between historical criticism and evaluation, a form of art history , and contemporary criticism of work by living artists. Despite perceptions that criticism is a lower-risk activity than making art, opinions of current art are liable to corrections with the passage of time. Critics of the past can be ridiculed for dismissing artists now venerated (like the early work of

3927-617: The government, but was part of an ongoing project of restoration of heritage sites under the direction of the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage with funds donated by private corporations (for tax-deduction). In January 2023, it was widely reported that Jair Bolsonaro , who lived in the building during his term as 38th President of Brazil , had "wrecked" the palace, leaving torn carpets and sofas, leaking ceilings, and broken windows and floorboards. A tapestry by Emiliano Di Cavalcanti had reportedly been moved from

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4004-472: The interior spaces and construction of new interior divisions; restoration of the exterior marble and granite façade; construction of an underground parking garage for 500 vehicles; substitution of the electrical generators; restoration of windows and doors; construction of emergency stairs; and technology upgrades During the restoration process, the Executive Office was transferred temporarily to

4081-441: The invasion of Congress on 8 January 2023. The president's office consists of three separate environments: office, meeting room and guest room. The president's office is decorated with modernist Brazilian furniture dating from the 1940s to the 1960s, and silverware from the Catete Palace . The highlights in this room are two large paintings by Djanira da Motta e Silva: Colhendo Bananas and Praia do Nordeste . The meeting room

4158-470: The irritation of Russian officialdom and particularly the Tsar , since he "instead of being a good servant of the state in the rank and file of the administration and extolling conventional virtues in his vocational writings (if write he must), composed extremely arrogant and extremely independent and extremely wicked verse in which dangerous freedom of thought was evident in the novelty of his versification, in

4235-539: The library and hung into the sun, necessitating restoration work, and some artworks had disappeared entirely. A Brazilian cactus planted by Bolsonaro's predecessor and successor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , had been removed, and a ballpoint pen – which Bolsonaro had used as a symbol of his administration – had been left on the desk. The building has an area of 7,000 square metres (75,000 sq ft) distributed along three floors: basement, landing and second floor. Located in adjacent buildings within palace grounds are

4312-628: The many theories to criticize and appreciate art. Art criticism and appreciation can be subjective based on personal preference toward aesthetics and form, or on the elements and principles of design and by social and cultural acceptance. Arts in education is a field of educational research and practice informed by investigations into learning through arts experiences. In this context, the arts can include performing arts education (dance, drama, music), literature and poetry, storytelling , visual arts education in film, craft , design, digital art , media and photography. A strong relationship between

4389-613: The new capital city, along with the National Congress and the Supreme Federal Court. The inauguration ceremony was attended by several foreign leaders and attracted thousands of spectators, as it symbolised the transfer of the capital city from Rio de Janeiro to the center of the country. The palace owes its name to the Brazilian Highlands (the term planalto meaning highland), specifically

4466-647: The official palaces of the Presidency, along with the Palácio da Alvorada , the official residence. Besides the president, other high ranking government officials also work from the Planalto , including the Vice-President and the Chief of Staff ; the other government ministry buildings are located on the Ministries Esplanade . As the seat of government, the term Planalto is often used as

4543-400: The palace in its history. The project took two years to complete at a cost of $ 18.4 million dollars . Research was conducted to restore the rooms and décor to their original styles. Furniture and decoration objects were also restored. The electric and central air conditioning systems were replaced, and floor and ceiling work was done. Contrary to popular belief, the restoration was not paid by

4620-499: The palace, including secretaries, assistants, waiters, cooks, doctors and security personnel. The palace complex is protected by the Presidential Guard Battalion . 15°47′33.98″S 47°49′19.83″W  /  15.7927722°S 47.8221750°W  / -15.7927722; -47.8221750 Pal%C3%A1cio do Planalto The Palácio do Planalto ( Portuguese pronunciation: [paˈlasju du plaˈnawtu] ) in Brasília

4697-432: The pool. The Palace has an area of 36,000 square metres (390,000 sq ft). The main building has four floors above ground and one floor underground. The heliport is located by the north façade of the building. The first floor consists of the main reception area, access control and security, entrance hall and press office. The large entrance hall is used frequently for temporary exhibitions on themes related to

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4774-547: The president signs decrees and other pieces of legislation. The Noble Room, also called the Mirror Hall, is the largest in the palace. It is used for large ceremonies, with a capacity to hold 1,000 guests. The highlights in this hall are Haroldo Barroso's sculpture Evoluções and Djanira da Motta e Silva 's painting Os Orixás . The West Room was designed for medium-sized events, with a capacity to hold from 300 to 500 people. Due to its ample size and generous ceiling height, it

4851-532: The public at the Three Powers Plaza . A reflecting pool was built in 1991 to increase security around the palace and to balance humidity levels during the long dry season in Brasília. It has an approximate area of 1,635 square metres (17,600 sq ft), holding 1,900 cubic metres (67,000 cu ft) of water, with a depth of 110 centimetres (3.6 ft). Several Japanese carp live in

4928-530: The room. Besides these works of art, the room is also decorated with two Baroque-style angels from the state of Minas Gerais , and a set of porcelain from the East India Company dating back to the 18th century. The Noble Room is divided into four sections in which stand out two Victor Brecheret sculptures, entitled Morena and Saindo do Banho . The contemporary section is decorated with Mies van der Rohe ’s furniture. The last two sections display

5005-400: The services of other artists or essential workers, such as songwriting and stagecraft . Performers adapt their appearance with tools such as costumes and stage makeup . Dance generally refers to human movement , either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual , or performance setting. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this

5082-606: The term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused practice of idea-based art that defied traditional visual criteria associated with the visual arts in its presentation as text. Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s, its popular usage, particularly in the United Kingdom, developed as a synonym for all contemporary art that does not practice

5159-408: The theory of beauty. A goal of art criticism is the pursuit of a rational basis for art appreciation but it is questionable whether such criticism can transcend prevailing sociopolitical circumstances. The variety of artistic movements has resulted in a division of art criticism into different disciplines, which may each use different criteria for their judgements. The most common division in

5236-629: The traditional skills of painting and sculpture. Drawing is a means of making an image using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils , pen and ink, inked brushes , wax coloured pencils , crayons , charcoals , pastels , and markers . Digital tools with similar effects are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are line drawing, hatching , cross-hatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling , and blending. An artist who excels in drawing

5313-597: The visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts . Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, such as clay), in stone , metal, ceramics , wood, and other materials, but shifts in sculptural processes have led to almost complete freedom of materials and processes following modernism . A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or moulded or cast . Literature (also known as literary arts or language arts )

5390-460: The week, access to the building is restricted to authorised personnel. It is difficult to see the president, as they are often escorted into the Palace through the north entrance or arrive by helicopter . The ramp in front of the Palace is only used during special ceremonies, such as presidential inaugurations and state visits by foreign heads of state and government. The building is protected by

5467-472: The word techne . Ancient Greek art brought the veneration of the animal form and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty, and anatomically correct proportions. Ancient Roman art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features, e.g. Zeus ' thunderbolt. In Byzantine and Gothic art of the Middle Ages , the dominant church insisted on

5544-406: The works of Jean Dubuffet or Anselm Kiefer . Photography as an art form refers to photographs that are created in accordance with the creative vision of the photographer. Art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism , which provides a visual account of news events, and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to advertise products or services. Sculpture is the branch of

5621-496: The world as they are based on diverse views of nature , the supernatural, and humanity. Music is differentiated into composition and performance, while musical improvisation may be regarded as an intermediary tradition. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between genres are subtle, open to individual interpretation, and controversial. Theatre or theater (from Greek theatron ( θέατρον ); from theasthai , "behold" )

5698-450: The world, artistic linguistic expression can be oral as well and include such genres as epic , legend , myth , ballad , other forms of oral poetry, and folktales . Comics, the combination of drawings or other visual arts with narrating literature, are called the "ninth art" ( le neuvième art ) in Francophone scholarship. Performing arts comprise dance, music, theatre, opera , mime , and other art forms in which human performance

5775-407: The world. The arts are considered various practices or objects done by people with skill, creativity, and imagination across cultures and history, viewed as a group. These activities include painting, sculpture, music, theatre, literature, and more. Art refers to the way of doing or applying human creative skills, typically in visual form. In Ancient Greece , art and craft were referred to by

5852-487: The written word in comics . They can also develop or contribute to some particular aspect of a more complex art form, as in cinematography . By definition, the arts themselves are open to being continually redefined. The practice of modern art , for example, is a testament to the shifting boundaries, improvisation and experimentation, reflexive nature, and self-criticism or questioning that art and its conditions of production, reception, and possibility can undergo. As both

5929-519: Was chosen as the architect of the Palácio do Planalto and the building's construction, led by Construtora Rabello S.A., began on 10 July 1958. The Executive Office was temporarily headquartered at the Catetinho , on the outskirts of Brasília, during construction. The palace was officially inaugurated on 21 April 1960, by President Juscelino Kubitschek. It was one of the first buildings inaugurated in

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