Albert Duane Shaw (December 21, 1841 – February 10, 1901) was an American government official and politician from New York . A Union Army veteran of the American Civil War , he was most notable for his service as Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic and a U.S. Representative from New York's 24th congressional district .
20-466: Albert Shaw may refer to: Albert D. Shaw (1841–1901), U.S. Representative from New York Albert Shaw (footballer) (fl. 1924), English footballer (Grimsby Town) Albert Shaw (journalist) (1857–1947), American journalist and academic See also [ edit ] Al Shaw (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with
40-843: A private in June 1861. He was later promoted to corporal , and he served until being mustered out with the rest of his regiment in June 1863. Shaw took part in the regiment's activities in Virginia and Maryland, including; construction of Fort Tillinghast and Fort Craig (autumn 1861); guard and patrol duty in and around Falls Church, Virginia (winter 1861-1862); guard and patrol duty in and around Falmouth, Virginia (spring 1862); battles at Rappahannock Station , White Sulphur Springs , and Gainesville (summer 1862); Second Battle of Bull Run (August 1862); Chantilly (September 1862); South Mountain (September 1862); Antietam (September 1862); and Fredericksburg (December 1862). In January, 1863,
60-523: A district provost marshal and also included a surgeon and a commissioner. Each board employed clerks, deputies, and special agents as needed. They were divided into sub-districts along ward (in cities) and township (in rural areas) lines. In each sub-district a census was conducted by an enrollment officer to document every man eligible for the draft in the sub-district. The policies of substitution and commutation were controversial practices that allowed drafted citizens to opt out of service by either furnishing
80-442: A suitable substitute to take their place or paying $ 300. Both provisions were created to soften the effect of the draft on pacifists , the anti-draft movement, and the propertied classes. The result, however, was general public resentment of both policies. The two practices were major points of contention among the general public and led directly to the slogan "rich man's war, poor man's fight." Substitutions were available throughout
100-652: The New York National Guard 's 36th Infantry Regiment. He served until resigning in 1868 to accept a US consul's appointment. Shaw returned to St. Lawrence University after the Civil War, but left before completing his degree. In 1866, he was a successful Republican candidate for the New York State Assembly from the 2nd District of Jefferson County , and he served in the 90th New York State Legislature (1867). In 1868, Shaw
120-467: The Enrollment Act, but were appointed personally by Fry to attend to matters in each individual state. New York and Pennsylvania were the only states that had more than one State Acting Assistant Marshal General; New York had three and Pennsylvania had two. Each state was divided along district lines with each district under the jurisdiction of an enrollment board. Enrollment boards were headed by
140-701: The Riggs House hotel after attending a banquet in honor of Leo Rassieur, his successor as GAR commander-in-chief. He was found dead the next morning, and the physician summoned to his room found the cause to be apoplexy (a stroke ). He was interred at Brookside Cemetery in Watertown, New York . In 1872, Shaw married Mary Sherwood Keith of Chicago . They were the parents of three children - Henry L. Keith Shaw, Mabel Keith Shaw, and Minnie Scott Shaw. [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of
160-823: The United States Congress Enrollment Act#Substitution The Enrollment Act of 1863 (12 Stat. 731 , enacted March 3, 1863) also known as the Civil War Military Draft Act , was an Act passed by the United States Congress during the American Civil War to provide fresh manpower for the Union Army . The Act was the first genuine national conscription law . The law required
180-691: The act sparked civil unrest as the war dragged on, leading to the New York City draft riots on July 13–16, 1863. The Provost Marshal General was recreated to administer the national implementation of the Enrollment Act. James Barnet Fry was appointed to the position and answered directly to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton . Beneath Fry were the State Acting Assistant Provost Marshal Generals. The State Provost Marshal Generals were not authorized by
200-404: The call. In addition, the provost marshal kept records on paid substitutes and men who had been paid bounties to enlist, and arrested them if they failed to leave for the front lines. The provost marshal's staff also tracked down deserters from the front lines and returned them to their units or imprisoned them. After the war, Shaw was commissioned as a colonel and assigned as commander of
220-465: The draft, roughly the equivalent of $ 5,000 earned by an unskilled worker in 2018 ) was created in an effort to keep substitution prices low. If commutation were not instated, the price of a substitute would have quickly soared past $ 300. Also, commutation was intended to raise money for the war effort. While commutation raised war funds, it was often a criticism of the draft that it was better at raising money than troops. The rationalization for commutation
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#1732793814184240-662: The enrollment of every male citizen and those immigrants (aliens) who had filed for citizenship, between 20 and 45 years of age, unless exempted by the Act. The Act replaced the Militia Act of 1862 . It set up under the Union Army an elaborate machine for enrolling and drafting men for conscription. Quotas were assigned in each state, and each congressional district, with deficiencies in volunteers being met by conscription. In several cities, including New York City , enforcement of
260-743: The regiment was assigned to the provost guard brigade in Falmouth, and also performed guard and patrol duty along the Aquia Creek railroad. In May, the regiment left Maryland for New York so it could be mustered out. After his discharge, Shaw was appointed a special agent of the Army provost marshal's office in Watertown, and served until the close of the war. The provost marshal's duties included keeping track of men eligible for military service , and compelling them to report if they refused to answer
280-461: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Shaw&oldid=767878926 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Albert D. Shaw Shaw
300-568: The war. The problem with substitution was that it provided substitutes with powerful incentives to desert soon after enlisting. Career "jumpers" made a living by enlisting as substitutes, collecting their compensation, deserting before their units were dispatched to the front, and repeating the process. The problem was well known to the military commanders who regularly saw the same recruits. In addition, troops furnished by substitution were considered to be of an inferior quality in comparison to regulars and volunteers. Commutation (paying $ 300 to escape
320-519: Was a sought after speaker for holidays, the dedications of Civil War memorials, and Republican political campaigns. He was also active in Watertown's civic life, including service as president of its Young Men's Christian Association ( YMCA ) and chamber of commerce . Shaw was long active in the Grand Army of the Republic , and was elected department commander for New York in 1897. In 1899 he
340-564: Was appointed as United States consul in Toronto , Canada . He served until 1878, and Hamilton Fish , Secretary of State , commended Shaw's written reports as the best in the consular service. In 1878, Shaw was appointed as consul in Manchester, England , and he served until 1885, when the newly-elected administration of Grover Cleveland replaced him with a Democratic appointee. After leaving Manchester, Shaw resided in Watertown, and
360-663: Was born in Lyme, New York , on December 21, 1841, a son of Henry Shaw and Sally Ann (Gardner) Shaw. Shaw was raised on his family's farm in Lyme, and attended the local schools. He was a student at Union Academy in Belleville and St. Lawrence University in Canton before leaving school to join the military. Shaw enlisted in the Union Army for the American Civil War , joining Company A, 35th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment as
380-641: Was elected commander-in-chief of the GAR's national organization, and he served until 1900. In 1900, Shaw was elected as a Republican to fill the vacancy in the 56th Congress that was caused by the death of Charles A. Chickering . He was reelected to the 57th Congress , but died before the term began on March 4, 1901. Shaw's brief Congressional service spanned from November 6, 1900 until his death. Shaw died in Washington, D.C. , on February 10, 1901. News accounts indicated that he returned to his room at
400-489: Was that unwilling troops were ineffective and so the government might as well extract funds from the unwilling rather than get poor service. It was one of the most hated policies of the war. Section 5 of the Enrollment Act of 1864 limited the length of an exemption from the draft by payment of the commutation fee to one year, after which those drafted were required to serve or to furnish a substitute. Section 21 of
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