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Albury Library Museum

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91-459: Albury Library Museum is a combined library and museum in Albury , New South Wales, Australia. Designed by Ashton Raggatt McDougall it was opened in 2007. In the first year of its operation the building had 226,000 visitors, of which 80,000 entered the exhibition space. The library has 50,000 books, magazines and electronic media items, and received 80,000 visitors in the first year of its operation,

182-552: A 50% increase compared to the previous year. The building received the Australian Institute of Architects 's National Award for Public Architecture. The library museum renders an architectural texture to the cityscape of Albury. Less than eight years old, the builders of the building in a dazzling orange and grey finish with a criss-cross architecture, is said to have been motivated by the historic Murray River rail bridge. The library impresses with facilities that meet

273-666: A Mr. Preston near Cambridge, but his father was not wealthy, and had difficulty finding the money to send him to Cambridge University , or to establish him in a profession. An aunt appealed to the Prince Regent and, on 9 September 1813, Sturt was gazetted as an ensign with the 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot in the British Army . Sturt saw action with the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War and against

364-469: A boat to explore north-western New South Wales and to advance into central Australia. They travelled along the Murray and Darling rivers before being guided past the future site of Broken Hill by a local Indigenous teenager named Topar . They were stranded for months by the extreme summer conditions near the present site of Milparinka . When the rains eventually came, Sturt moved north and established

455-742: A born loser. He remained throughout his life an English Tory gentleman with an unshakeable faith in God and Jesus the true kings. Sturt is buried in Cheltenham Cemetery, Gloucestershire. Sturt is commemorated by: The Charles Sturt Museum is based in Sturt's former home "The Grange", in the Adelaide suburb of Grange . The museum illustrates his story with "not only ... displays of relics, but interpretive and multimedia displays". The Australian-born American actor Rod Taylor , whose middle name

546-629: A certain amount of population movement resulted. However, the current urban population is approximately 92,200. According to the 2021 census of Population, there were 53,677 people in the Albury part of the Albury – Wodonga Urban Centre. Albury is situated above the river flats of the Murray River, in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range . At the city's airport, Albury is 164 metres (538 ft) above sea level. Albury has

637-535: A depot at Fort Grey (today this site is within Sturt National Park ). With a small group of men, including explorer John McDouall Stuart as his draughtsman, Sturt pressed on across what is now known as Sturt's Stony Desert and into the Simpson Desert . Unable to go further, he turned back to the depot. Sturt made a second attempt to reach the centre of Australia, but he developed scurvy in

728-415: A federal executive until one could be formally elected. The city has a number of suburbs. Central Albury comprises the central business district (CBD) and lies between the railway line, the Murray River and Monument Hill. Much commercial activity is concentrated here, with Dean Street forming the axis of the main shopping and office district. A cultural precinct is centred on QEII Square, which includes

819-638: A flood-peak in late spring due to snow-melt in the Murray and its tributaries' alpine headwaters. The flow is now effectively reversed, with low flows in winter and sustained, relatively high flows in late spring, summer and early autumn to meet irrigation demands, although the spring flood peak has been virtually eliminated. The water released from the base of the Hume Weir is unnaturally cold, at least 10 °C (18 °F) colder than it naturally should be. This flow reversal, temperature depression, and removal of

910-529: A massive search was conducted over eight days to find him. Days later both the Governor and his remainder of the party reached Adelaide on 28 December. Though Bryan was never found, his horse returned to Adelaide after several months. In September 1841, Sturt chaired a Bench of Magistrates that conducted an official inquiry into the circumstances of the Rufus River massacre . The inquiry concluded "that

1001-413: A maximum above 35 °C (95 °F) occur in this summer period, with many cooler days. Mean mid winter maxima are 12 °C (54 °F) with many cloudy days, and is likewise the wettest season. Albury gets approximately 20 days per year featuring minima of below freezing, though the cloud cover tends to limit frost. Sleet may occur during the winter months, but settling snowfalls are very rare, with

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1092-492: A mild, temperate climate , with cool, damp winters and warm to hot, mostly dry, summers. Under the Köppen climate classification , Albury has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ), but would have tendencies of a Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) as well. In high summer, the mean daily maximum temperature is 31 °C (88 °F) with low humidity; however, this is subject to substantial daily variation. An average of 17 days with

1183-626: A military role in World War II with the establishment of ordnance bases at Bandiana and Bonegilla . Proclaimed a city in 1946, Albury played a role in the post-war immigration to Australia with the establishment nearby of Australia's first migrant centre, the Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre in 1947. Albury's proximity to Wodonga has spurred several efforts to achieve some kind of municipal governmental union (see Albury-Wodonga ). In 1973, Albury-Wodonga

1274-722: A new school was built in Olive Street on land which is now part of Albury Public School. The city's first mayor, James Fallon, was an innovator of the Public School , funding a demonstration High School to be built on Kiewa Streets. Albury High School opened in Kiewa Street in 1927. The Royal Commission on Sites for the Seat of Government of the Commonwealth report of 1903 recommended Albury (along with Tumut ) as

1365-498: A small residential/farming community to the west, Ettamogah (home of the Ettamogah Pub ), Bowna and Table Top to the north, and Wirlinga and Lake Hume village to the east. Howlong (20 km west) and Jindera (16 km north) are the closest towns outside the Albury city area, and act as commuter dormitories as well as service centres for the local rural industries. Albury's houses and buildings are numbered using

1456-560: A special system introduced in 1920. The centre of the city, which is defined as the intersection of Dean and Olive Streets, is numbered 500, and all other houses are numbered depending on whether they are north, south, east or west of the centre. Lake Hume is situated on the Murray River 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) upstream of Albury. The Hume Dam (colloquially termed the Weir locally) wall construction took 17 years, from 1919 to 1936. A hydro-electric power plant supplies 60 MW of power to

1547-435: A town was commissioned in 1838 by Assistant Surveyor Thomas Townsend who mapped out Wodonga Place (the present Wodonga Place) as the western boundary, Hume Street as the northern boundary, Kiewa Street to the east and Nurigong Street to the south, with Townsend Street being the only other north–south road, and Ebden and Hovell Streets being the two other east–west roads. Townsend proposed the settlement be named 'Bungambrawatha ',

1638-422: A way of restoring his reputation in the colony and London. Two days late while riding in very hot weather, with their water supply dwindling, both the men and horses were suffering. During the return journey to the river, Bryan's horse was slow, and was lagging behind the main group. When a dust storm occurred, Bryan got lost, was separated from his horse, and most likely died. His body was never recovered, although

1729-590: Is Kevin Mack. Albury has a longstanding connection to conservative politics. Following the first convention in Canberra to form the Liberal Party of Australia , delegates, including Sir Robert Menzies , met for a second conference in Albury at Mate's Department Store between 14 and 16 December 1944. The delegates agreed on the structure of the party organisation, adopted a provisional constitution and appointed

1820-400: Is a mix of residential and industrial areas, with the floodplains south of the railway line and freeway still used for farming and grazing. Flood mitigation works in the 1990s have dramatically reduced the risk of flooding in this area. North Albury was covered by orchards and vineyards in the first half of the 20th century, and a swamp existed where James Fallon High School now stands. After

1911-550: Is a more sheltered site than the reservoir, generally attaining greater maximum temperatures but also lower minima. Rainfall is lower across the board. Albury is the largest city in the Federal electorate of Farrer , whose current representative is Sussan Ley of the Liberal Party . The previous Federal MP was Tim Fischer , who was leader of the National Party and Deputy Prime Minister of Australia . In State politics,

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2002-637: Is by private car, however traffic is generally moderate. The opening of the Hume Freeway bypass on 4 March 2007, has greatly eased previous traffic congestion on the Lincoln Causeway, allowing vastly better flow between Albury and Wodonga. Charles Sturt Charles Napier Sturt (28 April 1795 – 16 June 1869) was a British officer and explorer of Australia, and part of the European exploration of Australia . He led several expeditions into

2093-698: Is located in the Murray region of New South Wales , Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury-Wodonga and is located on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River . Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name – the City of Albury . It is on the Victoria–New South Wales border. Albury has an urban population of 53,677 and

2184-613: Is now the Riverina Highway, then turned north through Thurgoona via today’s Table Top Rd then Old Sydney Road, then crossed Bowna Creek to follow Plunkett Rd to Bowna. The deviation, opened in 1933, follows the first 9 km of the Wagga Road, then crossed the railway and ran to Bells Road before turning east then southeast to Bowna. Most of this route, although now duplicated, remains as part of the Hume Highway, other than

2275-614: Is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga , by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 97,793 in 2021. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne. Said to be named after a village in England, United Kingdom , Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and

2366-492: Is summarised in the Australian Dictionary of Biography as follows: Although Sturt probably entered his career as an explorer through influence, his selection was justified by results. He was a careful and accurate observer and an intelligent interpreter of what he saw, and it was unfortunate that much of his work revealed nothing but desolation. He prided himself with some justice on his impeccable treatment of

2457-515: Is the largest suburb of Albury, and the only suburb which has its own postcode (2641, as opposed to 2640 for the balance of Albury). The suburb was originally named Black Range in the 1850s and 1860s, before being renamed Lavington in 1910. Originally within the boundaries of Hume Shire, it was absorbed into the City of Albury Local Government Area in the 1950s. Housing and commercial development has continued from that point until this day. Prior to 2007,

2548-622: The Albury Library Museum , Murray Art Museum Albury (MAMA), Albury Entertainment Centre and Convention Centre, and the Murray Conservatorium. In the same block are the Post Office, Police Station and Courthouse, and St Matthew's Anglican Church (which was rebuilt after being destroyed by fire in 1990). The Albury City Council offices are located on Kiewa Street. Forrest Hill lies directly north west and covers

2639-820: The Electoral district of Albury is currently represented by Justin Clancy , also of the Liberal Party. The member for Albury between 1932 and 1946, Alexander Mair , was the Premier of New South Wales from 1939 to 1941. Local government is the responsibility of the Albury City Council , whose area of responsibility has gradually been enlarged to cover new housing estates on the city's fringes. Amanda Duncan-Strelec became Albury's first female Mayor in 1995, serving for one year. The current mayor of Albury

2730-470: The Hume Highway – passed north-east through the suburb, with Urana Road passing north-west through the suburb from the "Five Ways" road junction. In 2007, an internal bypass of the Hume Freeway was opened, with the former name of the Hume Highway section officially reverting to the commonly used "Wagga Road". The suburb of Lavington also includes the localities of Springdale Heights, Hamilton Valley and Norris Park. Albury's lawn cemetery and crematorium lies at

2821-541: The MacRobertson Trophy Air Race (also known as the London to Melbourne Air Race), made an emergency night landing at the town's racecourse after becoming lost during severe thunderstorms. After signalling by Morse code A-L-B-U-R-Y to the lost aircrew by using the entire town's public lighting system, the "Uiver" was guided in to land safely. The makeshift runway at the racecourse was illuminated by

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2912-767: The 2009 Yellow Creek deviation. The other minor highways which connect to Albury are the Riverina Highway , which runs west through Berrigan to Deniliquin and east to Lake Hume ; and the Olympic Highway which diverges north from the Hume 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north of Albury, and runs across the South Western Slopes via Wagga Wagga , Cootamundra and Young to terminate at the Mid-Western Highway at Cowra . In 1888,

3003-479: The 21st century, major Wiradjuri groups live in Condobolin , Peak Hill , Narrandera and Griffith . There are significant populations at Wagga Wagga and Leeton and smaller groups at West Wyalong, Parkes, Dubbo, Forbes, Cootamundra, Cowra and Young. The explorers Hume and Hovell arrived at what their maps called 'Crossing Point', but is now known as the Murray River at Albury, on 16 November 1824. They named

3094-638: The Aboriginal name for the area, but when his plan was eventually approved and published in the Government Gazette on 13 April 1839 the name had been changed to Albury. Albury is said to be named after a village in Kent , England which it apparently resembled, though that referenced publication seems incorrect since there is no Albury in Kent. More plausible is Albury in adjacent Surrey, straddling

3185-490: The Aboriginals, and earned the respect and liking of his men by his courtesy and care for their well-being. Indeed his capacity for arousing and retaining affection was remarkable; it made him an ideal family man but a failure in public life. Without toughness and egocentricity to balance his poor judgment and business capacity he had little chance of success in colonial politics. In this sphere, he might well be described as

3276-765: The Americans in Canada during the War of 1812 . He returned to Europe a few days after the Battle of Waterloo . Sturt was gazetted lieutenant on 7 April 1823 and promoted captain on 15 December 1825. With a detachment from his regiment, Sturt escorted convicts aboard the Mariner to New South Wales , arriving in Sydney on 23 May 1827. Sturt was a cousin of the wife of Henry Dumaresq , brother-in-law of Governor Ralph Darling, which

3367-515: The February low of 42.1 mm (1.66 in). Albury has quite a high evaporation rate in summer, giving the environment a relatively arid appearance. The city enjoys a high amount of sunshine, getting around 108 days of clear skies annually (with the majority in summer and early autumn). The sunniest month is January, with 14.6 clear days (and 7.7 cloudy days), and the cloudiest month is July, with 17.5 cloudy days (and 3.9 clear days). The airport

3458-580: The Interior of Southern Australia during the years 1828, 1829, 1830 and 1831 , of which a second edition appeared in 1834. For the first time the public in England realised the importance of Sturt's work. Governor Darling's somewhat tardy but appreciative dispatch of 14 April 1831, and his request for Sturt's promotion, had had no result. Sir Richard Bourke , who had succeeded Darling, was also unsuccessful in persuading Viscount Goderich to give "this deserving officer your Lordship's protection and support". Though

3549-624: The Legislative Council. Born to British parents in the Bengal Presidency , Sturt was educated in England for a time as a child and youth. He was placed in the British Army because his father was not wealthy enough to pay for Cambridge. After assignments in North America, Sturt was assigned to accompany a ship of convicts to Australia in 1827. Finding the place to his liking, he made his life there. Charles Sturt

3640-517: The Murray, until he reached the river's confluence with the Darling. Sturt had now proved that all the western-flowing rivers eventually flow into the Murray. In February 1830, the party reached a large lake, which Sturt called Lake Alexandrina . A few days later, they reached the sea, later named as the Southern Ocean . There they made the disappointing discovery that the mouth of the Murray

3731-577: The Smollett Street wrought iron arch bridge was constructed over Bungambrawatha Creek. Smollet Street was extended westward through the botanical gardens to give direct access from Albury railway station to Howlong Road by a straight street. The bridge is near the botanic gardens and the local swimming pool. The bridge is a rare example of a metal arch bridge in New South Wales, and is the oldest of only two such bridges in New South Wales,

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3822-469: The Tillingbourne river and a significant 18th century site of mills and industry. By 1847 the Albury settlement included two public houses and a handful of huts, a police barracks and a blacksmiths. A log punt established in 1844 serviced the crossing of the Murray River . Albury Post Office opened on 1 April 1843, closed in 1845, then reopened in the township on 1 February 1847. In 1851, with

3913-505: The World War II, housing development in the area increased and Waugh Road was extended from David Street to the "Five Ways" intersection at Union Road, which ascribes the border between North Albury and Lavington . The locality of Glenroy is adjacent to North Albury, west of the Bungambrawartha Creek, and housing was developed here in the 1970s, including a significant Housing Commission public housing estate. Lavington

4004-518: The army. The remainder of his family went to live at Dinan to economise after the expenses of education and fitting out. But they found the town to be unhealthy and in 1863 returned to Cheltenham. In 1864 Sturt suffered great grief in the death of one of his sons in India. In March 1869 Sturt attended the inaugural dinner of the Colonial Society, at which Lord Granville mentioned that it was

4095-466: The broad gauge and reloaded onto a standard gauge railway wagon on the opposite side of the platform. In his book Tramps Abroad , writer Mark Twain in 1895 wrote of the break of gauge at Albury and changing trains: ""Now comes a singular thing, the oddest thing, the strangest thing, the most unaccountable marvel that Australia can show. At the frontier between NSW and Victoria our multitude of passengers were routed out of their snug beds by lantern light in

4186-683: The broad gauge track to a second standard gauge track, between Seymour and Albury, was substantially completed in 2011. The railway station and its associated yards are listed on both the Australian National Heritage List and the New South Wales State Heritage Register . Albury Airport , owned and operated by the City of Albury , is the second busiest regional airport in New South Wales with around 280,000 passenger movements per year. The airport, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of

4277-471: The city centre, has scheduled daily flights to Sydney , Melbourne and Brisbane through commercial carriers. The road leading from Albury Airport to the city was renamed Borella Road in 1979, in honour of Victoria Cross recipient Albert Chalmers Borella , who was buried at Albury. Local public transport is provided exclusively by private bus operators, Martin's Albury and Dysons who run day time bus services. The overwhelming majority of local transport

4368-486: The colonial office did not seem to recognise the value of Sturt's work, publication of his book was important because it captured the attention of Edward Gibbon Wakefield , who read it. He chose South Australia for a new settlement then being contemplated by the government. In May 1834, based on his services, Sturt applied for a grant of land in Australia, intending to settle on it. In July instructions were given that he

4459-417: The conduct of Mr Moorhouse and his party was justifiable, and indeed unavoidable in their circumstances". Sturt believed that it was his destiny to discover a great saltwater lake, known as 'the inland sea', in the middle of Australia. At very least, he wanted to be the first explorer to plant his foot in 'the centre' of Australia. In August 1844, he set out with a party of 15 men, 200 sheep, six drays , and

4550-399: The difference in gauges and speed up traffic, a bogie exchange device lifted freight wagons and carriages allowing workers to refit rolling stock with different gauged wheel-sets. The break of railway gauge at Albury was a major impediment to Australia's war effort and infrastructure during both World Wars, as every soldier, every item of equipment, and all supplies had to be off-loaded from

4641-655: The extreme conditions. His health broke down and he was forced to abandon the attempt. John Harris Browne , surgeon on the expedition , assisted Sturt, took over leadership of the party and, after travelling a total of 3,000 miles (4,800 km), brought it back to safety. Early in 1847 Sturt went to England on leave. He arrived in October and was presented with the Royal Geographical Society 's Founder's Medal . He prepared his Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia for publication; however, it

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4732-451: The first train ran direct from Sydney to Melbourne. The two states could not initially agree which should be the transfer point so they had an expensive and attractive iron lattice bridge sent from Scotland which accommodated both gauges. There was a school operating at Albury in 1848, catering for 13 private students. The following year the first National School opened on the corner of Dean and Kiewa Streets, with 73 students enrolled. In 1862

4823-469: The flat land directly north of it is covered by parkland, housing and light industry, and a retail park including Harvey Norman and Spotlight franchises, as well as the city airport . The Mungabareena Reserve lies on the Murray south of the airport, and is considered an Aboriginal cultural site of some significance. Mungabareena means "place of plenty talk" in the Wiradjuri language. South Albury

4914-399: The headlights of cars belonging to local residents who had responded to a special news bulletin on ABC radio station 2CO. After refuelling the next day, many local volunteers helped pull the stranded aircraft out of the mud and the aircraft was able to take off and continue to Melbourne where it won first prize in the race's handicap category and was second overall. Albury and Wodonga played

5005-556: The intention of the government to extend the Order of St Michael and St George to the colonies. Sturt allowed himself to be persuaded by his friends to apply for a knighthood (KCMG), but afterwards regretted he had done so, when he heard there were innumerable applications. Sturt's health had been very variable and on 16 June 1869, he died suddenly. He was survived by his widow, two sons, Colonel Napier George Sturt, R.E. and Major-General Charles Sheppey Sturt, and daughter Charlotte. Mrs Sturt

5096-505: The interior of the continent, starting from Sydney and later from Adelaide . His expeditions traced several of the westward-flowing rivers, establishing that they all merged into the Murray River , which flows into the Southern Ocean. He was searching to prove his own passionately held belief that an " inland sea " was located at the centre of the continent. He reached the rank of Captain , served in several appointed posts, and on

5187-539: The last significant snowfall in July 1966. The highest temperature recorded at Albury was 46.1 °C on 4 January 2020, and the lowest temperature was −4.0 °C recorded on 8 August 1994 (both at the Airport AWS station). Albury's mean annual rainfall is 699.1 millimetres (27.52 in). Rainfall peaks distinctly in the winter months with a high mean of 75.9 mm (2.99 in) in July and August, comparing with

5278-411: The latest technology, free access to computer and free wifi. The center showcases Albury's rich culture and heritage and organizes interactive exhibitions, also furnishing the visitors with ample of reading and research materials. For those interested in history, the Crossing Place: A Story of Albury, helps to get an insight into the history of the city from the Wiradjuri , the Australian aborigines and

5369-478: The longest in Australia. The broad gauge section of track between Seymour and Albury has now been converted to standard gauge; there is no longer a break-of-gauge at Albury station. The station is served by a three daily V/Line train services from Melbourne (terminating at Albury) and the NSW TrainLink Melbourne-Sydney XPT service, which runs twice daily in each direction. In 1873, the 5-foot-3-inch (1.60 m) broad gauge railway line from Melbourne reached

5460-407: The lower reaches of Ginninderra Creek , near present-day Canberra . (Sturt named the property 'Belconnen', a name now applied to the nearby population centre .) In 1838 he, with Giles Strangways, a Mr McLeod, and Captain John Finnis , herded cattle overland from Sydney to Adelaide , on the way proving that the Hume and the Murray were the same river. In September 1838, Sturt led an expedition to

5551-426: The meantime, in December 1839, Sturt and his wife accompanied George Gawler , Julia Gawler, Henry Bryan and Henry Inman on a Murray River expedition, visiting Mount Bryan . Julia Gawler, Charlotte Sturt and Charlotte's maidservant became the first white women to travel the Murray. Sturt served briefly as the Registrar-General, but he soon proposed a major expedition with Henry Bryan into the interior of Australia as

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5642-411: The morning in the biting cold to change cars. Think of the paralysis of intellect that gave that idea birth, imagine the boulder it emerged from, on some petrified legislator's shoulders." During World War II military armouries and warehouses were established in the vicinity of Albury at Bonegilla, Wirlinga and Bandiana. Similar stores were also established at Tocumwal and Oaklands . The conversion of

5733-451: The mouth of the Murray, which settled all dispute as to the suitability of Adelaide for the colony's capital. After returning to NSW to settle his affairs, Sturt settled at what is now Grange, South Australia in early 1839; he was appointed Surveyor General of South Australia and a member of the South Australian Legislative Council . When the London-appointed Surveyor-General Edward Frome unexpectedly arrived, Sturt had to step down. In

5824-399: The other being the Sydney Harbour Bridge . Albury railway station is on the main Sydney-Melbourne railway line. Originally, New South Wales and Victoria had different track gauges , which meant that all travellers in either direction had to change trains at Albury. To accommodate this, a very long railway platform was needed; the 450-metre (1,480 ft) long covered platform is one of

5915-469: The party from starvation. But Sturt went blind for some months and never fully recovered his health. By the time they reached Sydney again, they had rowed and sailed nearly 2,900 kilometres of the river system. Sturt briefly served as Commander on Norfolk Island , where mutiny was brewing among the convicts. Because of his ill health, he went to England in 1832 on sick leave, arriving there almost completely blind. In 1833 he published his Two Expeditions into

6006-409: The preferred candidate for the national capital , though the proposal met staunch opposition from residents. At a public meeting, just one member of parliament voted in favour of Albury – Isaac Isaacs , member for Indi . The lack of support for other places ultimately led to the selection of Canberra as the preferred site. In 1934, a Douglas DC-2 airliner of KLM (the "Uiver"), a competitor in

6097-424: The right owners of the land, the post-war European migration to the present-day big city. [REDACTED] Media related to Albury Library Museum at Wikimedia Commons This article relating to library science or information science is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Albury Albury ( / ˈ ɔː l b ər i / ; Wiradjuri : Bungambrawatha ) is a major regional city that

6188-477: The river the Hume River , after Hume's father, and the next day inscribed a tree by the river bank before continuing their journey south to Westernport in Victoria. In 1830, explorer Captain Charles Sturt discovered the Hume River downstream at its junction with the Murrumbidgee River . Not realising it was the same river, he named it the Murray River. Both names persisted for some time, Hume falling into disuse eventually in favour of Murray. The Aboriginal name for

6279-432: The river was Millewa . A crossing place for the Murray became popular close to where Hovell inscribed the tree. In summer it was usually possible to cross the river by foot. Among the first squatters to follow in the steps of the explorers and settle in the district were William Wyse and Charles Ebden . The first European buildings erected at the crossing place were a provisions store and some small huts. A survey for

6370-410: The saddle between Monument Hill and Nail Can Hill. West over the ridge lies West Albury . West Albury is primarily a residential area, but it is home to the First World War Memorial (locally known as the Monument), Riverwood Retirement Village, Albury Wodonga Private Hospital (which lies on the corner of Pemberton Street and the Riverina Highway), and the Albury sewage treatment plant. All of West Albury

6461-424: The separation of Victoria from New South Wales, and the border falling on the Murray River, Albury found itself a frontier town. With an increase in commerce with Melbourne, the first bridge was built in 1860 to the design of surveyor William Snell Chauncy . Albury at this time became a customs post between the two colonies as New South Wales held a protectionist stance after gaining its constitution in 1856. Albury

6552-511: The spring flood peak, has led to the drying out and loss of many billabongs and has harmed the populations of native fish of the Murray River such as the iconic Murray Cod . Several threatened species can be found in Albury, including the Sloane's froglet , Regent Honeyeater , and Squirrel Glider (Petaurus norfolcensis). Situated on the Hume Highway , Albury is a major transit point for interstate commerce. In March 2007, Albury city centre

6643-422: The state grid. When full, the lake covers 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi). The lake was created for irrigation purposes and has caused significant changes to the flow patterns and ecology of the Murray River. Before the construction of the Hume Weir, flows in normal (non-drought) years were low in summer and autumn (though still significant overall), rising in winter due to seasonal rainfall and reaching

6734-477: The township of Belvoir/Wodonga. In 1881, the New South Wales 4-foot-8.5-inch (1.435 m) standard gauge railway line reached Albury, with a railway bridge joining the two colonies in 1883. Albury became the stop over, where passengers on the Melbourne-Sydney journey changed trains until 1962, when a standard gauge track was opened between the two capitals. After World War II, in an attempt to overcome

6825-659: The western end of Union Road. Thurgoona , to the east of Lavington, was established as a new residential suburb by the Albury Wodonga Development Corporation in the 1970s. In the 1990s a new campus of Charles Sturt University was established here, as was an office of the Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre. A major golf club (Thurgoona Country Club Resort) is also situated in this suburb. Further outlying localities include Splitters Creek –

6916-455: Was a maze of lagoons and sandbars, impassable to shipping. The party faced the ordeal of rowing back upriver on the Murray and Murrumbidgee, against the current, in the heat of an Australian summer. Their supplies ran out and, when they reached the site of Narrandera in April, they were unable to go any further. Sturt sent two men overland in search of supplies and they returned in time to save

7007-554: Was at this time starting to grow substantially with German speaking immigrants using the area to grow grapes for wine. By the 1870s a butter factory was established, flour mill , wineries and locally brewed cider and soft drinks were available. The railway line from Sydney arrived at Albury in 1881 (see Transport-Rail below). A temporary wooden railway bridge joined the line to the Victorian network in 1883. New South Wales and Victoria had different track gauges until 1962, when

7098-507: Was born in the Bengal Presidency , the eldest son (of thirteen children) of Thomas Lenox Napier Sturt, a judge under the British East India Company , and his wife. At the age of five, Charles was sent to live with relatives in England to be educated, as was customary for the children of the colonial upper class. After attending a preparatory school, he was sent to Harrow in 1810. In 1812, Charles went to read with

7189-551: Was bypassed by a new section of the Hume Freeway . The city centre bypass includes the new Spirit of Progress Bridge over the Murray River, and cost $ 518 million, the most expensive road project built in rural Australia at that time. Creation of the lake resulting from construction of the Hume Dam from 1915 onward necessitated a 30 km deviation of the Hume Highway. The Highway originally ran east out of Albury, along what

7280-546: Was carried with them; it was assembled, and on 7 January 1830 they began their eventful voyage down the Murrumbidgee. In January 1830 Sturt's party reached the confluence of the Murrumbidgee and a much larger river, which Sturt named the Murray River . It was in fact the same river which Hume and Hovell had crossed further upstream and named the Hume. Several times the party was in danger from Aborigines but Sturt always succeeded in propitiating them. Sturt proceeded down

7371-573: Was given a pension of £600 a year. He settled on 200 hectares (490 acres) of land close to Adelaide and the sea. But the gold discoveries had increased the cost of living there. On 19 March 1853 Sturt and his family sailed for England. Sturt lived at Cheltenham and devoted himself to the education of his children. In 1855 Sturt applied unsuccessfully for the positions of Governor of Victoria and in 1858 for Governor of Queensland . Sturt's age, uncertain health, and comparatively small income were against him. By 1860 Sturt's three sons were all serving in

7462-443: Was granted a civil list pension of £80 a year, and the queen granted her the title of Lady Sturt, as if her husband's nomination to a knighthood of the order of St Michael and St George had been gazetted. Reproductions of portraits of Sturt by Crossland and Koberwein were published in his biography, called Life, written by his daughter-in-law, Mrs N. G. Sturt . These suggest the charm and refinement of Sturt's character. Sturt's life

7553-610: Was keen to explore the Australian interior, especially its rivers. Sturt received approval from Governor Darling on 4 November 1828 to explore the area of the Macquarie River in western New South Wales. It was not, however, until 10 November that the party started out. It consisted of Sturt, his servant Joseph Harris, three soldiers and eight convicts; on 27 November Sturt was joined by Hamilton Hume as his first assistant. Hume's experience proved to be very useful. A week

7644-533: Was later to complicate his relationship with Sir Thomas Mitchell , who resented those whom he judged were treated favourably by Darling. Sturt found the conditions and climate in New South Wales much better than he expected, and he developed a great interest in the country. The Governor of New South Wales , Sir Ralph Darling , formed a high opinion of Sturt and appointed him major of brigade and military secretary. Sturt became friendly with John Oxley , Allan Cunningham , Hamilton Hume , and other explorers. Sturt

7735-579: Was not an inland sea, but deepened the mystery of where the western-flowing rivers of New South Wales went. In 1829 Governor Darling approved an expedition to solve this mystery. Sturt proposed to travel down the Murrumbidgee River , whose upper reaches had been seen by the Hume and Hovell expedition . In place of Hume, who was unable to join the party, George Macleay went "as a companion rather than as an assistant". A whaleboat built in sections

7826-590: Was not published until early in 1849. Throughout this time he was suffering again with poor eyesight. Sturt returned to Adelaide with his family, arriving in August 1849. He was immediately appointed Colonial Secretary with a seat in the legislative council. There was no lack of work in the ensuing years. Roads were constructed, and navigation on the Murray was encouraged. However Sturt had renewed trouble with his eyes, which limited his ability to perform these duties. On 30 December 1851, he resigned from both positions and

7917-603: Was once wetland and bush. The only remnant of this is Horseshoe Lagoon to the south-west of the suburb, which has been declared a Wildlife Refuge by NSW Parks & Wildlife and incorporated into the Wonga Wetlands. To the north-west of West Albury is Pemberton Park . East Albury lies east of the railway line/freeway from the CBD and houses now cover the eastern hill alongside the Albury Base Hospital, while

8008-491: Was proclaimed a city in 1946. The Wiradjuri (Wiradjuri northern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjd̪uːraj]) or Wirraayjuurray people (Wiradjuri southern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjɟuːraj]) people were the first known humans to occupy the area, and are a group of Indigenous Australian Aboriginal people that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunter–fisher–gatherers in family groups or clans scattered throughout central New South Wales. In

8099-483: Was selected as the primary focus of the Whitlam federal government's scheme to redirect the uncontrolled growth of Australia's large coastal cities (Sydney and Melbourne in particular) by encouraging decentralisation. Grand plans were made to turn Albury-Wodonga into a major inland city and large areas of the surrounding farmland were compulsorily purchased by the government. Some industries were enticed to move there, and

8190-634: Was spent at Wellington Valley breaking in oxen and horses, and on 7 December the real start into comparatively little known country was made. 1828–29 was a period of drought and the party had difficulty in finding sufficient water. They had followed the courses of the Macquarie, Bogan and Castlereagh rivers and, though its importance was scarcely sufficiently realised, had visited the Darling River . The party returned to Wellington Valley on 21 April 1829. The expedition proved that northern New South Wales

8281-430: Was to receive a grant of 5,000 acres (2,000 ha); in exchange, Sturt agreed to give up his pension rights. On 20 September 1834, Sturt married Charlotte Christiana Greene, daughter of a longtime family friend. Soon afterward, the couple sailed for Australia. Sturt returned to Australia in mid-1835 to begin farming on his own 20 square kilometres (4,900 acres) of land, granted to him by the New South Wales government on

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