The gens Albia was a minor plebeian family at Rome . They were of senatorial rank during the latter part of the Republic , but the only of this gens who obtained the consulship was Lucius Albius Pullaienus Pollio, in AD 90. Other Albii are known from various parts of Italy.
31-523: Albia may refer to: Albia gens , an ancient Roman family Albia Terentia , mother of Roman emperor Otho Albia Dominica , wife of Roman emperor Valens Albia, a medieval name for the river Elbe Albia, Iowa , a city in the United States Albia, the setting of the Creatures artificial life series of programs Albia (mite) ,
62-619: A decree of the Roman Senate dating to 129 BC, bore no surname; under the Republic many plebeian families had no hereditary cognomina. The surname Oppianicus , known from the family of Larinum, indicates that this family may previously have lived at Rome, presumably acquiring the cognomen from some association with the Oppian Hill; but their use of the praenomen Statius suggests that they were natives of Samnium. Pollio , borne by
93-468: A genus in the mite family Aturidae. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Albia . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albia&oldid=1146602193 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
124-505: A separate gentilicium of Oscan or Umbrian origin; Chase notes that Umbrian nomina frequently end in -as. Osci The Osci (also called Oscans , Opici , Opsci , Obsci , Opicans ) were an Italic people of Campania and Latium adiectum before and during Roman times. They spoke the Oscan language , also spoken by the Samnites of Southern Italy . Although the language of
155-788: A wider conspiracy with the Latin League . They appointed Lucius Furius Camillus dictator, halted business, drafted an army on the spot and sent it into the field against the Aurunci, but "the war was finished in the very first battle". The Romans used the army to complete the conquest of the Volsci at Sora . The Samnites in 343 BC "made an unprovoked attack upon the Sidicini", who appealed to Campania for military assistance and received it. After losing two battles and being penned within Capua ,
186-423: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Albia gens The nomen Albius is derived from the common Latin surname Albus , meaning "white". Chase classifies it among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else. The Albii Oppianici mentioned by Cicero in his oration, Pro Cluentio , bore
217-590: Is the Roman name for Ausones by a commonplace change of an s to an r in Latin: *Ausuni> *Auruni> *Aurunici> Aurunci. They were perhaps the same people in the early Roman Republic . In the 4th century BC, the names came to be applied to distinct tribes. A people called the Aurunci by Livy appear the earliest in history. In 503 BC, the Latin colonies of Cora and Pometia rebelled against Roman authority, obtaining
248-751: The Campanians offered themselves to Rome with tears and prostrations in the Senate House. The Senate accepted the offer and granted assistance on the grounds that Campania would be an ally in the rear of the Aequi and Volsci in case of further conflict with them. When Roman envoys presented the Samnite Senate with demands for withdrawal from Campania, the answer was no; moreover, the envoys were allowed to hear staged orders of Samnite commanders to their troops to march on Campania immediately. So began
279-613: The Oppian Hill at Rome. The few Albii known from historical sources mostly bear common praenomina, such as Publius , Lucius , or Gaius . The use of Statius by an apparently Roman or Romanized family of the Albii was unusual; but although the name was generally associated with the servile classes at Rome, its use among the general populace in Samnium would probably have been understood. The senator Publius Albius, known from
310-643: The Volsci , a tribe occupying the Volsci Mountains overlooking and including the Pontine Marshes . During the final revolt of the Volsci, the Romans had sacked and levelled Satricum about 346 BC and had sold the remaining 4,000 fighting men into slavery. For whatever reasons, the Aurunci chose this moment to send a marauding expedition against the Romans. Panic ensued in the city. The senators saw
341-562: The First Samnite War (343–341 BC). The Roman Senate declared war, the people ratified the declaration, and two consular armies were sent into Samnium and Campania respectively. For two years the Romans knew only victories until at last the Samnites sued for the restoration of their former alliance with one condition: they would be free to war on the Sidicini if they wished. The Romans had an agreement with Campania, but none with
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#1732780167364372-536: The Latin camp, received separate treaties from Rome. In 337, the Sidicini attacked the Aurunci for no reason given by Livy. The Roman Senate decided that the terms of the latter's treaty warranted military intervention, but meanwhile the Aurunci abandoned their towns in Campania in favour of a mountain stronghold, Suessa , which they renamed Aurunca. Further events escalated the conflict: the Ausones of Cales joined
403-671: The Opici were Ausones and placed them in Campania . Strabo , however, the chief source for the fragments of Antiochus, himself distinguished between the Osci and the Ausones, remarking that the Osci had disappeared, but the Romans still used their dialect as a literary language, and that the "high sea" near Sicily was still named Ausonian even though the Ausonians never lived near it. Aurunci
434-600: The Romans and Samnites. Their sovereignty was finally lost during the Second Samnite War when, prior to invading Samnium, the Romans found it necessary to secure the border tribes. After the war, the Oscans assimilated quickly to Roman culture. Their cultural legacy survived only in place names and literary references. According to Aristotle , the Opici lived in "the part of Italy towards Tyrrhenia " and were also called Ausones . Antiochus of Syracuse agreed that
465-642: The Romans defeated the Latin League , taking away the sovereignty of its tribal states, who subsequently assimilated to Rome. The consul, Lucius Furius Camillus, asked the Senate: "Do you wish to adopt ruthless measures against a people that have surrendered and been defeated? ... Or do you wish to follow the example of your ancestors and make Rome greater by conferring her citizenship on those whom she has defeated?" The Senate chose to offer different terms to different Latin cities. Colonists were placed throughout Latium. The Aurunci and Sidicini, who had been perforce in
496-536: The Samnites was called Oscan , the Samnites were never referred to as Osci, nor were the Osci called Samnites. Traditions of the Opici fall into the legendary period of Italian history , roughly from the beginning of the first millennium BC until the foundation of the Roman Republic . No consensus can be reached concerning their location and language. By the end of this period, the Oscan language had evolved and
527-462: The Sidicini, the Aurunci and the Ausones . The Sidicini's capital city was Teanum , which minted its own coins bearing inscriptions in the Oscan language . The town of Cales was the capital of the Ausones . The beginning of the end of Oscan sovereignty was their attempted exploitation of an opportunity to maraud against the Romans in the period of instability following a major victory against
558-451: The Sidicini. In 335, the Romans sent a consular army under Marcus Valerius Corvus to lay siege to Cales. Informed by an escaped prisoner (who broke his chains and climbed the wall in plain sight without being observed) that the enemy were all drunk and sleeping, Corvus took the city in a night-time rout and garrisoned it. The Senate voted to send 2,500 colonists, to whom enemy land was distributed. The Ausoni were never again sovereign. After
589-591: The Sidicini. The Senate bought peace by ratifying the treaty and paying off their army. The Samnites used their army to attack the Sidicini again. In desperation, the latter offered themselves to Rome but were turned down on the grounds that they were too late. The Sidicini allied with a force being raised by the Latin league against the Samnites. They were joined by the Campanians. A multi-national army began to devastate Samnium. The Samnites now appealed to Rome under
620-411: The assistance of the Aurunci, seat unknown. Two consular armies sent against them won after a hard-fought battle in which "many more were killed than were taken prisoners; the prisoners were everywhere butchered, even the hostages ... fell a victim to the enemy's bloodthirsty rage". The enemy fell back on Pometia, which was besieged by the Romans. The Aurunci sallied out, burned the siege towers, massacred
651-412: The city prospers. Smith accords with the general conclusion that between 335 and 326, most likely in 334, the Sidicini consented to lay down their arms and become part of the greater Roman municipality. Livy's omission remains unexplained. The Aurunci similarly disappeared from tradition after they became subject to Rome. After the Samnites were pacified, the region kept the peace and was prosperous. It
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#1732780167364682-459: The consul of AD 90, was a common surname of Latin origin, and originally indicated a polisher. The nomen Carrinas was long supposed to be a surname of the Albia gens, due to its unusual form. This connection was proposed by Sigebert Havercamp , in his Thesaurus Morelliantes . However, Carrinas does not appear together with Albius in any known inscriptions. It would therefore seem to be
713-524: The fall of Cales, both consular armies were sent against the Sidicini , who fortified themselves in Teanum with a large army. Livy does not reveal the outcome of this campaign. The Romans were struck by a plague (the most typical plague in the region was malaria , carried by the marsh mosquitos); both consuls were relieved for suspicion of impiety, but the Roman army remained among the Sidicini. Livy changes
744-411: The march for Rome, they sent envoys ahead to demand the withdrawal of the Romans from Volscian territory. The consul Publius Servilus Priscus Structus met them on the march at Arricia and "in one battle finished the war". No more is heard of the Oscans for almost a century. In the last half of the 4th century BC, the remaining Oscan populations (who were not Samnites ) lived in three sovereign states:
775-535: The statue; a Latin envoy, Lucius Annaeus, slipped on the stairs while railing against Jupiter and hit his head, becoming unconscious. At that moment, a thunderstorm burst on the Senate House. Interpreting these events as a sign the Romans declared war on the Latins and their allies and allied themselves with the Samnites. The two years of conflict, 340–338, is known as the Latin War . In a number of legendary battles,
806-472: The terms of the treaty. As the price for submitting to Rome, the Latins demanded a new common government, with one consul and half the Senate to be elected from the Latins. When Titus Manlius Torquatus , one of the consuls for 340 BC, heard these conditions, he swore by Jupiter's statue that if the Senate accepted them he would kill every Latin in the Senate House with drawn sword. Emotional posturing began around
837-527: The terms of their treaty, asking if in fact, Rome was sovereign over Campania. The Romans disavowed any agreement that would restrain the Campanians and Latins from making war on whomever else they pleased. Encouraged by Roman refusal to assume leadership, the Latins made plans to turn their army against Rome once the Samnite threat had been neutralized. Word of the plans leaked to the Romans, who reacted by inviting ten Latin chiefs to Rome to receive orders under
868-485: The topic to relations with the Samnites in preparation for his account of the Second Samnite War (326–304 BC). The Sidicini do not appear in that war or ever again in history, but Teanum goes on as Teanum Sidicinum and its territory as Sidicinus ager. If the Romans had fought a great battle and had obliterated the Sidicini there would be some mention of it or some evidence of a discontinuity at Teano. Instead,
899-469: The troops and grievously wounded one of the consuls. The Romans withdrew but returned later in greater force. Taking the town, they beheaded the Aurunci officers, sold the Pometians into slavery, levelled the buildings and put the land up for sale. The Aurunci appear one more time in the early republic in a failed attempt to support the Volsci in their struggle against Rome. In 495 BC, putting an army on
930-544: The unusual praenomen Statius , which was scarce at Rome except among slaves or freedmen. It was an Oscan name that seems to have been fairly common in central and southern Italy. This may indicate that at least part of the family was of Sabine or Samnite origin, and indeed the Albii Oppianici were residents of Larinum in Samnium , although the surname Oppianicus implies that they had some connection with
961-473: Was spoken by a number of sovereign tribal states. By far the most important of these in terms of military prowess and wealth was the Samnites , who rivalled Rome for about 50 years in the second half of the 4th century BC, sometimes being allies, and sometimes at war with the city, until they were finally subdued with considerable difficulty and were incorporated into the Roman state. The Osci kept their independence by playing one state against another, especially