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47-513: The Albuquerque Biological Park is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). A moated island located at the beginning of the zoo that holds the zoo's flock of Caribbean flamingos . The island is lush with bamboo vegetation. The reptile house was remodeled in 2012. With the renovations the building houses mostly reptiles. The exhibit houses many species of snakes, tortoises and lizards. There are two large areas where

94-550: A type locality in the Falkland Islands . The species calls in a variety of ways, but the most frequently heard is a loud trumpeting, which the bird emits with its head thrown back. The application of "gentoo" to the penguin is unclear. Gentoo was an Anglo-Indian term to distinguish Hindus from Muslims. The English term may have originated from the Portuguese gentio ("pagan, gentile "). Some speculate that

141-693: A conference in September, one of the largest zoo and aquarium professionals' events in the US. AZA also manages the citizen science program FrogWatch USA . In the United States, any public animal exhibit must be licensed and inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture , United States Environmental Protection Agency , Drug Enforcement Administration , Occupational Safety and Health Administration , and others. Depending on

188-517: A developing gentoo embryo. As the embryo grows and requires more oxygen, consumption increases exponentially until the gentoo chick hatches. By then, the chick is consuming around 1800 ml O 2 per day. In the sea, leopard seals , sea lions and killer whales are all predators of the gentoo. On land, no predators of full-grown, healthy gentoo penguins exist. Skuas and giant petrels regularly kill many chicks and steal eggs; petrels kill injured and sick adult gentoos. Various other seabirds, such as

235-400: A highly saline-concentrated solution that drips out of the body from the tip of the beak. Gentoo penguins do not store as much fat as Adélie penguins, their closest relative; gentoos require less energy investment when hunting because the net gain of energy after hunting is greater in gentoos than Adélies. As embryos, gentoos require a lot of energy to develop. Oxygen consumption is high for

282-489: A large interactive educational area and an outdoor deck overlooking the Zoo's main park. The outdoor deck also includes restrooms and a snack bar as well. The exhibit begins with a themed main viewing deck will with a panoramic view for visitors. The main pool depths varying from 5 to 12 feet (1.5 to 3.7 m) allow for plenty of space for penguin activity including special public feedings with keepers, swimming and enrichment. There

329-468: A minimum weight of about 4.9 kg (11 lb) just before mating. For females, the maximum weight is 8.2 kg (18 lb) just before moulting, but their weight drops to as little as 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) when guarding the chicks in the nest. Birds from the north are on average 700 g (1.5 lb) heavier and 10 cm (3.9 in) longer than the southern birds. Southern gentoo penguins reach 75–80 cm (30–31 in) in length. They are

376-576: A naturalist who had circumnavigated the world with Captain James Cook , mistakenly assumed that the species occurred in Papua ( New Guinea ), the closest gentoos being over 6000 km to the south (on Macquarie Island ). No penguins are found in New Guinea. Others trace the error to a "possibly fraudulent claim" in 1776 by French naturalist Pierre Sonnerat , who also alleged a Papuan location for

423-416: A new home for the zoo's saltwater crocodile . Six acres of land holding 17 separate exhibits and 23 species of mammals and birds.. This trail houses the zoo's apes, including siamangs , and western lowland gorillas . Five species of birds from North and South America are mixed in this aviary: burrowing owls , Gambel's quails , greater roadrunners , hyacinth macaws and sun conures . In July 2019,

470-404: A token collection and, under the direction of a professional staff, provides its collection with appropriate care and exhibits them in an aesthetic manner to the public on a regularly scheduled basis. They shall further be defined as having as their primary business the exhibition, conservation and preservation of the earth's fauna in an educational and scientific manner." To achieve accreditation,

517-408: A zoo must pass an application and inspection process and meet or exceed AZA's standards for animal health and welfare, fundraising, zoo staffing, and involvement in global conservation efforts. Inspection is performed by three experts (typically one veterinarian, one expert in animal care, and one expert in zoo management and operations) and then reviewed by a panel of twelve experts before accreditation

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564-419: Is a glass floor area that allows guests to see penguins swimming beneath their feet as you travel through the exhibit. The exhibit includes natural day/night and seasonal lighting cycles to help regulate the penguins' hormonal balancing and breeding. The Zoo had early hopes for baby penguins with two macaroni penguin eggs being discovered in 2020, however both eggs were discovered to be infertile. Opened in 2020,

611-710: Is awarded. This accreditation process is repeated once every five years. AZA estimates that there are approximately 2,800 animal exhibits operating under USDA license as of 2019; fewer than 10% are accredited. Certification is possible for facilities that hold animals, but are not regularly open to the public. AZA's Saving Animals From Extinction (SAFE) program prioritizes collaboration between zoos and aquariums to support highly vulnerable species. SAFE builds on existing recovery plans to implement strategic conservation and public engagement activities. In 2017, AZA member zoos and aquariums invested $ 15.6 million towards SAFE program species. The SAFE program signature species include

658-410: Is high in salt, as they eat organisms with relatively the same salinity as seawater, which can lead to complications associated with high sodium concentrations in the body, especially for gentoo chicks. To counteract this, gentoos, as well as many other marine bird species, have a highly developed salt gland located above their eyes that takes the high concentration of sodium within the body and produces

705-460: The African lion , African species of vultures , Asian elephant , Atlantic Acropora coral, black-footed ferret , black rhinoceros , cheetah , eastern indigo snake , giraffe , gorilla , sea turtles , orangutan , radiated tortoise , red wolf , sharks , and sting rays , vaquita , western pond turtle , and whooping crane . There were more than 20 species or taxonomic groups included in

752-482: The Antarctic Peninsula . The total breeding population is estimated to be over 600,000 birds. Gentoos breed monogamously and infidelity is typically punished with banishment from the colony. Nests are usually made from a roughly circular pile of stones and can be quite large, 20 cm (7.9 in) high and 25 cm (9.8 in) in diameter. The stones are jealously guarded, and their ownership can be

799-478: The kelp gull and snowy sheathbill , also snatch chicks and eggs. Skuas on King George Island have been observed attacking and injuring adult gentoo penguins in apparent territorial disputes. The population of Pygoscelis papua in the maritime Antarctic is rapidly increasing. Due to regional climate changes, they colonise previously inaccessible territories southwards.As of 2019 , the IUCN Red List lists

846-455: The king penguin despite never having been to the island himself. The gentoo penguin is one of three species in the genus Pygoscelis . Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the genus split from other penguins around 38 million years ago (Mya), about 2 million years after the ancestors of the genus Aptenodytes . In turn, the Adélie penguins split off from the other members of

893-464: The AZA community's research. To be a member, a facility must either be accredited or certified. Accredited facilities maintain a professional staff and appropriate animal care, and are open to the public on a predictable basis. The following list is from 2013. Pier 39 Pier 3, Inner Harbor Pier 59 Certified facilities maintain a professional staff and appropriate animal care, but are not open to

940-573: The American Institute of Park Executives. In 1966, the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums became a professional branch affiliate of the newly formed National Recreation and Park Association , which absorbed the American Institute of Park Executives. In the fall of 1971, the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums membership voted to become an independent association. On January 19, 1972, it

987-507: The Endangered Species Act. In 2017, member institutions reported participating in field conservation projects benefiting over 860 species in 128 countries. AZA zoos and aquariums spent $ 25 million on research and published 170 books, book chapters, journal articles, conference proceeding papers, posters and theses or dissertations. Animal care, health and welfare, followed by species and habitat conservation, describe 68% of

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1034-620: The US and eleven other countries: Canada , Mexico , Bermuda , The Bahamas , the Dominican Republic , Colombia , Argentina , Spain , Hong Kong , Singapore , and South Korea . Approximately 800,000 animals representing 6,000 species are in the care of AZA-accredited facilities, including 1,000 threatened or endangered species. The association also facilitates both species survival plans and population management plans, which serve to sustainably manage genetically diverse captive populations of various animal species. AZA holds

1081-612: The United States. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums reported 195 million visitors to its 236 accredited member facilities in 2017. The organization is active in institution accreditation , animal care initiatives, education and conservation programs, collaborative research and advocacy. AZA serves as an accrediting body for zoos and aquariums and ensures accredited facilities meet higher standards of animal care than required by law. Institutions are evaluated every five years in order to ensure standards are met and to maintain accreditation. As of 2019 AZA had 238 accredited facilities in

1128-640: The Zoo, are now on exhibit in the reptile building. The zoo has been breeding the species since 2017. The Texas horned lizard has disappeared from about half of its historic range due to habitat loss, human eradication of the ant populations that these lizards eat and displacement of native ant populations by invasive fire ants . To date, the zoo has successfully released about 70 young into the wild in Socorro County , New Mexico . Several large aviaries house Andean condors , golden eagles , great horned owls and Steller's sea eagles . This exhibit holds

1175-472: The advancement of zoos and public aquariums in the areas of conservation , education, science, and recreation. AZA is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland , and accredits zoos. There were 238 accredited facilities as of 2019, primarily in the US, and also a handful in eleven other countries. In October 1924 the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums was formed as an affiliate of

1222-788: The animals they exhibit, the activities of zoos are regulated by laws including the Endangered Species Act , the Animal Welfare Act , the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 and others. Additionally, zoos in North America may choose to pursue accreditation by AZA. The American association has developed a definition for zoological gardens and aquariums as part of its accreditation standards: "A permanent cultural institution which owns and maintains captive wild animals that represent more than

1269-649: The bears lounge, feed, and slide down the waterfall. Grottos in this exhibit hold the zoo's big cats among other animals. Due to a renovation modernization of the Catwalk, African lion siblings, Kenya and Dixie, were permanently transferred to the Abilene Zoo in March 2023. With the renovation of the Reptile House in 2012, the zoo opened up Amphibians: Life on a Limb, replacing the original Gator Swamp, where

1316-448: The colony and forming crèches . The chicks moult into subadult plumage and go out to sea at around 80 to 100 days. Gentoos mainly live on fish , crustaceans such as krill and shrimp , and cephalopods . In February and March, crustaceans make up about 10% of the diet, but from March to June, it is about 75%. From June to October, grey rockcod (Lepidonotothen squamifrons) make up 90% of their diet. Cephalopods make up only 10% of

1363-491: The diet throughout the year. Gentoos are opportunistic feeders , and around the Falklands are known to take roughly equal proportions of fish ( Patagonotothen sp., Thysanopsetta naresi , Micromesistius australis ), squat lobsters ( Munida gregaria ) and squid ( Loligo gahi , Gonatus antarcticus , Moroteuthis ingens ). Other prey include Channichthys rhinoceratus and octopuses . The gentoos' diet

1410-494: The fastest underwater swimmers of all penguins, reaching speeds up to 36 km/h (22 mph). Gentoos are well adapted to extremely cold and harsh climates. The breeding colonies of gentoo penguins are located on ice-free surfaces. Settlements can be located directly on the shoreline or considerably inland. They prefer shallow coastal areas and often nest between tufts of grass. In South Georgia, for example, breeding colonies are 2 km inland. In colonies farther inland, where

1457-463: The gentoo as least concerned with a stable population trend, although rapid declines in some key areas are believed to be driving a moderate overall decline in the species population. Examples include Bird Island, South Georgia , where the population has fallen by two-thirds over 25 years. Many threats to this species, including pollution, hunting, fishing and human recreational activities continue to affect them. The Linux distribution Gentoo Linux

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1504-432: The gentoo penguin waddles along on land, its tail sticks out behind, sweeping from side to side, hence the scientific name Pygoscelis , which means "rump-tailed". Gentoo penguins can reach a length of 70 to 90 cm (28 to 35 in), making them the third-largest species of penguin after the emperor penguin and the king penguin . Males have a maximum weight around 8.5 kg (19 lb) just before moulting and

1551-583: The genus around 19 Mya and the chinstrap and gentoo finally diverged around 14 Mya. There are 4 subspecies recognized by the International Ornithological Congress : Although the population on the Kerguelen Islands is tentatively included in taeniata , it may also be a distinct subspecies. Before 2021, only two subspecies of the gentoo penguin have been recognised: P. p. papua (subantarctic gentoo) and

1598-496: The highly anticipated penguin chill exhibit opened. The multi-million dollar exhibit was funded through a city tax bond. The exhibit features gentoo penguins , macaroni penguins , and king penguins , and is the first of its kind in the Southwest. The 14,550 sq ft (1,352 m) building includes a 75,589 US gal (286,140 L; 62,941 imp gal) main tank, above-ground and underwater guest viewing areas,

1645-475: The penguins nest in grassy areas, they shift location slightly yearly because the grass becomes trampled over time. Gentoos breed on many subantarctic islands . The main colonies are on the Falkland Islands , South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and Kerguelen Islands ; smaller colonies are found on: Macquarie Island , Heard Islands , Crozet Islands , South Shetland Islands and

1692-467: The program as of 2019. The association has a computerized database called the Annual Report on Conservation and Science . This helps track AZA research projects worldwide. AZA member zoos and aquariums contribute $ 220 million to conservation projects each year. They participate in 115 reintroduction programs, including more than 40 programs for species listed as threatened or endangered under

1739-532: The public on a predictable basis. Gentoo penguin The gentoo penguin ( / ˈ dʒ ɛ n t uː / JEN -too ) ( Pygoscelis papua ) is a penguin species (or possibly a species complex ) in the genus Pygoscelis , most closely related to the Adélie penguin ( P. adeliae ) and the chinstrap penguin ( P. antarcticus ). The earliest scientific description was made in 1781 by Johann Reinhold Forster with

1786-441: The results of this study in 2021, but relegated the newly recognized or newly described species to being subspecies of P. papua . The gentoo penguin is easily recognised by the wide, white stripe extending like a bonnet across the top of its head and its bright orange-red bill. It has pale whitish-pink, webbed feet and a fairly long tail – the most prominent tail of all penguin species. Chicks have grey backs with white fronts. As

1833-472: The smaller P. p. ellsworthi (Antarctic gentoo). However, a 2020 study suggested that the gentoo penguin be split into a species complex of four morphologically similar but separate species: the northern gentoo penguin ( P. papua sensu stricto ), the southern gentoo penguin ( P. ellsworthi ), the eastern gentoo penguin ( P. taeniata ) and the newly described South Georgia gentoo penguin ( P. poncetii ). The International Ornithological Congress incorporated

1880-449: The subject of noisy disputes and physical attacks between individuals. They are also prized by the females, even to the point that a male penguin can obtain the favours of a female by offering her a choice stone. Two eggs are laid, both weighing around 130 g (4.6 oz). The parents share incubation, changing duty daily. The eggs hatch after 34 to 36 days. The chicks remain in the nests for around 30 days before joining other chicks in

1927-529: The white patch on the bird's head was thought to resemble a turban . It may also be a variation of another name for this bird, "Johnny penguin", with Johnny being the Spanish counterpart of Juanito and sounding vaguely like gentoo. The Johnny rook , a predator, is likely named after the Johnny penguin. The specific name papua is a misnomer ; in the original description, Johann Reinhold Forster ,

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1974-645: The zoo opened the Birds of the Islands exhibit on the location of the former parrot habitat. This exhibit is part of the Zoo's Americas Trail. Adjacent to the aviaries is an exhibit for Aldabra giant tortoises . Association of Zoos and Aquariums The Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( AZA ), originally the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums , is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 1924 and dedicated to

2021-438: The zoo used to hold its juvenile alligators. The building houses several species of frogs as well as other amphibians. The zoo also houses the only captive population of locust coquis , critically endangered frogs from Puerto Rico . This exhibit was originally home to just several elephant yards and two barns for the zoo's Asian elephant herd of two males and four females. The area was expanded in 2023, adding flex exhibits for

2068-559: The zoo's Komodo dragons are held. In a building located near the Reptile House the zoo's temporary home for a large adult saltwater crocodile and for slender-snouted crocodiles . On the outside of the Reptile House is the new Gator Swamp Exhibit, which is a large outdoor heated pool housing several adult American alligators . The reptile house received more renovations in 2017 to improve digital interpretive signage and interactive displays. Five Texas horned lizards , born in August 2019 at

2115-477: The zoo's orangutans, siamangs, tigers and snow leopards. In September 2018, the zoo started making major progress in an expansion of the area with several different plans being put in motion. The zoo closed its seal pool, and the area will be repurposed in the expansion. New animals to be included in the expansion are dingos , little penguins , wallabies, and the return of koalas to the zoo. The Zoo will have and updated exhibits for most of its current animals and be

2162-408: The zoo's pack of Mexican wolves , the most endangered species of wolf in the United States. In June 2020, Mexican gray wolves Kawi and Ryder welcomed seven pups, this is the pair's second litter. The litter consists of five boys and two girls. This large exhibit offers many views of the zoo's polar bears . One can see them through underwater viewing windows or walk to the top of the exhibit and watch

2209-625: Was chartered as the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums with its executive office located in Wheeling, West Virginia , within the Oglebay Park Good Zoo . In 1994, the shorter name American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) was adopted. In early 2018, AZA acquired the Wildlife Trafficking Alliance to help grow public awareness about the purchase and sale of illegal wildlife products in

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