109-757: Al Ahly Sporting Club ( Arabic : النادي الأهلى للرياضة البدنية ), commonly known as Al Ahly , is an Egyptian professional sports club based in Cairo , Egypt . The club is mainly known for its professional football team which currently plays in the Egyptian Premier League , the highest tier in the Egyptian football league system . The club is renowned for its consistent success at both domestic and continental levels, regularly contending in CAF tournaments. Founded on 24 April 1907 by Omar Lotfy, Al Ahly has
218-579: A 0–1 loss. Al Ahly reached a continental final again in 1984, this time in the African Cup Winners' Cup against Canon Yaoundé . Al-Ahly won on penalties after a 1–1 draw in both games. The 1984–85 season was one of the best seasons in the history of Al Ahly, as the club won the cup and the league, as well as winning the African Cup Winners Cup for the second time in a row by defeating Leventis United 2–1 on aggregate. For
327-642: A 1–0 win at the Cairo Stadium. This was the fourth time Al Ahly had defeated a European champion, the others being a 3–2 victory over Benfica in 1963, a 2–1 win against Bayern Munich in 1977, and a 3–0 win against Steaua București in 1986. Al Ahly won the African Champions League title after a 4–1 on aggregate victory over Mamelodi Sundowns . The first leg was held on 8 December at the Loftus Versfeld Stadium in
436-575: A collection of related dialects that constitute the precursor of Arabic, first emerged during the Iron Age . Previously, the earliest attestation of Old Arabic was thought to be a single 1st century CE inscription in Sabaic script at Qaryat al-Faw , in southern present-day Saudi Arabia. However, this inscription does not participate in several of the key innovations of the Arabic language group, such as
545-435: A corpus of poetic texts, in addition to Qur'an usage and Bedouin informants whom he considered to be reliable speakers of the ʿarabiyya . Arabic spread with the spread of Islam . Following the early Muslim conquests , Arabic gained vocabulary from Middle Persian and Turkish . In the early Abbasid period , many Classical Greek terms entered Arabic through translations carried out at Baghdad's House of Wisdom . By
654-519: A difficult victory in the King Farouk Cup final against El Sekka El Hadid. Following the dethroning of King Farouk in the 1952 revolution , Ahly appointed Gamal Abdel Nasser as club honorary president. In the 1951–52 season, the league championship was cancelled due to the Egyptian revolution that year, and to allow the national team to prepare for the 1952 Summer Olympics . However,
763-578: A goalless Cairo derby draw in the last round. Al Ahly reached the semi-final of 1981 African Cup of Champions Clubs but withdrew due to the assassination of the President Anwar Sadat . Al Ahly won the 1982 African Cup of Champions Clubs , known today as the CAF Champions League , defeating Asante Kotoko S.C. in the final. he first leg was held on 28 November at the Cairo Stadium in front of 60,000 spectators. They won
872-487: A lesser extent and more recently from Turkish, English, French, and Italian. Arabic is spoken by as many as 380 million speakers, both native and non-native, in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world, and the fourth most used language on the internet in terms of users. It also serves as the liturgical language of more than 2 billion Muslims . In 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked Arabic
981-703: A millennium before the modern period . Early lexicographers ( لُغَوِيُّون lughawiyyūn ) sought to explain words in the Quran that were unfamiliar or had a particular contextual meaning, and to identify words of non-Arabic origin that appear in the Quran. They gathered shawāhid ( شَوَاهِد 'instances of attested usage') from poetry and the speech of the Arabs—particularly the Bedouin ʾaʿrāb [ ar ] {{main other| ( أَعْراب ) who were perceived to speak
1090-486: A player and also led the club to win the first league in the club's history as a manager, achieving a double of the league and the cup for the first time after defeating Zamalek 3–1 in the 1949 King Farouk Cup final. Toto, Hussein Madkour and Fathi Khattab scored for Al Ahly. The 1949–50 season was a historical superiority for Al Ahly, winning all the local championships. Al Ahly won the Egyptian Premier League after
1199-611: A record of 2 Arab Super Cups , and has won 4 bronze medals in the FIFA Club World Cup and 1 FIFA African-Asian-Pacific Cup in the FIFA Intercontinental Cup . With 27 official continental titles, Al Ahly was voted by CAF as the African club of the 20th century. The idea of establishing Al Ahly came in the first 10 years of the 20th century and was firstly raised by Omar Lotfy, who was a student in
SECTION 10
#17327732224971308-486: A record of 44 Egyptian Premier League titles, 39 Egypt Cup titles and 15 Egyptian Super Cups . Al Ahly is the most successful club in Africa . In international competitions, the club has won a record 12 CAF Champions League titles, 1 CAF Confederation Cup , a record of 8 CAF Super Cups , a record of 4 African Cup Winners' Cups , 1 Afro-Asian Club Championship , 1 Arab Club Champions Cup , 1 Arab Cup Winners' Cup ,
1417-462: A script derived from ASA attest to a language known as Hasaitic . On the northwestern frontier of Arabia, various languages known to scholars as Thamudic B , Thamudic D, Safaitic , and Hismaic are attested. The last two share important isoglosses with later forms of Arabic, leading scholars to theorize that Safaitic and Hismaic are early forms of Arabic and that they should be considered Old Arabic . Linguists generally believe that "Old Arabic",
1526-576: A season since the league began in 1948. Al Ahly also won their second Egyptian Super Cup in July 2005 by defeating Enppi 1–0. At the end of 2005, the club clinched the CAF Champions League for the fourth time in their history after defeating Étoile du Sahel 3–0 in the final in Cairo. The first leg was played on 29 October at the Stade Olympique de Sousse , Tunisia , and ended 0–0. The second leg
1635-470: A single language, despite mutual incomprehensibility among differing spoken versions. From a linguistic standpoint, it is often said that the various spoken varieties of Arabic differ among each other collectively about as much as the Romance languages . This is an apt comparison in a number of ways. The period of divergence from a single spoken form is similar—perhaps 1500 years for Arabic, 2000 years for
1744-556: A strong competition with Ismaily SC , which was only decided by a playoff match in which the club won 4–3 in Alexandria. Al Ahly participated in the Arab Championships for the first time in 1994 after a decision to boycott the African tournaments due to weak financial returns and complaints about the refereeing decisions in the 1994 CAF Super Cup . Al Ahly won the 1994 Arab Cup Winners' Cup by defeating Al Shabab in
1853-516: A tie in points with Tersana . The league winner was decided by a play-off match with Al Ahly winning the match against Tersana 2–1. The club also won the Cairo League , one point ahead of Tersana. In the Egypt Cup, Al Ahly defeated Tersana in the final 6–0. In the 1950–51 season, Al Ahly won the league for the third consecutive time despite the strong competition with Zamalek, as well as
1962-507: A type of Arabic. Cypriot Arabic is recognized as a minority language in Cyprus. The sociolinguistic situation of Arabic in modern times provides a prime example of the linguistic phenomenon of diglossia , which is the normal use of two separate varieties of the same language, usually in different social situations. Tawleed is the process of giving a new shade of meaning to an old classical word. For example, al-hatif lexicographically means
2071-507: A variety of regional vernacular Arabic dialects , which are not necessarily mutually intelligible. Classical Arabic is the language found in the Quran , used from the period of Pre-Islamic Arabia to that of the Abbasid Caliphate . Classical Arabic is prescriptive, according to the syntactic and grammatical norms laid down by classical grammarians (such as Sibawayh ) and the vocabulary defined in classical dictionaries (such as
2180-637: A week earlier. Al Ahly won the CAF Champions league for the sixth time with a 4–2 win on aggregate over Coton Sport FC de Garoua in the final, after finishing the first leg with a 2–0 win and drawing in the second leg 2–2. The club set off for the Club World Cup again, but lost against C.F. Pachuca and Adelaide Football Club . The club started the 2008–09 season winning the CAF Super Cup after defeating CS Sfaxien 2–1, before starting
2289-476: A wider audience." In the wake of the industrial revolution and European hegemony and colonialism , pioneering Arabic presses, such as the Amiri Press established by Muhammad Ali (1819), dramatically changed the diffusion and consumption of Arabic literature and publications. Rifa'a al-Tahtawi proposed the establishment of Madrasat al-Alsun in 1836 and led a translation campaign that highlighted
SECTION 20
#17327732224972398-590: Is a minimum level of comprehension between all Arabic dialects, this level can increase or decrease based on geographic proximity: for example, Levantine and Gulf speakers understand each other much better than they do speakers from the Maghreb. The issue of diglossia between spoken and written language is a complicating factor: A single written form, differing sharply from any of the spoken varieties learned natively, unites several sometimes divergent spoken forms. For political reasons, Arabs mostly assert that they all speak
2507-559: Is a sister language rather than their direct ancestor. Arabia had a wide variety of Semitic languages in antiquity. The term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula , as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece . In the southwest, various Central Semitic languages both belonging to and outside the Ancient South Arabian family (e.g. Southern Thamudic) were spoken. It
2616-478: Is believed that the ancestors of the Modern South Arabian languages (non-Central Semitic languages) were spoken in southern Arabia at this time. To the north, in the oases of northern Hejaz , Dadanitic and Taymanitic held some prestige as inscriptional languages. In Najd and parts of western Arabia, a language known to scholars as Thamudic C is attested. In eastern Arabia, inscriptions in
2725-408: Is credited with establishing the rules of Arabic prosody . Al-Jahiz (776–868) proposed to Al-Akhfash al-Akbar an overhaul of the grammar of Arabic, but it would not come to pass for two centuries. The standardization of Arabic reached completion around the end of the 8th century. The first comprehensive description of the ʿarabiyya "Arabic", Sībawayhi's al - Kitāb , is based first of all upon
2834-472: Is credited with standardizing Arabic grammar , or an-naḥw ( النَّحو "the way" ), and pioneering a system of diacritics to differentiate consonants ( نقط الإعجام nuqaṭu‿l-i'jām "pointing for non-Arabs") and indicate vocalization ( التشكيل at-tashkīl ). Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (718–786) compiled the first Arabic dictionary, Kitāb al-'Ayn ( كتاب العين "The Book of the Letter ع "), and
2943-478: Is derived from Classical Arabic . This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as al-ʿarabiyyatu l-fuṣḥā ( اَلعَرَبِيَّةُ ٱلْفُصْحَىٰ "the eloquent Arabic") or simply al-fuṣḥā ( اَلْفُصْحَىٰ ). Arabic is the third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of
3052-574: Is not present in the spoken varieties, but deletes Classical words that sound obsolete in MSA. In addition, MSA has borrowed or coined many terms for concepts that did not exist in Quranic times, and MSA continues to evolve. Some words have been borrowed from other languages—notice that transliteration mainly indicates spelling and not real pronunciation (e.g., فِلْم film 'film' or ديمقراطية dīmuqrāṭiyyah 'democracy'). The current preference
3161-906: Is official in Mali and recognized as a minority language in Morocco, while the Senegalese government adopted the Latin script to write it. Maltese is official in (predominantly Catholic ) Malta and written with the Latin script . Linguists agree that it is a variety of spoken Arabic, descended from Siculo-Arabic , though it has experienced extensive changes as a result of sustained and intensive contact with Italo-Romance varieties, and more recently also with English. Due to "a mix of social, cultural, historical, political, and indeed linguistic factors", many Maltese people today consider their language Semitic but not
3270-777: Is seen in European languages (mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese , Catalan , and Sicilian ) owing to the proximity of Europe and the long-lasting Arabic cultural and linguistic presence, mainly in Southern Iberia, during the Al-Andalus era. Maltese is a Semitic language developed from a dialect of Arabic and written in the Latin alphabet . The Balkan languages, including Albanian, Greek , Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian , have also acquired many words of Arabic origin, mainly through direct contact with Ottoman Turkish . Arabic has influenced languages across
3379-590: Is the variety used in most current, printed Arabic publications, spoken by some of the Arabic media across North Africa and the Middle East, and understood by most educated Arabic speakers. "Literary Arabic" and "Standard Arabic" ( فُصْحَى fuṣḥá ) are less strictly defined terms that may refer to Modern Standard Arabic or Classical Arabic. Some of the differences between Classical Arabic (CA) and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) are as follows: MSA uses much Classical vocabulary (e.g., dhahaba 'to go') that
Al Ahly SC - Misplaced Pages Continue
3488-413: Is to avoid direct borrowings, preferring to either use loan translations (e.g., فرع farʻ 'branch', also used for the branch of a company or organization; جناح janāḥ 'wing', is also used for the wing of an airplane, building, air force, etc.), or to coin new words using forms within existing roots ( استماتة istimātah ' apoptosis ', using the root موت m/w/t 'death' put into
3597-524: Is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the industrial and post-industrial era , especially in modern times. Due to its grounding in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic is removed over a millennium from everyday speech, which is construed as a multitude of dialects of this language. These dialects and Modern Standard Arabic are described by some scholars as not mutually comprehensible. The former are usually acquired in families, while
3706-445: The Lisān al-ʻArab ). Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary
3815-573: The 1967 Six-Day War and the suspension of sporting activity in Egypt, Al Ahly's board, headed by Ibrahim Kamel El-Wakil, announced that the club will host the military training for the members volunteering in the Egyptian Army , as well as collecting donations in the name of the club to support the military. Many players on the team retired to volunteer for the war. Al-Ahly did not win the league for another 13 years. After years of deterioration,
3924-640: The Borg El Arab Stadium . A 2–1 second leg victory to Al Ahly at the Stade Olympique de Radès added the seventh African champions title in the history of the club. Al Ahly, led by Hossam El Badri, achieved fourth place in the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup in Japan, with a victory in the first match against Sanfrecce Hiroshima 2–1. Al Ahly then lost 1–0 to the Copa Libertadores champion Corinthians , and then defeated by Monterrey 2–0 in
4033-553: The Egyptian Law School during his presidency of the High School Students Club. The establishment of a club for high school students was for political reasons along with the students needing a sports club for them to gather for leisure and exercise. He discussed the idea of establishing the club with a group of friends who were enthusiastic about it and in 1907, Al Ahly was established. The club
4142-467: The Egyptian Premier League , Egypt Cup , Egyptian Super Cup , and the CAF Champions League combined, with the club completing a quadruple winning all the aforementioned competitions. The club also set another record of not losing in 52 games in 852 days. Al Ahly made their first appearance at a FIFA Club World Cup in December 2005 , but had an unsuccessful campaign as the team lost to Al-Ittihad in
4251-759: The Egyptian Tennis Federation . The club followed their first win of the Sultan Hussain Cup with the King Farouk Cup in 1924, defeating El Sekka El Hadid 4–1 in the final. The man of the match was Mokhtar Eltetsh, who scored two goals. In the summer of 1929, Al Ahly's football went on a tour where the team traveled to face several European clubs, such as Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray in Turkey and BFC Preussen , 1860 Munich and Schalke in Germany . The tour ended with Al Ahly playing
4360-594: The King Farouk Cup with a 3–2 victory over El Sekka El Hadid SC . In 1938, Al Ahly won the last version of the Sultan Hussein Cup, with a 1–0 victory over Al Masry in the final match. The club won the Cairo League, again in the last round, with a 5–1 victory over the second placed Zamalek. The team traveled to Mandatory Palestine in 1943 on a 23-day tour, headed by Mokhtar El Tetsh, to play several matches with Arab teams to support Palestine against
4469-568: The Xth form , or جامعة jāmiʻah 'university', based on جمع jamaʻa 'to gather, unite'; جمهورية jumhūriyyah 'republic', based on جمهور jumhūr 'multitude'). An earlier tendency was to redefine an older word although this has fallen into disuse (e.g., هاتف hātif 'telephone' < 'invisible caller (in Sufism)'; جريدة jarīdah 'newspaper' < 'palm-leaf stalk'). Colloquial or dialectal Arabic refers to
Al Ahly SC - Misplaced Pages Continue
4578-682: The Zionists . The decision had been made despite the refusal of the president of the Egyptian Football Association Haider Pasha, due to the pressure from the British position against the Palestinian issue. In the first edition of the Egyptian Premier League , held for the first time in 1948 , Al Ahly won the first match 5–0 against Greek Alexandria . Ahmed Makkawi scored the first goal for Al Ahly in
4687-494: The northern Hejaz . These features are evidence of common descent from a hypothetical ancestor , Proto-Arabic . The following features of Proto-Arabic can be reconstructed with confidence: On the other hand, several Arabic varieties are closer to other Semitic languages and maintain features not found in Classical Arabic, indicating that these varieties cannot have developed from Classical Arabic. Thus, Arabic vernaculars do not descend from Classical Arabic: Classical Arabic
4796-419: The "learned" tradition (Classical Arabic). This variety and both its classicizing and "lay" iterations have been termed Middle Arabic in the past, but they are thought to continue an Old Higazi register. It is clear that the orthography of the Quran was not developed for the standardized form of Classical Arabic; rather, it shows the attempt on the part of writers to record an archaic form of Old Higazi. In
4905-783: The "purest," most eloquent form of Arabic—initiating a process of jamʿu‿l-luɣah ( جمع اللغة 'compiling the language') which took place over the 8th and early 9th centuries. Kitāb al-'Ayn ( c. 8th century ), attributed to Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi , is considered the first lexicon to include all Arabic roots ; it sought to exhaust all possible root permutations —later called taqālīb ( تقاليب ) — calling those that are actually used mustaʿmal ( مستعمَل ) and those that are not used muhmal ( مُهمَل ). Lisān al-ʿArab (1290) by Ibn Manzur gives 9,273 roots, while Tāj al-ʿArūs (1774) by Murtada az-Zabidi gives 11,978 roots. Hosh (architecture) A hosh ( Arabic : حوش , romanized : ḥūš ), or hawsh ,
5014-454: The 11th and 12th centuries in al-Andalus , the zajal and muwashah poetry forms developed in the dialectical Arabic of Cordoba and the Maghreb. The Nahda was a cultural and especially literary renaissance of the 19th century in which writers sought "to fuse Arabic and European forms of expression." According to James L. Gelvin , " Nahda writers attempted to simplify the Arabic language and script so that it might be accessible to
5123-571: The 4th to the 6th centuries, the Nabataean script evolved into the Arabic script recognizable from the early Islamic era. There are inscriptions in an undotted, 17-letter Arabic script dating to the 6th century CE, found at four locations in Syria ( Zabad , Jebel Usays , Harran , Umm el-Jimal ). The oldest surviving papyrus in Arabic dates to 643 CE, and it uses dots to produce the modern 28-letter Arabic alphabet. The language of that papyrus and of
5232-847: The 8th century, knowledge of Classical Arabic had become an essential prerequisite for rising into the higher classes throughout the Islamic world, both for Muslims and non-Muslims. For example, Maimonides , the Andalusi Jewish philosopher, authored works in Judeo-Arabic —Arabic written in Hebrew script . Ibn Jinni of Mosul , a pioneer in phonology , wrote prolifically in the 10th century on Arabic morphology and phonology in works such as Kitāb Al-Munṣif , Kitāb Al-Muḥtasab , and Kitāb Al-Khaṣāʾiṣ [ ar ] {{main other|. Ibn Mada' of Cordoba (1116–1196) realized
5341-537: The CAF Champions League due to lack of financial resources and exhausting journeys in Africa. Zamalek remained ahead of Al Ahly by six points in the 1981–82 Egyptian Premier League season. That season, a match won was counted in two points, not three. The last matches in the competition witnessed a dip in form by Zamalek with Al Ahly managing to win the championship with three points ahead of them, after
5450-515: The CAF Super Cup by reaching the final against CS Sfaxien , drawing the first leg 1–1 in the Cairo Stadium. After the match, CS Sfaxien were considered favorites to win the cup. The second leg against CS Sfaxien ended in a 1–0 win for Al Ahly. The club then participated in the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup in their second appearance. Al Ahly's participation this time was better compared to their previous one, as they defeated Auckland City FC in
5559-496: The Egypt Cup and the Cairo League were played as normal. Al Ahly lost both tournaments to Zamalek. The league returned the following season and Al Ahly won the league for the fourth time in a row, with a narrow two point lead ahead of Zamalek, after the two teams tied 2–2 in the last round. In the cup, Al Ahly managed to defeat the defending champions Zamalek 4–1 in the final. In the 1953–54 season, Al Ahly won their fifth consecutive and fifth overall Egyptian Premier League title in
SECTION 50
#17327732224975668-412: The Middle East and North Africa have become a badge of sophistication and modernity and ... feigning, or asserting, weakness or lack of facility in Arabic is sometimes paraded as a sign of status, class, and perversely, even education through a mélange of code-switching practises." Arabic has been taught worldwide in many elementary and secondary schools, especially Muslim schools. Universities around
5777-690: The Qur'an is referred to by linguists as "Quranic Arabic", as distinct from its codification soon thereafter into " Classical Arabic ". In late pre-Islamic times, a transdialectal and transcommunal variety of Arabic emerged in the Hejaz , which continued living its parallel life after literary Arabic had been institutionally standardized in the 2nd and 3rd century of the Hijra , most strongly in Judeo-Christian texts, keeping alive ancient features eliminated from
5886-576: The Romance languages. Also, while it is comprehensible to people from the Maghreb , a linguistically innovative variety such as Moroccan Arabic is essentially incomprehensible to Arabs from the Mashriq , much as French is incomprehensible to Spanish or Italian speakers but relatively easily learned by them. This suggests that the spoken varieties may linguistically be considered separate languages. With
5995-553: The South African capital Pretoria , and ended in a 1–1 draw. The second leg was held on 21 December at the Cairo International Stadium in the presence of 75,000 spectators, and ended with a 3–0 win for Al Ahly. Al Ahly also won the 2002 CAF Super Cup with a 4–1 victory over Kaizer Chiefs F.C. in Cairo, in a match that saw Al Ahly's goalkeeper Essam El Hadary scoring his historic goal. Manuel Jose
6104-567: The United Nations , and the liturgical language of Islam . Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the world and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, governments and the media. During the Middle Ages , Arabic was a major vehicle of culture and learning, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have borrowed words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary,
6213-490: The champion of the 2006 CAF Confederation Cup . Al Ahly suffered from many absentees at this stage due to injuries. However, the match went to penalties after the extra time ended with a goalless draw, which Al Ahly won 5–4 on shootout. After achieving the Super Cup title, the club equalled the record set by Zamalek with 3 Super Cup titles, before adding three other titles to set a new record. Al Ahly also set another record as
6322-568: The club developed a passion with football , which prompted the club to build the first stadium in 1909. At the time, they called it Al-Hawsh ; colloquially meaning the courtyard in Egyptian Arabic. The stadium was improved over the years, eventually becoming Mokhtar El-Tetsh Stadium . The first official football team was established in 1911. The team was primary and secondary school players who played football in Al-Hawsh. The names of
6431-417: The club in 23 years. Al Ahly won the Egyptian Super Cup by defeating Haras El Hodoud SC 1–0. In the CAF Champions League , Al Ahly qualified for the semi-finals, but was knocked out by Espérance Sportive de Tunis due to a refereeing mistake by Joseph Lamptey that gave the hosts a win in the second leg. The sports activity in Egypt was postponed because of the Port Said Stadium riot , which resulted in
6540-483: The club to borrow £E1,000 from the National Bank of Egypt in March 1908. Talaat Harb , the president of the Bank of Egypt, contributed £E100 to the establishment of the club. The first honorary president of the club was the Minister of Education Saad Zaghloul . The name of Al Ahly Sporting Club was suggested by Amine Samy Amin, who suggested that the name is similar to the word " National " in Egyptian Arabic . On 2 April 1908, Mitchell-Innes stepped down as president of
6649-404: The club took the first steps in recovery when the management decided to sign Nándor Hidegkuti as head coach in September 1973, at a salary of fewer than 600 dollars. Hidegkuti introduced a new generation known as El Talamza (the students). The league title returned to Al Ahly in 1974–75 , with the team scoring 70 goals in 34 games. Al Ahly's first participation in the African Champions League
SECTION 60
#17327732224976758-411: The club with most participations in the African Super Cup (8 times). Al Ahly continued winning the league title, winning the Egyptian Premier League for the 4th consecutive time by 17 points away from Ismaily SC . The team also won the Super Cup for the fourth time in a row by beating Zamalek 2–0. It was the second victory in a week for Ahly over Zamalek after their meeting in the CAF Champions League
6867-422: The club's history. In the cup, they were eliminated from the semi-final by Al Masry . In the 1956–57 season, the number of teams increased to 14 teams, and Al Ahly managed to win the league nine points ahead of Zamalek, to win the seventh title in a row. It was the first time that the team had reached 40 points. Al Ahly won the 1958–59 league championship for the ninth time in a row. El-Sayed El-Dhizui became
6976-412: The club's management decided to participate in the 1918 championship as a sign of resistance and to display Egyptian presence in the sport. In 1923, Al-Ahly won their first Sultan Hussain Cup after beating the defending champion Zamalek SC , with them winning six other titles to be the record holder in the number of wins until the last edition in 1938. They also played an active role in the establishment of
7085-439: The club. Aziz Ezzat was appointed as the new president and became the first Egyptian president of Al Ahly. The official opening ceremony of the club was held in its main building on 26 February 1909. The game of football was not one of the goals of the founders of Al Ahly SC, but rather to open its doors to students of high schools to meet and practice political dialogues. However, the graduates of high schools who were members of
7194-509: The conversion of Semitic mimation to nunation in the singular. It is best reassessed as a separate language on the Central Semitic dialect continuum. It was also thought that Old Arabic coexisted alongside—and then gradually displaced— epigraphic Ancient North Arabian (ANA), which was theorized to have been the regional tongue for many centuries. ANA, despite its name, was considered a very distinct language, and mutually unintelligible, from "Arabic". Scholars named its variant dialects after
7303-456: The deaths of 74 people including 72 Al Ahly fans and caused the injuries of more than 500 people. In the first match after the return of sports activity, Al Ahly won the Egyptian Super Cup after defeating Enppi 2–1, in a mourn-driven match at the empty stadium of Borg El Arab Stadium . Despite the difficult events, Al Ahly players overcame the circumstances and defeated Esperance in the 2012 CAF Champions League Final . The first leg finished 1–1 at
7412-412: The emergence of Central Semitic languages, particularly in grammar. Innovations of the Central Semitic languages—all maintained in Arabic—include: There are several features which Classical Arabic, the modern Arabic varieties, as well as the Safaitic and Hismaic inscriptions share which are unattested in any other Central Semitic language variety, including the Dadanitic and Taymanitic languages of
7521-418: The establishment of the club was approved, the main building was designed by architect Ismail Seri, and revised by Mitchell-Innes. A civil company on the behalf of Al Ahly Sports Club was established. Shares of the company were worth £E5 each, and it was the goal of the club when it was established to raise £E5,000. Only £E3,165 were collected over a year which was not enough to fund the establishment. This forced
7630-728: The eve of the conquests: Northern and Central (Al-Jallad 2009). The modern dialects emerged from a new contact situation produced following the conquests. Instead of the emergence of a single or multiple koines, the dialects contain several sedimentary layers of borrowed and areal features, which they absorbed at different points in their linguistic histories. According to Veersteegh and Bickerton, colloquial Arabic dialects arose from pidginized Arabic formed from contact between Arabs and conquered peoples. Pidginization and subsequent creolization among Arabs and arabized peoples could explain relative morphological and phonological simplicity of vernacular Arabic compared to Classical and MSA. In around
7739-447: The fact that they participate in the innovations common to all forms of Arabic. The earliest attestation of continuous Arabic text in an ancestor of the modern Arabic script are three lines of poetry by a man named Garm(')allāhe found in En Avdat, Israel , and dated to around 125 CE. This is followed by the Namara inscription , an epitaph of the Lakhmid king Imru' al-Qays bar 'Amro, dating to 328 CE, found at Namaraa, Syria. From
7848-559: The final 1–0. After leading Al Ahly to their second consecutive league title and the Arab Super Cup in Morocco, Reiner Hollmann left Al Ahly at the end of 1997, after finishing second in the 1997 Arab Club Champions Cup in Tunisia. He was replaced by his countryman Rainer Zobel , who succeeded in winning the league championship for the fifth consecutive season in 1997–98 and winning the 1998 Arab Super Cup title with Zobel for
7957-580: The final of the African Champions League for the second time in a row in 1983, but Asante Kotoko S.C. won the finals by scoring the only goal of both matches in the second match. The first leg was played on 27 November at Cairo Stadium with 90,000 spectators, with one of the attendees being the former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak , and ended tied 0–0. The second leg took place on 11 December in Kumasi with 70,000 spectators, and ended with
8066-476: The first Al Ahly player to be the top goal scorer in the league. The team scored 55 goals in just 18 games that season, more than 20 goals from their nearest competitors. After losing the league for the first time since the start of the competition in the 1959–60 season , Al Ahly won the league for the tenth time in the club's history, in the 1960–61 season. The club won the Egypt Cup after defeating El Qanah 5–0, with Mimi El-Sherbini scoring two goals. After
8175-546: The first leg 3–0. The second leg was held on 12 December in Kumasi , Ghana , and was attended by more than 70,000 spectators. In the second leg, the game ended tied 1–1. Al Ahly during this edition of the tournament played ten games, achieved victory in all five games at home, lost two games and tied in three away. The biggest win was a 5–0 victory against Young Africans S.C. in the round of 16. The club scored 16 goals and conceded five goals only in this tournament. Al Ahly reached
8284-660: The first players of Al Ahly were as follows: Hussein Hegazi , Abdel Fattah Taher, Fouad Darwish, Hussein Mansour, and Ibrahim Fahmy. In 1915, Al Ahly made tours to Egyptian cities to play matches and to spread football and its culture. Al Ahly played in Alexandria , Port Said , Assiut , and Ismailia . The team, led by Hussein Hegazi, faced many teams, including foreign teams belonging to the British Army , which increased
8393-545: The first round and then lost the fifth-place match to Sydney FC . The 2006–07 season was successful, starting with the Egyptian Super Cup for the second time with another win over Enppi, with a goal in the stoppage time. The club also won the league for the second time in a row. Al Ahly returned to the Egyptian Cup with a 3–0 win over Zamalek SC , achieving a domestic treble . Al Ahly performed well in
8502-510: The fourth most useful language for business, after English, Mandarin Chinese , and French. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet , an abjad script that is written from right to left . Arabic is usually classified as a Central Semitic language . Linguists still differ as to the best classification of Semitic language sub-groups. The Semitic languages changed between Proto-Semitic and
8611-742: The globe throughout its history, especially languages where Islam is the predominant religion and in countries that were conquered by Muslims. The most markedly influenced languages are Persian , Turkish , Hindustani ( Hindi and Urdu ), Kashmiri , Kurdish , Bosnian , Kazakh , Bengali , Malay ( Indonesian and Malaysian ), Maldivian , Pashto , Punjabi , Albanian , Armenian , Azerbaijani , Sicilian, Spanish, Greek, Bulgarian, Tagalog , Sindhi , Odia , Hebrew and African languages such as Hausa , Amharic , Tigrinya , Somali , Tamazight , and Swahili . Conversely, Arabic has borrowed some words (mostly nouns) from other languages, including its sister-language Aramaic, Persian, Greek, and Latin and to
8720-405: The history of the competition in the 11th minute. The first team to represent Al Ahly in the competition was composed of: Kamal Hamed – Abdulaziz Hamami – Muhammad Abu Habajah – Abdel Moneim Shatara – Sayed Othman – Hilmi Abu Al-Moaty – Fouad Sedki – Muhammad Lheta – Ahmed Mekkawi – Saleh Selim – Fathi Khattab. Mokhatr al Tetsh led Al Ahly to win the first championship in the club's history as
8829-597: The inclusion of new words into their published standard dictionaries. They also publish old and historical Arabic manuscripts. In 1997, a bureau of Arabization standardization was added to the Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization of the Arab League . These academies and organizations have worked toward the Arabization of the sciences, creating terms in Arabic to describe new concepts, toward
8938-613: The language. Software and books with tapes are an important part of Arabic learning, as many of Arabic learners may live in places where there are no academic or Arabic language school classes available. Radio series of Arabic language classes are also provided from some radio stations. A number of websites on the Internet provide online classes for all levels as a means of distance education; most teach Modern Standard Arabic, but some teach regional varieties from numerous countries. The tradition of Arabic lexicography extended for about
9047-459: The last round 2–1. Al Ahly won the 1987 African Cup of Champions Clubs by defeating Al-Hilal Club in the final. The first leg was a 0–0 draw played on 29 November in the Sudanese capital Khartoum , attended by 50,000 Sudanese and 500 Egyptian spectators. The second leg was held on 18 December at the Cairo Stadium in the presence of 80,000 spectators, with Al Ahly winning 2–0. Three days after
9156-544: The last two games in Bulgaria against Levski Sofia and Slavia Sofia . In November 1930, Al-Ahly defeated rival Zamalek 4–0 in a match in the Cairo League . In that game, Mokhtar El Tetsh was the first player to score a hat trick in the Cairo Derby . At the end of the 1936–1937 season, Al Ahly managed to win the league in the last round by defeating Zamalek 4–1, finishing three points ahead of their rivals. The club won
9265-604: The late 6th century AD, a relatively uniform intertribal "poetic koine" distinct from the spoken vernaculars developed based on the Bedouin dialects of Najd , probably in connection with the court of al-Ḥīra . During the first Islamic century, the majority of Arabic poets and Arabic-writing persons spoke Arabic as their mother tongue. Their texts, although mainly preserved in far later manuscripts, contain traces of non-standardized Classical Arabic elements in morphology and syntax. Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali ( c. 603 –689)
9374-420: The latter is taught in formal education settings. However, there have been studies reporting some degree of comprehension of stories told in the standard variety among preschool-aged children. The relation between Modern Standard Arabic and these dialects is sometimes compared to that of Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin vernaculars (which became Romance languages ) in medieval and early modern Europe. MSA
9483-883: The many national or regional varieties which constitute the everyday spoken language. Colloquial Arabic has many regional variants; geographically distant varieties usually differ enough to be mutually unintelligible , and some linguists consider them distinct languages. However, research indicates a high degree of mutual intelligibility between closely related Arabic variants for native speakers listening to words, sentences, and texts; and between more distantly related dialects in interactional situations. The varieties are typically unwritten. They are often used in informal spoken media, such as soap operas and talk shows , as well as occasionally in certain forms of written media such as poetry and printed advertising. Hassaniya Arabic , Maltese , and Cypriot Arabic are only varieties of modern Arabic to have acquired official recognition. Hassaniya
9592-433: The match, club legend Mahmoud El Khatib decided to retire after 17 years at the club, in a press conference attended by a large crowd of journalists. In 1992, Al Ahly won the Egypt Cup title by defeating the league champions Zamalek 2–1 in the final. After winning the cup for the third time in a row in 1993, Al Ahly returned to Africa by winning the African Cup Winners' Cup for the fourth time in its history in 1993, which
9701-538: The matches of the first 14 rounds of the 2004–05 Egyptian Premier League , to win the Premier League title for the 29th time in the club history and the first local championship for the Portuguese coach Manuel José who was rehired by the club. Al Ahly won the league by a record 31 point difference from Enppi , the closest competitor. It was the first time that a club won all their matches in the first half of
9810-744: The need for a lexical injection in Arabic, to suit concepts of the industrial and post-industrial age (such as sayyārah سَيَّارَة 'automobile' or bākhirah باخِرة 'steamship'). In response, a number of Arabic academies modeled after the Académie française were established with the aim of developing standardized additions to the Arabic lexicon to suit these transformations, first in Damascus (1919), then in Cairo (1932), Baghdad (1948), Rabat (1960), Amman (1977), Khartum [ ar ] {{main other| (1993), and Tunis (1993). They review language development, monitor new words and approve
9919-424: The one whose sound is heard but whose person remains unseen. Now the term al-hatif is used for a telephone. Therefore, the process of tawleed can express the needs of modern civilization in a manner that would appear to be originally Arabic. In the case of Arabic, educated Arabs of any nationality can be assumed to speak both their school-taught Standard Arabic as well as their native dialects, which depending on
10028-549: The overhaul of Arabic grammar first proposed by Al-Jahiz 200 years prior. The Maghrebi lexicographer Ibn Manzur compiled Lisān al-ʿArab ( لسان العرب , "Tongue of Arabs"), a major reference dictionary of Arabic, in 1290. Charles Ferguson 's koine theory claims that the modern Arabic dialects collectively descend from a single military koine that sprang up during the Islamic conquests; this view has been challenged in recent times. Ahmad al-Jallad proposes that there were at least two considerably distinct types of Arabic on
10137-568: The popularity of Al Ahly and the new game in Egypt. Ahly contributed with Zamalek SC , El Sekka El Hadid SC in the formation of the first football team of Egypt to participate in the 1920 Olympic Games . The club also contributed to the establishment of the Egyptian Football Association . After Al Ahly's refusal to compete with foreign British clubs in the Sultan Hussein Cup in its first edition in 1917,
10246-580: The quarter-final 2–0. The team played in the semi-finals against Brazilian club Internacional , losing 2–1. The club managed to achieve the bronze medal for the first time in African history by defeating Club América 2–1 in Yokohama . Al Ahly played the 2007 CAF Super Cup on 18 February at the Addis Ababa Stadium as the champion of the 2006 CAF Champions League against the ES Sahel ,
10355-464: The race to the league's shield with Ismaily . The two teams played a playoff match to determine the champion, which Al Ahly won 1–0. It was the last championship for Manuel José during his second term before handing over the team's leadership to Hossam El-Badry . El Badry managed to keep the 2009–10 league shield in Al Ahly's cupboard to become the first national coach to win the league championship for
10464-410: The region may be mutually unintelligible. Some of these dialects can be considered to constitute separate languages which may have "sub-dialects" of their own. When educated Arabs of different dialects engage in conversation (for example, a Moroccan speaking with a Lebanese), many speakers code-switch back and forth between the dialectal and standard varieties of the language, sometimes even within
10573-458: The same sentence. The issue of whether Arabic is one language or many languages is politically charged, in the same way it is for the varieties of Chinese , Hindi and Urdu , Serbian and Croatian , Scots and English, etc. In contrast to speakers of Hindi and Urdu who claim they cannot understand each other even when they can, speakers of the varieties of Arabic will claim they can all understand each other even when they cannot. While there
10682-514: The second successive season, beating MC Oran and Al-Shabab , and drawing with Club Africain . In 1998, Al Ahly returned to the African championships for the first time in six years. In the summer of 2001, Ahly signed Manuel José to take on the leadership of the team, the first time in the club's history to have a Portuguese manager. Jose's first match with Al Ahly was a friendly against Real Madrid in August 2001, when Al Ahly stunned Madrid with
10791-458: The sole example of Medieval linguist Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati – who, while a scholar of the Arabic language, was not ethnically Arab – Medieval scholars of the Arabic language made no efforts at studying comparative linguistics, considering all other languages inferior. In modern times, the educated upper classes in the Arab world have taken a nearly opposite view. Yasir Suleiman wrote in 2011 that "studying and knowing English or French in most of
10900-563: The standardization of these new terms throughout the Arabic-speaking world, and toward the development of Arabic as a world language . This gave rise to what Western scholars call Modern Standard Arabic. From the 1950s, Arabization became a postcolonial nationalist policy in countries such as Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Sudan. Arabic usually refers to Standard Arabic, which Western linguists divide into Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. It could also refer to any of
11009-480: The third time in a row, Al Ahly won the African Cup Winners' Cup in 1986 after winning the league, by defeating AS Sogara in the final 3–2 on aggregate. Al Ahly won the Egyptian League in the 1986–87 season under the management of the coach Taha Ismail . Al Ahly won the league being two points ahead of Zamalek after being tied in the standings before the last match. The club was able to beat Zamalek in
11118-668: The third-place deciding match. Arabic language Arabic (endonym: اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ , romanized : al-ʿarabiyyah , pronounced [al ʕaraˈbijːa] , or عَرَبِيّ , ʿarabīy , pronounced [ˈʕarabiː] or [ʕaraˈbij] ) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world . The ISO assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic , including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic , which
11227-501: The towns where the inscriptions were discovered (Dadanitic, Taymanitic, Hismaic, Safaitic). However, most arguments for a single ANA language or language family were based on the shape of the definite article, a prefixed h-. It has been argued that the h- is an archaism and not a shared innovation, and thus unsuitable for language classification, rendering the hypothesis of an ANA language family untenable. Safaitic and Hismaic, previously considered ANA, should be considered Old Arabic due to
11336-451: The world have classes that teach Arabic as part of their foreign languages , Middle Eastern studies , and religious studies courses. Arabic language schools exist to assist students to learn Arabic outside the academic world. There are many Arabic language schools in the Arab world and other Muslim countries. Because the Quran is written in Arabic and all Islamic terms are in Arabic, millions of Muslims (both Arab and non-Arab) study
11445-652: Was first headed by Alfred Mitchell-Innes , who was a British advisor to the Ministry of Finance at the time. He was the first head in order to facilitate financial support for the club. An official meeting of the club's board was held on 24 April 1907. The committee met at 5:30 pm in the house of Mitchell-Innes in Giza under his chairmanship and the membership of Idris Ragheb Bey, Ismael Seri Pasha, Amin Sami Pasha, Omar Lotfi Bek and Mohamed Effendi Sherif as secretary. After
11554-435: Was in 1976. The team got knocked out from the first round by MC Alger . Al Khatib scored the first continental goal for Al Ahly. The club won the league in 1975–76 and 1976–77 . The latter season saw the second participation in African competition, where the team fared better than the first time. They eventually bowed out in the quarter-finals by Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. From 1978 to 1980, Hidegkuti refused to take part in
11663-565: Was played on 12 November at the Cairo Military Academy Stadium in the presence of 30,000 spectators, due to renovations at Cairo International Stadium in preparation for hosting the 2006 African Nations Cup . Al Ahly won 3–0, with goals scored by Mohamed Aboutrika , Osama Hosni, and Mohammed Barakat . With their Champions League triumph, the team would go on to set an unprecedented record of going an entire season unbeaten in all competitions. 46 matches were played in
11772-467: Was the last time the club participated in the tournament. Al Ahly defeated Africa Sports d'Abidjan in the final in Cairo Stadium after a 1–1 draw in the first leg. In the same season, the club won the Egypt Cup by beating Ghazl El Mahalla SC 3–2 in the final. After three years without winning the league, Al Ahly won the league in the 1993–94 season under the management of Alan Harris after
11881-517: Was unable to collect any local championships in his first term, although his team was able to achieve an emphatic 6–1 victory against the defending champion Zamalek in the league. At the end of the season, Jose was sacked and replaced by the Dutchman Johannes Bonfrere on a one-year contract, on a monthly salary of $ 18,000. The club's decision to sack Jose was not liked by the majority of the fans. Al Ahly achieved victory in all
#496503