Italy
77-686: Albenga ( Ligurian : Arbenga ; Latin : Albingaunum ) is a city and comune situated on the Gulf of Genoa on the Italian Riviera in the Province of Savona in Liguria , northern Italy. Albenga has the nickname of city of a hundred spires . The economy is mostly based on tourism, local commerce and agriculture. Albenga has six hamlets : Lusignano , San Fedele , Campochiesa , Leca , Bastia , Salea . The name of Albenga comes from
154-526: A Gallo-Italic language, Ligurian is most closely related to the Lombard , Piedmontese and Emilian-Romagnol languages, all of which are spoken in neighboring provinces. Unlike the aforementioned languages, however, it exhibits distinct Italian features. No link has, thus far, been demonstrated by linguistic evidence between Romance Ligurian and the Ligurian language of the ancient Ligurian populations , in
231-521: A gh'à tutti i driti e e libertæ proclamæ inte questa Diciaraçion, sensa nisciunn-a distinçion de razza, cô, sesso, lengoa, religion, òpinion politica ò d'atro tipo, òrigine naçionale ò sociale, poxiçion econòmica, nascimento, ò quæ se segge atra condiçion. Pe de ciù, no se faiâ nisciunn-a diferensa fondâ in sciâ condiçion politica, giuridica ò internaçionale do Paize ò do teritöio a-o quæ e personn-e apartegnan, segge pe-i Paixi indipendenti che pe-i teritöi sott'aministraçion fiduciaia, sens'outonomia, ò sotomissi
308-721: A large territory between Finale and Sanremo . During the Second Punic War the town of Albenga was allied with the Carthaginians , but was defeated by the Romans under proconsul Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus in 181 BC. The following year the Romans and the Ingauni signed a foedus (alliance agreement) which started the total Romanization of the whole region. Put under Latin rights in 89 BC, Albingaunum
385-673: A powerful lord. Fulk was a wealthy crusader and experienced military commander, and a widower. His experience in the field would prove invaluable in a frontier state always in the grip of war. However, Fulk held out for better terms than mere consort of the Queen; he wanted to be king alongside Melisende. Baldwin II, reflecting on Fulk's fortune and military exploits, acquiesced. Fulk then resigned his titles to his son Geoffrey and sailed to become King of Jerusalem, where he married Melisende on 2 June 1129. Later Baldwin II bolstered Melisende's position in
462-535: A series of rooms decorated with frescoes, it houses works of art and findings from the excavation of the cathedral. Among the paintings stand out a St. John attributed to Caravaggio and The Martyrdom of Saint Catherine by Guido Reni . Restructured by Emperor Augustus in 13 BC, the Via Julia Augusta was the most important communication link in the Italian Riviera until the construction of
539-502: A slight on her moral character: "car telle n'est que roine doie iestre di si haute cite comme de Jherusalem" ("there should not be such a queen for so holy a city as Jerusalem"). Nevertheless, consanguinity was enough for the opposition. Amalric agreed and ascended the throne without a wife, although Agnes continued to hold the title Countess of Jaffa and Ascalon and received a pension from that fief's income. The church ruled that Agnes's children were legitimate and preserved their place in
616-555: A strong position to succeed her brother, but Maria's daughter Isabella had the support of her stepfather's family, the Ibelins . In 1179, Baldwin began planning to marry Sibylla to Hugh III of Burgundy , but by spring 1180 this was still unresolved. Raymond III of Tripoli attempted a coup, and began to march on Jerusalem with Bohemund III, to force the king to marry his sister to a local candidate of his own choosing, probably Baldwin of Ibelin , Balian's older brother. To counter this,
693-509: A ògni atra limitaçion de sovranitæ. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on
770-676: Is Albenga Place, Secret Harbor , Western Australia. Albenga is accessible via the A10 motorway. Since 1969 has started the process regarding the project for a road that can unite the plain directly and quickly with the Val Bormida , which it will be able to link directly Albenga to the Piedmont region, going straight to France and to Northern Europe. This project is called the Predosa-Albenga motorway; in 2010 has been kicked off for
847-579: Is a Gallo-Italic language spoken primarily in the territories of the former Republic of Genoa , now comprising the area of Liguria in Northern Italy , parts of the Mediterranean coastal zone of France , Monaco (where it is called Monégasque ), the village of Bonifacio in Corsica , and in the villages of Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island off
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#1732788002181924-707: Is based on the Latin alphabet , and consists of 25 letters: ⟨a⟩ , ⟨æ⟩ , ⟨b⟩ , ⟨c⟩ , ⟨ç⟩ , ⟨d⟩ , ⟨e⟩ , ⟨f⟩ , ⟨g⟩ , ⟨h⟩ , ⟨i⟩ , ⟨l⟩ , ⟨m⟩ , ⟨n⟩ , ⟨ñ⟩ or ⟨nn-⟩ , ⟨o⟩ , ⟨p⟩ , ⟨q⟩ , ⟨r⟩ , ⟨s⟩ , ⟨t⟩ , ⟨u⟩ , ⟨v⟩ , ⟨x⟩ , ⟨z⟩ . The ligature ⟨æ⟩ indicates
1001-642: Is claimed by the current king of Spain . The Kingdom of Jerusalem had its origins in the First Crusade, when proposals to govern the city as an ecclesiastical state were rejected. In 1099 Godfrey of Bouillon was elected as the first Latin ruler of Jerusalem and was inaugurated in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem . He took the title of prince and Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri , meaning Advocate of
1078-460: Is long 3 km (1.86 miles) The private island of Gallinara is less than one naval mile from Albenga. Albenga is home to the following secondary schools: The Higher Institute of Religious Studies (often abbreviated ISSR) is a university that promotes the study and scientific research on religion. Local delicacies include: Drinks include: Albenga is crossed by Via Aurelia , which connects Rome to France. This road used to pass through
1155-481: Is realized as a semivowel [ w ] after a consonant, or before a vowel (i.e poeivan [pwejvaŋ] ), as well as after /k/ , when the sequence is spelled ⟨qu⟩ . Diphthong sounds include ⟨ei⟩ [ej] and ⟨òu⟩ [ɔw] . No universally accepted orthography exists for Ligurian. Genoese, the prestige dialect, has two main orthographic standards. One, known as grafia unitäia (unitary orthography), has been adopted by
1232-492: Is scarce, archaeological excavations indicate that Albenga was a significant town during Late Antiquity . In 451, the presence of a bishop from Albenga at a synod at Milan indicates that Albenga's see was likely the most significant in western Liguria at the time. During the 5th century, the city suffered from raids by the Visigoths , who partly destroyed and looted Albenga. The old Municipium , now in poor condition,
1309-748: Is ubiquitous and increasing. It is also spoken in the department of the Alpes-Maritimes of France (mostly the Côte d'Azur from the Italian border to and including Monaco ), in the town of Bonifacio at the southern tip of the French island of Corsica , and by a large community in Gibraltar ( UK ). It has been adopted formally in Monaco under the name Monégasque – locally, Munegascu – but without
1386-618: The First Crusade with its own banner, troops and money, receiving the rights of free trade by the King of Jerusalem . From that time on, the Golden Red Cross flag was displayed on its own ships and towers. Later on, after the invasion of northern Italy by emperor Frederick Barbarossa , the city supported him and joined to Ghibelline coalition which was never abandoned during the following centuries. In 1159 Albenga received
1463-560: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and, indirectly, his place in the succession. The claim was made in 1264 as senior descendant and rightful heir of Alice of Champagne , second daughter of Queen Isabella I, Hugh being the son of their eldest daughter. But was passed over by the Haute Cour in favour of his cousin, Hugh of Antioch , the future Hugh III of Cyprus and Hugh I of Jerusalem. After Conrad III's execution by Charles I of Sicily in 1268,
1540-493: The Latin Albíngaunum that comes from Album Ingaunum , that it means the capital city + genitive plural in -um. The ethnonym Ingauni (Ingauners) consists of Indo-European origin , and a name of Gaulish -ligurian land. Album comes from "alb o alp" an ancient pre-Indo-European (rock, hill), often erroneously associated to "album" a Latin word meaning white or clear. The first name was Album Ingaunum, but when it
1617-693: The Republic of Genoa , its traditional importance in trade and commerce, and its vast literature. Like other regional languages in Italy, the use of Ligurian and its dialects is in rapid decline. ISTAT (the Italian Central Service of Statistics) claims that in 2012, only 9% of the population used a language other than standard Italian with friends and family, which decreases to 1.8% with strangers. Furthermore, according to ISTAT, regional languages are more commonly spoken by uneducated people and
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#17327880021811694-457: The province of Alessandria , around the area of Novi Ligure , and the Province of Cuneo , in the municipalities of Ormea , Garessio , Alto and Caprauna ), western extremes of Emilia-Romagna (some areas in the province of Piacenza ), and in Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island off of southwestern Sardinia (known as Tabarchino ), where its use
1771-571: The 13th century to the present, such as Luchetto (the Genoese Anonym), Martin Piaggio [ it ; lij ] , and Gian Giacomo Cavalli [ it ; lij ] . The Italian Government does not consider Ligurian a language, but rather a dialect of Italian . Hence, it is not protected by law. Historically, Genoese (the dialect spoken in the city of Genoa) is the written koiné , owing to its semi-official role as language of
1848-536: The 5th century. The current appearance dates from a late 19th-century restoration work, carried on by Alfredo D'Andrade. During those works, the original basin vaulted roof, built with the Byzantine- Ravennate technique of the "tubi fittili" (terracotta tubes), was completely destroyed. The mosaic decorations of the vault of the presbytery go back to the 5th and 6th centuries. Dating back to the early 14th century, it has undergone several renovations over
1925-632: The Church of the Holy Sepulchre. This was probably in response to the opinion that only Christ could wear a crown in Jerusalem. Advocatus was a title with which Godfrey was already familiar as the term was much used in the lands where the Crusaders originated; it referred to a layman who protected and administered Church estates. The following year, Godfrey died. His brother Baldwin I was
2002-518: The Ibelins. Raymond wanted instead to have her and her husband Humphrey IV of Toron crowned. However, Humphrey, whose stepfather Raynald of Châtillon was an ally of Guy, deserted him and swore allegiance to Guy and Sibylla. The frequent absence or minority of monarchs required regents to be appointed many times throughout the Kingdom's existence. Over the years, many European rulers claimed to be
2079-470: The Italian Riviera. Albenga is located in the western coast of the Italian Riviera . It has a homonymous plain at the mouth of the river Centa , which over the centuries has been the architect of the Albenga's plain, remodeling the ground several times and forcing the Albenga people to adopt embankments and bridges since its foundation. Up to the 17th century, Albenga based its economy on maritime trade, as
2156-645: The Kings of England and France and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor – and the Pope were able to adjudicate between the claims of Sibylla and Isabella. These "most rightful heirs" were not named. Baldwin IV died in spring 1185, and was succeeded by his nephew. Raymond was bailli , but he had passed Baldwin V's personal guardianship to Joscelin III of Edessa, his maternal great-uncle, claiming that he did not wish to attract suspicion if
2233-664: The Ligurian-language press – including the Genoese column of the largest Ligurian press newspaper, Il Secolo XIX – as well as a number of other publishing houses and academic projects. The other, proposed by the cultural association A Compagna and the Academia Ligustica do Brenno is the self-styled grafia ofiçiâ (official orthography). The two orthographies mainly differ in their usage of diacritics and doubled consonants. The Ligurian alphabet
2310-532: The Napoleonic situated close to the sea; the current site of the Via Aurelia. Its path, with plenty of Roman buildings destined to funerary celebrations, makes an archaeological walk beautiful also from a panoramic and naturalistic point of view. Albenga is also home to the remains of a Roman amphitheatre dating from the 3rd century BC. It represents the only example of theatrical construction knowns on
2387-454: The Roman camp main road axes ( cardo and decumanus ), the town has its planimetric hub in the historical San Michele Square. Around it some palaces were built, which were historically the seats of political and religious authorities. Built on the basic structures of the early Christian basilica put up by orders of Constantius III between the 4th and 5th century, it has a façade with traces of
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2464-451: The abbey of Abbadia Alpina . The coastal climate is mild, featuring mild winters and warm summers. Sea breezes mitigate extreme heat, resulting in rarely very hot summers. In contrast, the Albenga plain's countryside exhibits more continental characteristics, with colder winters and hotter summers than the coastal area. Built on the ancient orthogonal structure that had the current "Via Medaglie d'oro" and "Via Enrico d'Aste" respectively as
2541-498: The baptistery, it dates from the 11th century, with a 13th-century portal. It is the seat of the local bishop and houses the Holy Art Museum. The wing leading to the baptistery show several construction phases from the 13th and 14th centuries. The decoration with black and white stripes was added in 1463 under bishop Napoleone Fieschi. The heraldic fresco is by Giovanni Canavesio (1477). The Diocesan Museum of Albenga occupies
2618-568: The basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Some basic vocabulary, in the spelling of the Genoese Academia Ligustica do Brenno : [REDACTED] Wikisource has original text related to this article: Ligurian language wikisource King of Jerusalem The king or queen of Jerusalem
2695-567: The child, who does not seem to have been robust, were to die. Baldwin V died during the summer of 1186, at Acre . Neither side paid any heed to Baldwin IV's will. After the funeral, Joscelin had Sibylla named as her brother's successor, although she had to agree to divorce Guy, just as her father had divorced her mother, with the guarantee that she would be allowed to choose a new consort. Once crowned, she immediately crowned Guy. Meanwhile, Raymond had gone to Nablus , home of Balian and Maria, and summoned all those nobles loyal to Princess Isabella and
2772-865: The city center alongside the old town of Albenga. In 1960 was built an alternative road which has made possible to move all traffic outside from Albenga. The city is crossed by main road, built over the past centuries, which connects with the close Piedmont region. For this reason is called as Piedmont road . There are five roads in the world named Albenga: four are in Florida in the United States and one in Australia . The Florida ones are: Albenga Avenue Coral Gables ; Albenga Road Northwest to Palm Bay ; Southwest Albenga Avenue Port Saint Lucie ; and Albenga Lane in North Port . The Australian example
2849-644: The city of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade , during 1229–1239 and 1241–1244. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was finally dissolved with the fall of Acre and the end of the Crusades in the Holy Land in 1291. Even after the Crusader States ceased to exist, the title of "King of Jerusalem" was claimed by a number of European noble houses descended from the kings of Cyprus or the kings of Naples , and
2926-469: The city was built on the mouth of the river Centa and it was surrounded by walls and bridges. During the time the river Centa has changed its natural path. When Albenga was annexed to the Republic of Genoa , the Republic chose to bury the port to punish the rebel city and stop any possible rebellion and like natural event. Nowadays the river flows along the city centre flowing to the mouth river. Even
3003-638: The coast of southwestern Sardinia . It is part of the Gallo-Italic and Western Romance dialect continuum . Although part of Gallo-Italic, it exhibits several features of the Italo-Romance group of central and southern Italy . Zeneize (literally " Genoese "), spoken in Genoa , the capital of Liguria, is the language's prestige dialect on which the standard is based. There is a long literary tradition of Ligurian poets and writers that goes from
3080-727: The coast. The new railway system will be replaced by a new double track line. According with the new railway system the train station will be in the hamlet of Bastia. In the close village of Villanova d'Albenga there is the Airport International "C. Panero" , which has opened in 1922. Into the airport there is also the garrison of the 15 º Helicopters unit of Carabinieri (Italian gendarmerie). Ligurian language Ligurian ( / l ɪ ˈ ɡ j ʊər i ə n / lig- YOOR -ee-ən ; endonym: lìgure ) or Genoese ( / ˌ dʒ ɛ n oʊ ˈ iː z / JEN -oh- EEZ ; endonym: zeneise or zeneize )
3157-423: The early decline it underwent in the past. The language itself is actively preserved by various groups. Because of the importance of Genoese trade, Ligurian was once spoken well beyond the borders of the modern province. It has since given way to standard varieties, such as Standard Italian and French . In particular, the language is traditionally spoken in coastal, northern Tuscany , southern Piedmont (part of
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3234-403: The elderly, mostly in rural areas. Liguria is no exception. One can reasonably suppose the age pyramid to be strongly biased toward the elderly who were born before World War II , with proficiency rapidly approaching zero for newer generations. Compared to other regional languages of Italy, Ligurian has experienced a significantly smaller decline which could have been a consequence of its status or
3311-721: The entire Western part of the Italian Riviera. Albenga is placed to a short distance from the Amphitheatre and the Via Julia Augusta. The funeral monument is called the Pilone , standing over the eastern slope of the Mount. This is the most renowned and characteristic Ingauner funeral monument. Also in the mount area is the Palaeo-Christian Basilica of S. Calocero (4th–5th century). It has built on
3388-580: The fall of Jerusalem in 1187, the capital of the kingdom was moved to Acre , where it remained until 1291, although coronations took place in Tyre . In this period the kingship was often simply a nominal position, held by a European ruler who never actually lived in Acre. When young Conrad III was king and living in Southern Germany, his father's second cousin, Hugh of Brienne , claimed the regency of
3465-406: The final design. Albenga has its own railway station, located on the line Genoa-Ventimiglia . The station has been opened in 1872, but the existing train station was rebuilt by architect Roberto Narducci in 1930. The existing railway system has got one single track. In the new project regarding the new railway system, it will across the countryside instead of the existing one which is crossing
3542-431: The first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, refused the title of king choosing instead the title Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri , that is Advocate or Defender of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre . In 1100 Baldwin I , Godfrey's successor, was the first ruler crowned as king. The crusaders in Jerusalem were conquered in 1187 , but their Kingdom of Jerusalem survived, moving the capital to Acre in 1191. Crusaders re-captured
3619-474: The first to use the title of king and the first to be crowned king in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem itself. The kingship of Jerusalem was partially elective and partially hereditary . During the height of the kingdom in the mid-12th century there was a royal family and a relatively clear line of succession. Nevertheless, the king was elected, or at least recognized, by the Haute Cour . Here
3696-469: The following year, he was re-appointed bailli and was given possession of Beirut . Baldwin came to an agreement with Raymond and the Haute Cour to make Baldwin of Montferrat, Sibylla's son by her first marriage, his heir, before Sibylla and Guy. The child was crowned co-king as Baldwin V in 1183 in a ceremony presided by Raymond. It was agreed that, should the boy die during his minority, the regency would pass to "the most rightful heirs" until his kinsmen –
3773-505: The form of a substrate or otherwise. Very little is known about ancient Ligurian itself due to the lack of inscriptions and the unknown origin of the Ligurian people. Only onomastics and toponyms are known to have survived from ancient Ligurian, the name Liguria itself being the most obvious example. Most important variants of the Ligurian language are: Semivowels occur as allophones of /i/ and /u/ , as well as in diphthongs. /u/
3850-672: The imperial investiture for all its territory. In 1798 Albenga was declared capital of the Centa Jurisdiction, as part of the short living constitution of the Ligurian Republic . In 1815 the city, together with the whole Liguria , was assigned to the House of Savoy (the Italian Royal family) and became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia . The town was the head city of the new province of Albenga. The new district
3927-724: The king hastily arranged her marriage to Guy of Lusignan , younger brother of Amalric , the constable of the kingdom. A foreign match was essential to bring the possibility of external military aid to the kingdom. With the new French king Philip II a minor, Guy's status as a vassal of the King and Sibylla's first cousin Henry II of England – who owed the Pope a penitential pilgrimage – was useful. By 1182, Baldwin IV, increasingly incapacitated by his leprosy, named Guy as bailli . Raymond contested this, but when Guy fell out of favour with Baldwin
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#17327880021814004-484: The king was considered a primus inter pares (first among equals), and in his absence his duties were performed by his seneschal . The purpose-built royal palace used from the 1160s onwards was located south of Jerusalem's citadel . The Kingdom of Jerusalem introduced French feudal structures to the Levant . The king personally held several fiefs incorporated into the royal domain , that varied from king to king. He
4081-411: The kingdom by making her sole guardian of her son by Fulk, Baldwin III , born in 1130. Fulk and Melisende became joint rulers of Jerusalem in 1131 with Baldwin II's death. From the start Fulk assumed sole control of the government, excluding Melisende altogether. He favored fellow countrymen from Anjou to the native nobility. The other crusader states to the north feared that Fulk would attempt to impose
4158-633: The kingship was held by the Lusignan family, who were simultaneously kings of Cyprus . However, Charles I of Sicily purchased the rights of one of the heirs of the kingdom in 1277. In that year, he sent Roger of Sanseverino to the East as his bailiff . Roger captured Acre and obtained a forced homage from the barons. Roger was recalled in 1282 due to the Sicilian Vespers and left Odo Poilechien in his place to rule. His resources and authority
4235-463: The latter martyr's tomb. Other archaeological side and interest points are: Besides being an important historical town, Albenga is a coastal and touristic resort town of the Italian Riviera. The coast of Albenga has a length of some 4 km (2.48 miles) of fine sand mixed with pebbles, with bathing establishments. The coast is divided in small public beaches and other managed and fully beach equipped ran by private entrepreneurs. The sea promenade
4312-402: The memory of the old bridges was deleting itself. Albenga is the main city of the district Albenganese , which extends from Finale to Andora and all countryside. The Gallinara island is included into this district. Christian cleric and saint Martin of Tours is believed to have once lived on the island, where a monastery now stands in his honor. Since 1064 the island has been a propriety of
4389-412: The order of succession. Through them Agnes would exert much influence in Jerusalem for almost 20 years. Almaric was succeeded by his son by Agnes, Baldwin IV . Almaric's first wife Agnes of Courtenay was now married to Reginald of Sidon ; Maria Comnena , the dowager Queen, had married Balian of Ibelin in 1177. His daughter by Agnes, Sibylla, was already of age, the mother of a son, and was clearly in
4466-443: The palace. Contemporary author and historian William of Tyre wrote of Fulk "he never attempted to take the initiative, even in trivial matters, without (Melisende's) consent". The result was that Melisende held direct and unquestioned control over the government from 1136 onwards. Sometime before 1136 Fulk reconciled with his wife, and a second son, Amalric , was born. In 1143, while the king and queen were on holiday in Acre , Fulk
4543-430: The sound /ɛː/ , as in çit(t)æ 'city' /siˈtɛː/ . The c-cedilla ⟨ç⟩ , used for the sound /s/ , generally only occurs before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ , as in riçetta 'recipe' /riˈsɛtta/ . The letter ⟨ñ⟩ , also written as ⟨nn-⟩ (or more rarely ⟨n-n⟩ , ⟨n-⟩ , ⟨nh⟩ , or simply ⟨nn⟩ ), represents
4620-400: The status of official language (that is French). Monaco is the only place where a variety of Ligurian is taught in school. The Mentonasc dialect , spoken in the East of the County of Nice , is considered to be a transitional Occitan dialect to Ligurian; conversely, Roiasc and Pignasc spoken further North in the Eastern margin of the County are Ligurian dialects with Occitan influences. As
4697-417: The suzerainty of Jerusalem over them, as Baldwin II had done; but as Fulk was far less powerful than his deceased father-in-law, the northern states rejected his authority. In Jerusalem as well, Fulk was resented by the second generation of Jerusalem Christians who had grown up there since the First Crusade. These "natives" focused on Melisende's cousin, the popular Hugh II of Le Puiset , count of Jaffa , who
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#17327880021814774-425: The transformation from Romanesque to Gothic. From this same period are the two lateral portals of the main facade and a third one the left side of the church, that hosts a restored Lombard bas-relief; the central portal dates from 1669. The current design is the result of further elevations. The restoration works between 1964 and 1967 brought back the cathedral design to its original medieval aspect. The nearby steeple
4851-443: The velar nasal /ŋ/ before or after vowels, such as in canpaña 'bell' /kɑŋˈpɑŋŋɑ/ , or the feminine indefinite pronoun uña /ˈyŋŋɑ/ . There are five diacritics, whose precise usage varies between orthographies. They are: The multigraphs are: Tutte e personn-e nascian libere e pæge in dignitæ e driti. Son dotæ de raxon e coscensa e gh'an da agî l'unn-a verso l'atra inte 'n spirito de fradelansa. Ògni personn-a
4928-629: The years before receiving its present appearance. It housed the Council Hall (the big bell still calls the citizens when the council committee meets in the new town hall) and the jail. The lower floor dates from the 14th century, while the upper one was reconstructed in 1387–1391. The façade towards the baptistery has Ghibelline-style merlons with two large staircases. Since 1933, it houses the Ingauni Museum. The latter, established in 1933 by Nino Lamboglia , collects objects and medieval Roman (sculptures, inscriptions, sarcophagi and 15th-century frescoes), archaeological and epigraphic collections. Located near
5005-409: Was also responsible for leading the kingdom into battle, although this duty could be passed to a constable. While several contemporary European states were moving towards centralized monarchies, the king of Jerusalem was continually losing power to the strongest of his barons. This was partially due to the young age of many of the kings, and the frequency of regents from the ranks of the nobles. After
5082-454: Was attached to the church in the 13th century, built over the ruins of the old bell tower between the years 1391 and 1395. This construction is one of the last local examples of the use of bare bricks, progressively replaced by plastering. The baptistery is located to the side of the cathedral, as it was typical of the early Christian structures, and can be visited from the Loggia of the old City Hall Palace. It has an octagonal interior dating to
5159-412: Was conquered by the Romans , the name became Albingaunum ; after the Roman Empire the name became Albinauno and near the 1000 became Albingano . Only in the 14th century the name has become Albenga . Albenga was founded around the 4th century BC on the slopes of the coastal hill. Albenga used to be the capital of the Ingauni , a Ligurian tribe. The Ingauners were sailors and traders, and they owned
5236-442: Was devotedly loyal to the Queen. Fulk saw Hugh as a rival, and in 1134, in order to expose Hugh, accused him of infidelity with Melisende. Hugh rebelled in protest and secured himself to Jaffa, allying himself with the Muslims of Ascalon . He was able to defeat the army set against him by Fulk, but this situation could not hold. The Patriarch interceded in the conflict, perhaps at the behest of Melisende. Fulk agreed to peace and Hugh
5313-447: Was exiled from the kingdom for three years, a lenient sentence. However, an assassination attempt was made against Hugh. Fulk, or his supporters, were commonly believed responsible, though direct proof never surfaced. The scandal was all that was needed for the queen's party to take over the government in what amounted to a palace coup. Author and historian Bernard Hamilton wrote that the Fulk's supporters "went in terror of their lives" in
5390-423: Was formed with all municipalities from Andora and Finale Ligure including the country side . In 1863, after the unification of Italy , the province was reduced to a district, and was abolished completely in 1927. In this time Albenga was reduced to an agricultural village, overtaken by other coastal towns in both economic and demographic development. Albenga wasn't a popular holiday destination like other towns in
5467-491: Was granted Roman citizenship in 45 BC under Julius Caesar , starting to enjoy, with the beginning of the Empire, a period of prosperity. A further boost for the city came from the building of the Via Julia Augusta (13 BC), linked with southern France and Spain . In the meantime the intense exploitation of the flat land around the city continued; an inscription records the restoration of the walls, forum, and harbor, by Constantius in A.D. 354. While historical documentation
5544-448: Was killed in a hunting accident. His horse stumbled, fell, and Fulk's skull was crushed by the saddle, "and his brains gushed forth from both ears and nostrils", as William of Tyre describes. He was carried back to Acre, where he lay unconscious for three days before he died. He was buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Though their marriage started in conflict, Melisende mourned for him privately as well as publicly. Fulk
5621-542: Was minimal, and he was ejected by Henry II of Cyprus when he arrived from Cyprus for his coronation as King of Jerusalem. Acre was captured by the Mamluks in 1291, eliminating the crusader presence on the mainland. In 1127 Fulk V, Count of Anjou , received an embassy from King Baldwin II of Jerusalem . Baldwin II had no male heirs but had already designated his daughter Melisende to succeed him. Baldwin II wanted to safeguard his daughter's inheritance by marrying her to
5698-506: Was reconstructed with the support of Emperor Constantius III . His intervention provided stability and a defensive structure, ensuring the city's survival in the centuries that followed. The city was listed among the coastal civitates downsized to villages (vici) by Rothari , king of the Lombards , as documented by Fredegar in the 660s. Albenga established itself as a medieval municipality in 1098; in that same year Albenga joined to
5775-615: Was some opposition among the nobility to Amalric's wife Agnes; they were willing to accept the marriage in 1157 when Baldwin III was still capable of siring an heir, but now the Haute Cour refused to endorse Amalric as king unless his marriage to Agnes was annulled. The hostility to Agnes may have been exaggerated by the chronicler William of Tyre, whom she prevented from becoming Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem decades later, as well as from William's continuators like Ernoul , who hints at
5852-446: Was survived by his son Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou by his first wife, and Baldwin III and Amalric I by Melisende. Baldwin III ascended the throne with his mother as co-ruler, in 1143. His early reign was laced with squabbles with his mother over the possession of Jerusalem, till 1153, when he took personal hold of the government. He died in 1163, without heirs, and the kingdom passed to his brother, Amalric I , although there
5929-575: Was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem , a Crusader state founded in Jerusalem by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade , when the city was conquered in 1099 . Most of them were men, but there were also five queens regnant of Jerusalem , either reigning alone suo jure ("in her own right"), or as co-rulers of husbands who reigned as kings of Jerusalem jure uxoris ("by right of his wife"). Godfrey of Bouillon ,
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