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84-608: Wally Hickel was elected as the Governor of Alaska in 1990 under the Independence Party, making it one of the few third parties to have controlled a governor's seat; however, Hickel transferred to the Republican Party before the 1994 election . In early 1973, Vogler founded Alaskans for Independence (AFI) , originally to label a petition drive. Vogler wrote to local Alaskan newspapers and argued against

168-448: A consumer advocate , Nader received more votes from Republicans than Democrats. The Worker's League nominated Helen Halyard for president; she was the party's nominee for vice president in 1984 and 1988. Fred Mazelis was nominated for vice president. Halyard and Mazelis drew 3,050 votes. Ballot access: Michigan, New Jersey (33 Electoral) John Yiamouyiannis , a major opponent of water fluoridation , ran as an Independent under

252-448: A "separatist", but the AIP's platform does not explicitly call for secession. Referring to Alaska's 1959 admission to the union , the AIP's charter states that "The Alaskan Independence Party's goal is the vote we were entitled to in 1958, one choice from among the following four choices: Members of the AIP, including Vogler, alleged that the 1958 referendum on Alaskan statehood was rigged by

336-426: A Southern candidate with a Northern partner. Gore served to balance the ticket in other ways, as he was perceived as strong on family values and environmental issues, while Clinton was not. Also, Gore's similarities to Clinton allowed him to push some of his key campaign themes, such as centrism and generational change. Paleoconservative journalist Pat Buchanan was the primary opponent of President Bush; Ron Paul ,

420-617: A businessman from Unalaska who had served in the Alaska House of Representatives from 1965 to 1973 as both a Republican and Democrat , was elected again to the House in 1992, running under the AIP banner. He was elected to a district comprising mostly the area between the Aleutian Islands and Bristol Bay . He switched his party affiliation back to Democrat at around the same time that Hickel switched, and continued to serve in

504-869: A caucus in Washington . Harkin won caucuses in Idaho and Minnesota while Jerry Brown won Colorado. Kerrey dropped out two days later. Clinton won the South Carolina and Wyoming primaries and Tsongas won Arizona. Harkin dropped out. Brown won the Nevada caucus. Clinton swept nearly all of the Super Tuesday primaries on March 10 making him the solid front runner. Clinton won the Michigan and Illinois primaries. Tsongas dropped out after finishing 3rd in Michigan. Brown, however, began to pick up steam, aided by using

588-717: A corrupt and anti-environmentalist record as governor. Opposition to his nomination was led by influential columnists Drew Pearson and Jack Anderson . Newspapers opposing his nomination included the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times . In the Senate, his confirmation was opposed by, among others, Democratic senators Walter Mondale and George McGovern . Sierra Club director David Brower testified in opposition to Hickel. The Senate nevertheless confirmed his nomination on 23 January 1969. Upon becoming

672-579: A damn what she does". In 2008, he called for the resignation of U.S. Senator Ted Stevens, whom he had appointed to the Senate in 1968. His statement was made in light of the August 2008 federal indictment of Stevens related to the alleged receipt of improper gifts from Bill Allen , CEO of the VECO Corporation , an Alaskan construction company heavily involved in the Alaskan oil industry. Stevens

756-466: A fellow state senator from Nenana . Coghill had held elected office continuously since 1957 with the exception of relinquishing the mayorship of Nenana for approximately two years, when the 1967 flood forced him to move from the city limits temporarily. Coghill had also briefly worked as a special assistant to Hickel during his first governorship. Sturgulewski, who won the Republican nomination for

840-425: A flat tax, the eradication of PACs, a ban on soft money contributions, and school vouchers. The party's first presidential ticket appeared on the ballot in 28 states and drew 37,137 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). U.S. Taxpayers' candidates: The U.S. Taxpayers Party ran its first presidential ticket in 1992, having only been formed the prior year. Initially Howard Phillips had hoped to successfully entice

924-628: A full term as governor from 1990 to 1994 under the banner of the Alaskan Independence Party . Hickel was born in 1919 in Ellinwood, Kansas , the son of Emma Pauline (Zecha) and Robert Anton Hickel. He grew up on his parents' Dust Bowl tenant farm during the Great Depression near Claflin, Kansas . In October 1940 he moved to Alaska and traveled to it aboard the S.S. Yukon with 95 other passengers and went into

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1008-527: A leader of the centrist Democratic Leadership Council , established himself as the front-runner for the Democratic nomination by sweeping the Super Tuesday primaries. He defeated former governor of California Jerry Brown , former Massachusetts senator Paul Tsongas , and other candidates to win the nomination, and chose Tennessee senator Al Gore as his running mate. Billionaire Ross Perot launched an independent campaign , emphasizing his opposition to

1092-586: A letter to Governor Heintzleman requesting the resignation of Robert DeArmond and that he be replaced with somebody from Anchorage, and they later telegrammed Secretary of the Intertior Douglas McKay asking him to build up the party and also asked Heintzleman to reconsider his decision to cancel his meeting with them. Hickel was elected as Alaska's second governor in the 1966 state general elections, defeating his Democratic rival and incumbent governor Bill Egan . Hickel's first governorship,

1176-471: A long streak of primaries leading up to Brown's home state of California. Clinton won this state 48% to 41% and secured the delegates needed to lock the nomination. The convention met in New York City, and the official tally was: Clinton chose U.S. senator Al Gore ( D - Tennessee ) to be his running mate on July 9, 1992. Choosing fellow Southerner Gore went against the popular strategy of balancing

1260-798: A phone number to receive funding from small donors. Brown scored surprising wins in Connecticut, Vermont and Alaska. As the race moved to the primaries in New York and Wisconsin, Brown had taken the lead in polls in both states. Then he made a serious gaffe by announcing to an audience of New York City's Jewish community that he would consider Reverend Jesse Jackson as a vice presidential candidate; Jackson had offended many Jewish people with remarks he had made during his own presidential campaigns. Clinton won dramatically in New York (41%–26%) and closely in Wisconsin (37%–34%). Clinton then proceeded to win

1344-422: A populist liberal with labor union support. Former U.S. senator Paul Tsongas (Mass.) highlighted his political independence and fiscal conservatism. Former California governor Jerry Brown, who had run for the Democratic nomination in 1976 and 1980, declared a significant reform agenda, including Congressional term limits , campaign finance reform , and the adoption of a flat income tax . Nebraska senator Bob Kerrey

1428-751: A prominent conservative politician, such as the former senator Gordon J. Humphrey from New Hampshire, or even Patrick Buchanan who at the time had only been mulling over running against President Bush (he would officially declare in December 1991). No one, however, announced any intention to seek the Taxpayers Party nomination; Buchanan himself in the end endorsed President Bush at the Republican National Convention in Houston. Phillips had been unofficially nominated earlier in

1512-718: A quarter the size of the state's Democratic party (Republicans had 124,892 members and the Democrats had 75,047). On September 2, 2008, the Alaska Division of Elections had records that Todd Palin , husband of Governor Sarah Palin (a Republican and vice-presidential candidate), had registered in 1995 as a member of the Alaskan Independence Party. He remained registered with the party until 2002. David Niewert and Max Blumenthal wrote in Salon about

1596-499: A respectable showing for a minor third-party candidate: Utah, where he received 3.8% of the vote and Idaho, where he received 2.1% of the vote. In some counties, his support topped 10%, and in Franklin County, Idaho, was only a few votes away from pushing Bill Clinton into fourth place in the county. While officially running for the Democratic presidential nomination, Lyndon LaRouche also decided to run as an Independent in

1680-508: A second consecutive nomination from the Party in 1992. Unlike in 1988, Fulani failed to gain ballot access in every state, deciding to concentrate some of that campaign funding towards exposure of her candidacy and the Party to the national public. Fulani also sought the endorsement of the Peace and Freedom Party of California, but despite winning a majority in that party's primary, she would lose

1764-517: A single state (with the exception of Arkansas ), the first two being 1912 for William Howard Taft and 1984 for Walter Mondale . As of 2024, this is the last time that either a Democratic or Republican candidate received less than 40% of the popular vote. [REDACTED] Following the successful performance by U.S. and coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War, President George H. W. Bush 's approval ratings were 89%. His re-election

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1848-768: A total of 22 states that had voted Republican in the election of 1988. Clinton would win with the smallest vote share of the national vote since Woodrow Wilson in 1912, when the Republican Party experienced a drastic split. Perot won 18.9% of the popular vote, the highest share of the vote won by a candidate outside of the two major parties since 1912 . Although he failed to win any electoral votes, he finished second in two states (behind Bush in Utah and behind Clinton in Maine ) and found significant support in every state, resulting in no state giving an absolute majority to any candidate except Clinton's home state of Arkansas . As such, this

1932-622: Is the final election to date in which the Democratic nominee won less than 50% of the vote in California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont; and in which the Republican nominee won less than 50% in Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Kansas, and Nebraska. It is also the third and final election since the Civil War in which a Republican or Democratic nominee failed to break 50% in

2016-557: The Center for Constitutional Rights , the former director of the National Rainbow Coalition , and the worked on both of Jesse Jackson 's campaigns for the Democratic presidential nomination. Asiba Tupahache , a Native American activist from New York was his running-mate. Though running an Independent campaign under the label "Campaign for a Better Tomorrow" , Daniels was endorsed by a number of third parties across

2100-526: The Ku Klux Klan , won 119,115 votes. Just over 100,000 votes were cast for all other candidates, half of which were write-in votes for H. Ross Perot. Former Minnesota governor Harold Stassen, who had run for president nine times since 1944, also mounted his final campaign. President George H. W. Bush and Vice President Dan Quayle easily won renomination by the Republican Party . However,

2184-630: The Libertarian Party 's presidential nominee in 1988, had planned to run against the President, but dropped out shortly after Buchanan's entry in December. Buchanan's best showing was in the New Hampshire primary on February 18, 1992—where Bush won by a 53–38% margin. President Bush won 73% of all primary votes, with 9,199,463 votes. Buchanan won 2,899,488 votes; unpledged delegates won 287,383 votes, and David Duke , Grand Wizard of

2268-530: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and internal and external national debt, tapping into voters' potential fear of the deficit. His volunteers succeeded in collecting enough signatures to get his name on the ballot in all 50 states. In June, Perot led the national public opinion polls with support from 39% of the voters (versus 31% for Bush and 25% for Clinton). Perot severely damaged his credibility by dropping out of

2352-435: The North American Free Trade Agreement and his plan to reduce the national debt . The economy had recovered from a recession in the spring of 1991 , followed by 19 consecutive months of growth, but perceptions of the economy's slow growth harmed Bush, for he had inherited a substantial economic boom from his predecessor Ronald Reagan . Bush's greatest strength, foreign policy , was regarded as much less important following

2436-526: The Ohio National Guard , Hickel wrote a letter critical of Nixon's Vietnam War policy and urging him to give more respect to the views of young people critical of the war, writing in part, "I believe this administration finds itself today embracing a philosophy which appears to lack appropriate concern for the attitude of a great mass of Americans – our young people." That dissent garnered worldwide media attention, and on November 25, 1970, Hickel

2520-738: The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War , as well as the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the Gulf War. Perot led in several polls taken in June 1992, but severely damaged his candidacy by temporarily dropping out of the race in July. The Bush campaign criticized Clinton's character and emphasized Bush's foreign policy successes, while Clinton focused on

2604-486: The 1950s during Alaska's battle for statehood and remained politically active for the rest of his life. Hickel served as the second governor of Alaska, defeating incumbent and first governor William A. Egan in 1966. He served as governor until 1969, ending with his resignation upon his appointment to the position of United States Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of President Richard Nixon . Hickel later served

Alaskan Independence Party - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-425: The 21st-century. Chryson said the AIP is "for the traditional family -- daddy, mommy, kids." The party opposes the legalization of same-sex marriage. In 2006, members of the AIP collected the one hundred signatures needed to place on the fall ballot an initiative calling for Alaska to secede from the union or, if that was found not to be legally possible, directing the state to work to make secession legal. However, in

2772-562: The AIP's secessionism , prompting some party faithful to petition for his recall . He rejoined the Republican Party in April 1994, near the end of his term. Hickel wanted to build a water pipeline from Alaska to California in 1991. The paragraph about the Hotel Captain Cook's construction and expansion doesn't have a specific citation, but the information is also widely documented and can be found in many sources. Wally Hickel

2856-525: The AIP. Bird assumed the role of Acting Chairman until he was confirmed at a Wasilla convention that fall, and continued as chairman at the Kenai convention in 2022. The Alaskan Independence Party sued the state of Alaska in 2020, seeking to overturn the results from a referendum where ranked-choice voting was implemented in Alaska's general elections. The AIP has embraced a "traditional family" message in

2940-521: The Alaskan statehood vote. In 1973, Vogler began circulating a petition seeking support for secession of Alaska from the United States. The Alaska magazine published a piece at that time in which Vogler claimed to have gathered 25,000 signatures in three weeks. In 1978, Vogler merged the AFI into the Alaskan Independence Party (AIP), a political party. During the first decade of its existence,

3024-623: The Chair of the AIP Vogler had a dispute with the Bureau of Land Management, resulting in a stand-off with BLM officers and a lawsuit against Vogler by the BLM. Vogler's running mate in 1986 was Al Rowe, a Fairbanks resident and former Alaska State Trooper . Rowe took out a series of newspaper ads, fashioning himself in the image of Sheriff Buford Pusser . These ads were a major attention getter during

3108-542: The House until 2007. The party did not get involved in presidential elections until 1992 , when it endorsed Howard Phillips , the candidate of the U.S. Taxpayers Party (now the Constitution Party ). Mark Chryson, the former Chair of the AIP, in 2008 said that "the Confederate states [should] have been allowed to separate and go their peaceful ways...The War of Northern Aggression, or the Civil War, or

3192-590: The June 2 California primary, Phillips had received 15,456 votes in the American Independent Party primary. On August 30, the American Independent Party voted to affiliate with the U.S. Taxpayers Party, an affiliation which continued until 2008. Phillips and Knight drew 43,369 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). Populist candidate: Former United States Army Special Forces officer and Vietnam veteran Bo Gritz

3276-954: The North Slope despite opposition from Alaskan Natives. In November 1968, Hickel's department of transportation began construction on a 400-mile road from Livengood to Prudhoe Bay that would later be known as the Hickel Highway. The same year, Hickel appointed Ted Stevens to the United States Senate to replace the recently deceased Bob Bartlett . Like his predecessor Egan, Hickel sought to improve relations with Alaskan Natives in seeking resolutions on Native land claims. A group of Native Americans from Interior Alaska , including Morris Thompson and Don and Jules Wright , played major roles in his 1966 campaign and subsequent governorship. Richard Nixon's election as U.S. President in late 1968 led to an offer to Hickel from

3360-419: The Party was used exclusively by Vogler for his first two campaigns for governor and campaign for lieutenant governor. Vogler would serve as the AIP's standard-bearer for most of the party's first two decades. The party has maintained its recognized status since, first by maintaining thresholds in gubernatorial elections, then through same with voter registration. Vogler, who founded the AIP described himself as

3444-582: The President-elect to serve in the United States Cabinet as Interior Secretary. Initially, Hickel declined the cabinet offer. Nixon replied that his decision was final. Hickel would recall years later that he cried afterward and announced that he would be resigning from the governorship to go to Washington. Hickel's nomination was met with what he later wrote was a newspaper "smear" campaign of false and "crazy accusations" that he had

Alaskan Independence Party - Misplaced Pages Continue

3528-456: The Republican Party's nominees for governor and lieutenant governor), stepped aside, largely alluding to the illness of Lindauer's wife as the reason. Hickel and Coghill prevailed in the general election. Although he had common ground with the Alaskan Independence Party in fighting restrictions on land use imposed by federal environmentalism , Hickel had been one of the most influential historical proponents of Alaska statehood and never endorsed

3612-679: The War Between the States -- however you want to refer to it -- was not about slavery, it was about states' rights." The chairmanship of the AIP came to Lynette Clark about 2004. Also joining around 2001 was prolife activist and conservative public school teacher Bob Bird, who was a Pat Buchanan delegate at the 1996 GOP convention. Bird had run against Ted Stevens in the 1990 primary, when he first met Vogler. Bird's strong showing against Stevens, coupled with his friendship with one of statehood founders Jack Coghill, encouraged Hickel and Coghill to join

3696-622: The affair. The primary began with Harkin winning his native Iowa as expected. Tsongas won the New Hampshire primary on February 18, but Clinton's second-place finish, helped by his speech labeling himself "The Comeback Kid," energized his campaign. Brown won the Maine caucus and Kerrey won South Dakota . Clinton won his first primary in Georgia. Tsongas won the Utah and Maryland primaries and

3780-572: The area could not be redeveloped extensively, he chose a site close to one of the largest landslides in the area as a show of confidence in the city's future. The result was the Hotel Captain Cook , a nine-story luxury hotel that opened in 1965 on Fourth Avenue, adjacent to the historic Wendler Building . Hickel's confidence in the project was not misplaced, as the hotel grew to become a major landmark in Anchorage. A fifteen-story tower

3864-606: The beginning of a period of Democratic dominance and the end of a period of Republican dominance in American presidential politics that began in 1968 (with 1976 being the sole exception), and also marked the end of 12 years of Republican rule of the White House , as well as the end of the Greatest Generation 's 32-year American rule and the beginning of the baby boomers ' decades-long dominance lasting through

3948-493: The campaign, Gritz openly proclaimed the United States to be a "Christian Nation", stating that the country's legal statutes "should reflect unashamed acceptance of Almighty God and His Laws". His run on the America First/Populist Party ticket was prompted by his association with another far-right political Christian talk radio host, Tom Valentine. During his campaign, part of Gritz's standard stump speech

4032-497: The case of Kohlhaas v. State the Alaska State Supreme Court ruled any attempt at secession to be unconstitutional and the initiative was not approved to appear on the fall ballot. In May 2009 the party had 13,119 registered members. As of May 2021, a press release on the AIP website indicates that the number of registered members has grown to nearly 19,000, making it the state's third largest party and about

4116-475: The cases of Mississippi a sore-loser law was in place, and because he ran in that state's Democratic presidential primary he was ineligible to run as an Independent in the general. Ohio also had a sore-loser law, but it was ruled in Brown vs. Taft that it did not apply to presidential candidates. LaRouche and Beval drew 22,863 votes. (<0.1% of the popular vote). Socialist Workers candidate: James Warren , who

4200-583: The eastern Midwest , the Mountain West , Appalachia , and parts of the South . This election was the first time a Democrat had won the presidency without Texas since its statehood and North Carolina since 1844 . This was also the last time to date that the state of Montana voted Democratic in a presidential election, and the last time until 2020 that Georgia did so. This was also the last time Colorado voted Democratic until 2008 . Clinton flipped

4284-601: The economy . Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote and a majority of the electoral vote , breaking a streak of three consecutive Republican victories. He won states in every region of the country; in what is considered the start of a major political realignment, he swept the Northeast and the West Coast , marking the start of Democratic dominance in both regions in both presidential and statewide elections that remains ongoing to this day. Clinton also performed well in

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4368-482: The entry of Ralph Nader into presidential politics as a candidate. Despite the advice of several liberal and environmental groups, Nader did not formally run. Rather, he tried to make an impact in the New Hampshire primaries , urging members of both parties to write-in his name. As a result, several thousand Democrats and Republicans wrote-in Nader's name. Despite supporting mostly liberal legislation during his career as

4452-458: The federal Secretary of the Interior , Hickel proved to be a strong environmentalist, supporting strong legislation that put liabilities on oil companies operating offshore oil rigs as well as demanding environmental safeguards on Alaska's growing oil industry. Hickel's centrist voice inside the Nixon Administration eventually led to confrontations with the President. In 1970 following the shooting of college students at Kent State University by

4536-471: The federal government. On multiple occasions, Vogler called for violence against the federal government. For instance, Vogler once said, "God, I hate those sons of bitches. If I ever get a revolution going, I'm going to import a bunch of guillotines and lop off their lying heads." In a 1991 interview, Vogler said "And you say the hell with [government]. And you renounce allegiance, and you pledge your efforts, your effects, your honor, your life to Alaska." While

4620-432: The general election, standing as the National Economic Recovery candidate. LaRouche was in jail at the time, having been convicted of conspiracy to commit mail fraud in December 1988; it was only the second time in history that the presidency was sought from a prison cell (after Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs , while imprisoned for his opposition to U.S. involvement in World War I , ran in 1920). His running-mate

4704-411: The idea was hatched to run a slate of Hickel and Coghill under the Alaskan Independence Party banner. AIP chairman Joe Vogler was brought from Fairbanks to Anchorage immediately prior to the deadline for political parties to substitute their nominees. John Lindauer and Jerry Ward , who had been chosen in the primary as the AIP ticket (and would, eight years later, win another blanket primary as

4788-440: The local real estate industry. Seven years later in 1947 he had founded a successful construction company. Hickel joined Democrats in calling for Alaskan statehood during the late 1940s and into the 1950s. In 1958, the Alaska Statehood Act was signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower . By the 1950s, he was the finance chairman of the Republican Party and, in 1952, received the backing of businessmen in Anchorage for

4872-860: The nomination to Ronald Daniels , the former Director the National Rainbow Coalition . Rather than pursuing a ballot space of her own, Fulani would endorse Daniels's candidacy in California. Fulani and her running mate Maria Elizabeth Muñoz received 73,622 votes (0.1% of the popular vote). The newly formed Natural Law Party nominated scientist and researcher John Hagelin for president and Mike Tompkins for vice president. The Natural Law Party had been founded in 1992 by Hagelin and 12 others who felt that governmental problems could be solved more effectively by following "Natural Laws". The party platform included preventive health care, sustainable agriculture and renewable energy technologies. During this and future campaigns, Hagelin favored abortion rights without public financing, campaign finance law reform, improved gun control,

4956-437: The present day. Bush had alienated many conservatives in his party by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge not to raise taxes , but he fended off a primary challenge from paleoconservative commentator Pat Buchanan without losing a single contest. Bush's popularity following his success in the Gulf War dissuaded high-profile Democratic candidates such as Mario Cuomo from entering the 1992 Democratic primaries . Clinton,

5040-447: The presidential contest in July and remaining out of the race for several weeks before re-entering. He compounded this damage by eventually claiming, without evidence, that his withdrawal was due to Republican operatives attempting to disrupt his daughter's wedding. Perot and retired Vice Admiral James Stockdale drew 19,743,821 votes (19% of the popular vote). Libertarian candidates: The 6th Libertarian Party National Convention

5124-411: The race. Between Rowe's ads and the turmoil existing in the Republican Party over the nomination of Arliss Sturgulewski , the AIP gained 5.2 percent of the vote, becoming a recognized party in Alaska for the first time. In 1990 , former Republican governor Walter Joseph Hickel won the election for governor as a member of the Alaskan Independence Party, with Jack Coghill as his running mate . This

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5208-460: The second consecutive time against mostly conservative opposition, was criticized by many Republicans for her positions on issues such as abortion and capital punishment . Following a contentious meeting between Sturgulewski and prominent conservative Republicans held in the home of David Cuddy , Coghill felt that it was impossible to continue to run on the ticket with Sturgulewski. After Coghill met first with Hickel and then with Edgar Paul Boyko ,

5292-430: The second in the young state's history as well as Alaska's first Republican governorship, oversaw the discovery of oilfields at Prudhoe Bay in 1968, a factor that would prove politically decisive in later years. Hickel, a moderate Republican and environmentalist, did not push for heavy oil exploitation. Nevertheless, during his first few months in office, his administration approved the sale of oil leases on 37,000 acres of

5376-442: The states, most notably the Peace and Freedom Party of California; though he had lost that party's presidential primary to Lenora Fulani , the nominee of the New Alliance Party , the delegates at its convention voted in favor of his candidacy 110–91, the only time it has ever nominated someone other than the winner of the primary. Daniels and Tupachache drew 27,396 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). The 1992 campaign also marked

5460-427: The success of the opposition forced the moderate Bush to move further to the right than in the previous election , and to incorporate many socially conservative planks in the party platform. Bush allowed Buchanan to give a prime time address at the Republican National Convention in Houston , Texas, and his "Culture War" speech alienated Liberal Republicans . With intense pressure on the Buchanan delegates to relent,

5544-403: The tally for president went as follows: Vice President Dan Quayle was renominated by voice vote. The public's concern about the federal budget deficit and fears of professional politicians allowed the independent candidacy of billionaire Texan Ross Perot to explode on the scene in dramatic fashion—at one point Perot was leading the major party candidates in the polls. Perot crusaded against

5628-420: The territorial governorship, but Benjamin Heintzleman was appointed instead. In 1953, Hickel along with the national committeewoman for Alaska, the vice chairman for the territorial party and his wife went to the Republican Party's western conference in San Francisco and was later elected as head of the Anchorage Republican Club. In December 1953, he and eighteen other prominent Republicans from Anchorage sent

5712-423: The third party's influence in gaining election of Sarah Palin as mayor of Wasilla in her first political office. For other AKIP candidates who earned more than 5.0% of the vote in state legislative races, see List of third-party and independent performances in Alaska state legislative elections . Notable past party officials include: Wally Hickel Walter Joseph Hickel (August 18, 1919 – May 7, 2010)

5796-464: The year so as to allow the Party to be able to seek ballot access properly. While initially a temporary post, it was made permanent at the party's national convention, which was held in New Orleans on September 4 and 5. At the convention, which was attended by delegates from thirty-two states and Washington, D.C., Phillips received 264 votes on the first ballot, while Albion Knight was approved as his running mate by acclamation. Earlier that year, in

5880-410: Was James Bevel , a civil rights activist who had represented the LaRouche movement in its pursuit of the Franklin child prostitution ring allegations . In addition to the displayed states, LaRouche had nearly made the ballot in the states of New York and Mississippi. In the case of New York, while his petition was valid and had enough signatures, none of his electors filed declarations of candidacy; in

5964-452: Was a professor with expertise in the study of wildlife in the marshes . A blanket primary held on August 28, 1990, resulted in Arliss Sturgulewski , a member of the Alaska Senate from Anchorage since 1979, winning the Republican nomination for governor of Alaska . Winning the Democratic nomination was Tony Knowles , the immediate past mayor of Anchorage . The Republicans chose as their nominee for lieutenant governor Jack Coghill ,

6048-529: Was a prominent real estate developer and successful businessman, with a focus on hotels and shopping centers. As chairman of the Hickel Investment Company, he oversaw the construction and operation of numerous properties, including those built to house Safeway 's initial stores in Alaska. In 1964, Hickel decided to build a high-rise luxury hotel in downtown Anchorage following the devastating 1964 Alaska earthquake . Despite skepticism that

6132-671: Was added in 1972, followed by an eighteen-story tower in 1978. Today, the Hotel Captain Cook covers almost an entire city block and includes a connected parking garage covering another half-block. Overall, Hickel's business career was marked by a commitment to development that balanced economic growth with environmental responsibility. His success as a businessman provided him with the resources and platform to pursue public service and activism, where he continued to advocate for sustainable development and environmental protection. In 2006 he supported Sarah Palin in her bid to become governor of Alaska; however, in 2009, he stated that he didn't "give

6216-514: Was an American businessman, real estate developer, and politician who served as the second governor of Alaska from 1966 to 1969 and 1990 to 1994, as well as U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1969 to 1970. He worked as a construction worker and eventually became a construction company operator during Alaska's territorial days . Following World War II , Hickel became heavily involved with real estate development, building residential subdivisions, shopping centers and hotels. Hickel entered politics in

6300-466: Was an attractive candidate based on his business and military background, but made several gaffes on the campaign trail. Arkansas governor Bill Clinton positioned himself as a centrist, or New Democrat . He was relatively unknown nationally before the primary season. That quickly changed however, when Gennifer Flowers alleged an extramarital affair. Clinton denied the story, appearing on 60 Minutes with his wife, Hillary Clinton ; in 1998, he admitted

6384-521: Was an idea to pay off the national debt by minting a coin at the Treasury and sending it to the Federal Reserve. This predates the 2012 trillion-dollar coin concept. During August 1992, Gritz attracted national attention as mediator during the government standoff with Randy Weaver at Ruby Ridge , Idaho. He received 106,152 votes nationwide (0.1% of the popular vote). In two states he had

6468-620: Was buried in Anchorage Memorial Park , standing up, facing east towards Washington, D.C. 1992 United States presidential election George H. W. Bush Republican Bill Clinton Democratic Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 3, 1992. Democratic governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas defeated incumbent Republican president George H. W. Bush and independent businessman Ross Perot of Texas . The election marked

6552-479: Was considered very likely; several high-profile candidates, such as Mario Cuomo and Jesse Jackson refused to seek the Democratic nomination. Senator Al Gore refused to seek the nomination due to the fact his son had been struck by a car and was undergoing surgery and physical therapy. However, Tom Harkin , Paul Tsongas , Jerry Brown , Larry Agran , Bob Kerrey , Douglas Wilder and Bill Clinton chose to run as candidates. U.S. senator Tom Harkin (Iowa) ran as

6636-596: Was fired over the letter. Days before he lost the office, Hickel had told CBS ' 60 Minutes that he would not quit under pressure and that he would go away only "with an arrow in my heart, not a bullet in my back." Hickel's undersecretaries, such as Leslie Glasgow , who was in charge of Fish, Wildlife, Parks, and Marine Resources, were also dismissed. After less than two years in Washington, Glasgow returned to Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge , where he

6720-514: Was found guilty by a Washington D.C. jury of seven felonies in October 2008, narrowly losing his November election to Democrat Mark Begich , eight days later. Stevens' conviction was later set aside by the federal trial judge over the issue of prosecutorial misconduct. The Justice Department under Eric Holder declined to refile charges against the ex-Senator. Hickel died on May 7, 2010, in Anchorage, Alaska. In keeping with his often-stated wish, he

6804-536: Was held in Chicago, Illinois. There, the Libertarian Party nominated Andre Marrou , former Alaska State Representative and the Party's 1988 vice presidential candidate, for president. Nancy Lord was his running mate. Marrou and Lord drew 291,627 votes (0.28% of the popular vote). New Alliance candidate: Lenora Fulani , who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the New Alliance Party , received

6888-492: Was the 1988 presidential nominee of the Socialist Workers Party , received a second consecutive nomination from the Party on the first of November 1991. Warren had two running mates that varied from state to state; Estelle DeBates and Willie Mae Reid , the latter also a resident of Illinois. Warren received 22,882 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). Ronald Daniels was the former executive director for

6972-482: Was the first time since Alaska joined the union that a third-party candidate has been elected governor, until the election of Jesse Ventura in Minnesota in 1998 , and then Bill Walker in Alaska in 2014 . Hickel refused a vote on secession called on by a fringe group within the AIP loyal to Vogler's original vision. He rejoined the Republican Party in 1994, with eight months remaining in his term. Carl E. Moses ,

7056-570: Was the nominee of the Populist Party , facing virtually no opposition. Under the campaign slogan "God, Guns and Gritz" and publishing his political manifesto "The Bill of Gritz" (playing on his last name rhyming with "rights"), he called for staunch opposition to what he called "global government" and "The New World Order", ending all foreign aid, abolishing federal income tax, and abolishing the Federal Reserve System. During

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