102-697: Alessandra Mussolini (born 30 December 1962) is an Italian politician, television personality, model and former actress and singer. Mussolini has been a member of both houses of the Italian Parliament as well as the European Parliament . She is also known for being a member of the Mussolini family as a granddaughter of Benito Mussolini . Since 2022, she has been a Member of the European Parliament for Forza Italia . Mussolini first gained fame through acting and modelling. In 1982, as
204-491: A femme fatale opposite Walter Matthau , Jack Lemmon , and Ann-Margret . The film was a box-office success and became Loren's biggest US hit in years. At the 20th Moscow International Film Festival in 1997, she was awarded an Honorable Prize for contribution to cinema. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Loren among the greatest female stars of American film history . In 2001, Loren received
306-924: A BAFTA Award , a Laurel Award , a Grammy Award , the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival and the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival . In 1991, she received the Academy Honorary Award for lifetime achievements. In 1999, the American Film Institute named her one of the greatest stars of American film history . At the start of the 1980s, Loren chose to make rarer film appearances. Since then, she has appeared in films such as Prêt-à-porter (1994), Grumpier Old Men (1995), Nine (2009), and The Life Ahead (2020). Loren
408-618: A pop music album of romantic songs under the title Amore on Alfa Records ; the album was released only in Japan and has since become something of a collectors item. Mussolini also appeared as a glamour model , including on the cover of two European editions of Playboy , in Italy (August 1983) and Germany (November 1983). "When you are an actress, you are dealing with the body. Every actress does topless and stuff like this; you have to," she has said. Mussolini continued as an actress into
510-654: A Special Grand Prix of the Americas Award at the Montreal World Film Festival for her body of work. She filmed two projects in Canada during this time: the independent film Between Strangers (2002), directed by her son Edoardo and co-starring Mira Sorvino , and the television miniseries Lives of the Saints (2004). In 2009, after five years off the set and 14 years since she starred in
612-612: A Woman , Boy on a Dolphin , Legend of the Lost and The Pride and the Passion (1957), the latter film a Napoleonic era war-epic set in Spain starring Cary Grant and Frank Sinatra . Loren became an international film star following her five-picture contract with Paramount Pictures in 1958. Among her films at this time were Desire Under the Elms with Anthony Perkins , based upon
714-407: A brand of eyewear soon followed. Loren acted infrequently during the 1980s, preferring to devote more time to raising her sons. In 1981 she turned down the role of Alexis Carrington in the television series Dynasty . Although she was set to star in 13 episodes of CBS's Falcon Crest in 1984 as Angela Channing's half-sister Francesca Gioberti, negotiations fell through at the last moment and
816-419: A coalition, so long at least one party within the coalition reached the required 3% threshold), and is calculated nationally. Notwithstanding this, a different threshold is needed for lists representing linguistic minorities, which is 20% and is calculated on a regional basis. The Chamber comprises 400 members elected by universal suffrage and by citizens who are 18 or older. Out of the total number, according to
918-431: A comment made by UKIP MEP Godfrey Bloom in which he said that "No self-respecting small businessman with a brain in the right place would ever employ a lady of child-bearing age. That isn't politically correct, is it, but it's a fact of life. The more women's rights you have, it's actually a bar to their employment." and: "I just don't think [women] clean behind the fridge enough," Mussolini responded by saying I know
1020-405: A committee formed so that it conforms to the proportions of the various parliamentary groups." In order to fulfill its function as the ordinary organ through which popular sovereignty is exercised, Parliament can employ the same investigative and coercive instruments as the judiciary in these inquests. The Parliament meets and votes in joint session ( Italian : Parlamento in seduta comune ) for
1122-562: A majority of all MP's in each house (absolute majority) in its second reading. Depending on the results of this second vote, the constitutional law may then follow two different paths. Article 139 of the Constitution holds the "form of Republic" above amendment. In addition to its legislative functions, Parliament also reviews the actions of Government and provides it with political direction. Parliament exercises its review function by means of questions and inquests. Questions consist of
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#17327871168901224-709: A member of The People of Freedom. The party was transformed into a new Forza Italia in November 2013. In the 2014 European Parliament election , Mussolini was elected to the EP for Forza Italia . In 1993 Mussolini was a candidate for the post of mayor of Naples, but was defeated by Antonio Bassolino . She claimed that her relations with Gianfranco Fini , leader of the Alleanza Nazionale, never were very good; she then later withdrew, resigning over differences with him at least once. She unsuccessfully challenged him for
1326-498: A member of parliament cannot be at the same time both a senator and a deputy; regarding presidents and vice-presidents, the precedence is given to the older one. The number of deputies and senators was fixed by a constitutional amendment in 1963: in its original text, the Constitution provided for a variable number of Members of Parliament depending on the population. From 1963 to 2022, the Chamber of Deputies had 630 members, while
1428-520: A mistake on her tax return. The matter did not hamper her popularity or career. In 2013, the Supreme Court of Italy cleared her of the charges in a separate decades-long dispute over the tax she should have paid on her 1974 earnings. In September 1999, Loren filed a lawsuit against 79 adult websites for posting altered nude photos of her on the internet. In The Motion Picture Herald , both British and American exhibitors voted for Loren within
1530-655: A mother in 1968. During the next decade, most of her roles were in Italian features. During the 1970s, she was paired with Richard Burton in the last De Sica-directed film, The Voyage (1974), and a remake of the film Brief Encounter (1974). The film had its premiere on US television on 12 November 1974 as part of the Hallmark Hall of Fame series on NBC. In 1976, she starred in The Cassandra Crossing . It fared extremely well internationally, and
1632-633: A new television career. She took part, as contestant, in Milly Carlucci 's Ballando con le stelle and in Carlo Conti 's Tale e quale show obtaining success. In November 2022, Mussolini returned to politics to replace Antonio Tajani as a Forza Italia MEP after his election to the Chamber of Deputies . Italian Parliament Opposition (87) Opposition (157) The Italian Parliament ( Italian : Parlamento italiano )
1734-556: A part of the cast, she received her first nomination for a Screen Actors Guild Award . In 2010, Loren played her own mother in a two-part Italian television miniseries about her early life, directed by Vittorio Sindoni with Margareth Madè as Loren, entitled La mia casa è piena di specchi ( My House Is Full of Mirrors [ it ] ), based on the memoir by her sister Maria. In July 2013 Loren made her film comeback in an Italian short-film adaptation of Jean Cocteau 's 1930 play The Human Voice ( La voce umana ), which charts
1836-630: A prominent US theatrical film, Loren starred in Rob Marshall 's film version of Nine , based on the Broadway musical that tells the story of a director whose midlife crisis causes him to struggle to complete his latest film; he is forced to balance the influences of numerous formative women in his life, including his deceased mother. Loren was Marshall's first and only choice for the role. The film also stars Daniel Day-Lewis , Penélope Cruz , Kate Hudson , Marion Cotillard , and Nicole Kidman . As
1938-534: A proposal in the form of a draft law, approved by 50,000 voters), individual Regional Councils , and the National Council for Economics and Labour (CNEL). Once a proposal is introduced in one of the two Houses, it is assigned to a parliamentary committee to carry out preliminary inspection of the proposal (taking advantage of advice of other committees, especially, the so-called "filter committees"). At this point, two different procedures can be taken. In
2040-479: A rewritten script for which Drake asked not to receive credit. The affair ended in bitterness before The Pride and the Passion ' s filming ended, causing problems on the Houseboat set. Grant hoped to resume the relationship, but Loren decided to marry Carlo Ponti instead. In 1982, while in Italy, Loren made headlines after serving 17 days in prison on tax evasion charges. Loren said her accountant had made
2142-468: A set of functions explicitly established by the Constitution. Article 55.2 specifies that these functions are entrenched and cannot be altered. Joint sessions take place in the building of the Chamber of Deputies at Palazzo Montecitorio and are presided over by the President of the Chamber of Deputies ex officio . In this way, the drafters of the Constitution intended to establish an equilibrium with
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#17327871168902244-558: A singer, she released a city pop album entitled Amore . Mussolini starred in her final film in 1990 and left the industry after a producer asked her to change her name. In 2004, she became the first woman to lead a political party in Italy when she founded the national conservative political party Social Action . She was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2008 to 2013 and the Italian Senate from 2013 to 2014 where she
2346-433: A single ballot. The ballot includes all candidates for a given single-member district (majoritarian component). For each candidate, the parties and party-lists that supported him/her are also listed, which is used to determine the proportional seats. These latter seats are allocated within each single regional constituency. A 3% minimum threshold for single party-lists is required for the proportional component (or 10% if within
2448-804: A star on 16 November 2017, at Almeria Walk of Fame in Spain for her work on White Sister . She received the Almería Tierra de Cine award. Loren is a Roman Catholic . Since 2006 her primary residence has been in Geneva , Switzerland. Her real estate portfolio has included a ranch in Hidden Valley , California, an apartment in the Hampshire House building in Manhattan, a condo on Williams Island in South Florida, and
2550-530: A strengthened legislative process ad hoc for the passing of a constitutional law. Article 138 of the Constitution provides for the special procedure through which the Parliament can adopt constitutional laws (including laws to amend the Constitution), which is a variation of the ordinary legislative procedure. The ordinary procedure to adopt a law in Italy requires both Houses of Parliament to approve
2652-799: A villa in Rome. Loren is an ardent fan of the football club S.S.C. Napoli . In May 2007, when the team was third in Serie ;B , she (then aged 72) told the Gazzetta dello Sport that she would do a striptease if the team won. She had recently posed for the 2007 Pirelli Calendar . In February 2021, she was the guest on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs and chose a pizza oven as her luxury item. Her musical choices included Cole Porter 's " I've Got You Under My Skin " as sung by Ella Fitzgerald , and Debussy 's " Clair de lune " as played by Tamás Vásáry . She revealed that fellow actor Richard Burton
2754-679: A vita ). The Italian Parliament is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (with 400 members or deputati elected on a national basis), as well as the Senate of the Republic (with 200 members or senatori elected on a regional basis, plus a small number of senators for life or senatori a vita , either appointed by the President of the Republic or former Presidents themselves, ex officio ). The two Houses are independent from one another and never meet jointly except under circumstances specified by
2856-462: A written question directed to the Government, asking whether a certain claim is true, whether the Government is aware of it, and whether the Government is taking any action about it. The response can be given by the relevant Government minister, by the chairperson of the relevant ministry, or by an undersecretary. It may be given in writing or delivered to the parliament orally. The member who asked
2958-674: Is an Italian actress, active in her native country and the United States. With a career spanning over 70 years, she is one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood cinema. Encouraged to enroll in acting lessons after entering a beauty pageant, Loren began her film career at age 16 in 1950. She appeared in several bit parts and minor roles in the early part of the decade, until her five-picture contract with Paramount in 1956 launched her international career. Her film appearances around this time include The Pride and
3060-563: Is an affront to democracy, if they're going to exclude the Social Alternative they will have to exclude all the parties, because all the signature lists are false," Mussolini told Reuters. Mussolini went on a hunger strike to protest the decision. However, at the end of the month Italy's top administrative court, the Council of State , annulled the decision and she stood for election. In November 2007, remarks by Mussolini triggered
3162-489: Is led by the President of the Council of Ministers and is the national executive of Italy, needs to have the confidence of both houses in order to exercise its power fully. It must receive a vote of confidence by both houses before being officially in power, and Parliament can cast a motion of no confidence at any moment, which forces the President of the Council of Ministers and his/her Cabinet to resign. The President of
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3264-453: Is passed to the other house, which can amend it before approving or rejecting it. If approved without amendments, the bill is then promulgated by the President of the Republic and becomes law. If approved with amendments, it goes back to the other house. The process continues until the bill is approved in the same text by both houses (in which case it becomes law after promulgation) or is rejected by one house. The Council of Ministers , which
3366-419: Is required to be appointed senator for life (but Presidents of the Republic must be 50 or older). The main prerogative of Parliament is the exercise of the legislative power , that is the power to enact laws. For a bill to become law, it must receive the support of both houses independently in the same text. A bill is first introduced in one of the houses, amended, and then approved or rejected: if approved, it
3468-690: Is the national parliament of the Italian Republic . It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1861), the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitional National Council (1945–1946) and the Constituent Assembly (1946–1948). It is a bicameral legislature with 600 elected members and a small number of unelected members ( senatori
3570-534: The Rosatellum bis , As the Senate of the Republic, the Chamber of Deputies is elected on a single ballot, as indicated above for the Senate of the Republic. The only difference is that the proportional component is calculated based on the national average of the vote. The Italian Parliament is one of the few legislatures in the world to reserve seats for those citizens residing abroad . There are 8 such seats in
3672-617: The Constitution of Italy . By the Constitution, the two houses of the Italian Parliament possess the same powers, unlike in most parliamentary systems. Perfect bicameralism has been codified in its current form since the adoption of the Albertine Statute , and resurged after the overthrow of the fascist dictatorship of the 1920s and 1930s. No distinction is made between deputies and senators, notwithstanding that
3774-669: The Eugene O'Neill play; Houseboat , a romantic comedy co-starring Cary Grant ; and George Cukor 's Heller in Pink Tights , in which she appeared as a blonde for the first time. In 1960, Loren starred in Vittorio De Sica 's Two Women , a stark, gritty story of a mother who is trying to protect her 12-year-old daughter in war-torn Italy. The two end up gang-raped inside a church as they travel back to their home city following cessation of bombings there. Originally cast as
3876-610: The Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award , a similar honorary award, bestowed by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association , for outstanding contributions to the world of entertainment. She presented Federico Fellini with his honorary Oscar in April 1993. In 2009, Loren stated on Larry King Live that Fellini had planned to direct her in a film shortly before his death in 1993. Throughout
3978-532: The Italian media as surprising because of Mussolini's "progressive" stances on many issues, including abortion, artificial insemination , gay rights and civil unions . She has been an outspoken feminist and has been described by conservative commentators as a "socialist" and a "left-winger." In the 2004 European Parliament election , Social Alternative , gained 1.2% of the electoral list vote. Mussolini herself received 133,000 preference votes. In response to
4080-509: The Miss Italia 1950 beauty pageant and was assigned as Candidate No. 2, being one of the four contestants representing the Lazio region. She was selected as one of the last three finalists and won the title of Miss Elegance 1950, while Liliana Cardinale won the title of Miss Cinema and Anna Maria Bugliari won the grand title of Miss Italia. She returned in 2001 as president of the jury for
4182-468: The Second World War . Mussolini, however, defended the right of Israel to exist and declared that the world "should beg forgiveness of Israel." Following her resignation, Mussolini formed her Social Action party, originally named "Freedom of Action," and organised a coalition named Social Alternative . This made her the first female leader of an Italian political party. The move was read in
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4284-430: The "normal procedure", the committee holds a referral meeting, drafts a response and names a spokesperson to report this response, then leaves the responsibility for composing and approving the bill's text to the assembly. This must be completed in no more than four months for the Chamber of Deputies and two months for the Senate. Once the bill has come before one of the chambers, a general discussion takes place, followed by
4386-414: The "special procedure" (also called the "decentralised legislative procedure") can be employed. In this case, the committee holds a drafting meeting (leaving only the final approval of the bill to the parliament), or a deliberative/legislative meeting (in which case the entire legislative process is carried out by the committee and the bill is not voted on by parliament at all). This procedure can be vetoed by
4488-587: The 1980s. Some of the films she featured in were made for Italian television. However, she still acted in standard cinematic films, such as The Assisi Underground in which she played a nun ; the movie focused on the Roman Catholic Church rescuing Italian Jews from the Nazis in 1943. She starred in her final film in 1990 and then left the film industry to continue studying after a producer asked her to change her name. In 1992, Alessandra Mussolini
4590-575: The 1990s and 2000s, Loren was selective about choosing her films and ventured into various areas of business, including cookbooks, eyewear, jewelry, and perfume. She received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance in Robert Altman 's film Ready to Wear (1994), co-starring Julia Roberts . In 1994, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs , California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to her. In Grumpier Old Men (1995), Loren played
4692-558: The 200 elected members, the Senate, as per article 59 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic , also comprises a small number of senators for life . These can be differentiated into: The voting age mandated for both houses is the age of majority : any Italian citizen who is eighteen or older can vote. But the two houses have a different age of candidacy : deputies are required to be twenty-five or older, while elected senators must be forty or older. No explicit age limit
4794-558: The 61st edition of the pageant. In 2010, Loren crowned the 71st Miss Italia pageant winner. Sofia Lazzaro enrolled in the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia , the national film school of Italy and appeared as an uncredited extra in Mervyn LeRoy 's 1951 film Quo Vadis , when she was 16 years old. That same year, Loren appeared in the Italian film Era lui... sì! sì! , in which she played an odalisque , and
4896-774: The Chamber of Deputies and 4 in the Senate of the Republic, in accordance with Law n. 459 of 27 December 2001 (as amending articles 48, 56, and 57 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic), also known as Legge Tremaglia . The current membership of the Senate of the Republic, following the latest general election . The current membership of the Chamber of Deputies, following the latest general election : Sophia Loren Sofia Costanza Brigida Villani Scicolone L.d'H. OMRI ( Italian: [soˈfiːa vilˈlaːni ʃʃikoˈloːne] ; born 20 September 1934), known professionally as Sophia Loren ( / l ə ˈ r ɛ n / lə- REN , Italian: [ˈlɔːren] ),
4998-481: The English have a sense of humour about themselves, but I am from Naples and I can say that us women do know how to cook and clean the refrigerator and even be politicians, while perhaps Godfrey Bloom does not know either how to clean the refrigerator or how to be a politician. In March 2005, Mussolini was banned by a local court from regional elections held the following month for presenting fraudulent signatures. "This
5100-640: The European Parliament. In 2006, she responded to claims by the transgender Italian parliamentary candidate Vladimir Luxuria that she was a "fascist" by saying that it would be better to be a fascist than it would be to be gay. Her stance on homosexuality changed consistently from the late 2000s. In 2010, Mussolini condemned the Vatican's comparison of homosexuality with paedophilia , stating "You can't link sexual orientation to pedophilia … this link risks becoming dangerously misleading for
5202-564: The Italian Constitutional Court, which agreed to rehear the appeal in the Lorenzoni case, which had been dismissed the year before, it was stated that autodichia might be found in violation of the independence of the judiciary. The constitution defines "Parliamentary status" in articles 66 , 67 , 68 and 69 . Article 67 ("Prohibition on imperative mandate ) states that "every member of parliament represents
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#17327871168905304-550: The Passion , Houseboat , and It Started in Naples . During the 1950s, she starred in films as a sexually emancipated persona and was one of the best known sex symbols of the time. Loren's performance as Cesira in the film Two Women (1960), directed by Vittorio De Sica , won her the Academy Award for Best Actress , making her the first performer to ever win an Oscar for a non-English-language performance. She holds
5406-442: The Republic can dissolve one or both houses, and new elections are held if a new Prime Minister is unable to receive the support of both houses. The process by which the Italian Parliament makes ordinary laws, the iter legis ordinario , is as follows: Proposals can be made by the Government, individual Members of Parliament (who must present their proposal to the Chamber that they are a member of), private citizens (who must present
5508-964: The Roman Empire . In 1965, she received a second Academy Award nomination for her performance in Marriage Italian-Style opposite Marcello Mastroianni. Among Loren's best-known films of this period are Samuel Bronston 's epic production of El Cid with Charlton Heston , The Millionairess (1960) with Peter Sellers , It Started in Naples (1960) with Clark Gable , Vittorio De Sica's triptych Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (1963) with Marcello Mastroianni, Peter Ustinov 's Lady L (1965) with Paul Newman , Arabesque (1966) with Gregory Peck , and Charlie Chaplin 's final film, A Countess from Hong Kong (1967) with Marlon Brando . Loren received four Golden Globe Awards between 1964 and 1977 as "World Film Favorite – Female". Loren appeared in fewer movies after becoming
5610-619: The Scicolone last name. Loren has two younger paternal half-brothers, Giuliano and Giuseppe. Romilda, Sofia, and Maria lived with Loren's grandmother in Pozzuoli , near Naples . During the Second World War , the harbour and munitions plant in Pozzuoli was a frequent bombing target of the Allies . During one raid, as Loren ran to the shelter, she was struck by shrapnel and wounded in
5712-409: The Senate had 315 elected members. Following the 2020 Italian constitutional referendum , the number of MPs in the Parliament has been reduced from 630 to 400 in the Chamber of Deputies and from 315 to 200 in the Senate . The proposed changes were approved, with 69.96% voting in favour. The reduction of the number of MPs came to fruition with the following Legislature XIX of Italy . In addition to
5814-426: The Senate in article 65, which explicitly foresees such action. The Chambers of the Italian Parliament enjoy special prerogatives to guarantee their autonomy with respect to other parts of Government: In some matters (e.g. employment disputes) the Italian Parliament acts as its own judicial authority (without using external courts), which is referred to as " autodichia " (self-judging). In order no. 137 of 2015 of
5916-414: The bill has been approved in the same form by both houses of Parliament, it is sent to the President of the Republic, who must promulgate it within one month or send it back to Parliament for renewed debate with a written justification. If after the renewed debate the bill is approved by Parliament again, the President of the Republic is constitutionally required to promulgate it. Once it has been promulgated,
6018-509: The bill in the same text, with a simple majority (i.e., the majority of votes cast). Constitutional laws start by following the same procedure; however, after having been approved for the first time, they need to be voted for by both Houses a second time, which can happen no sooner than three months after the first. In this second reading, no new amendments to the bill may be proposed: the bill must be either approved or rejected in its entirety. The constitutional law needs to be approved by at least
6120-532: The breakdown of a woman who is left by her lover – with her younger son, Edoardo Ponti , as director. Filming took under a month during July in various locations in Italy, including Rome and Naples. It was Loren's first theatrical film since Nine . She returned to feature-length film, as Holocaust survivor Madame Rosa, in Ponti's 2020 feature film The Life Ahead . In 2021 she received AARP Best Actress and AWFJ Grand Dame awards for her role. Loren received
6222-576: The children adopted their mother's surname, but she went through a complex legal process to allow them to do so. She has since campaigned for Italian law to be changed to allow all children to take their mother's last name if they wish. Her husband was one of the accused scheduled to appear in court for a child prostitution trial in 2015. In 2013, Floriani was one of around 50 men—among them celebrities, professionals, priests, journalists and politicians—who were accused of paying two teenage girls, aged 14 and 15, for sexual services in Rome. Wiretaps revealed he
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#17327871168906324-504: The chin. After that, the family moved to Naples, where they were taken in by distant relatives. After the war, Loren and her family returned to Pozzuoli. Loren's grandmother Luisa opened a pub in their living room, selling homemade cherry liquor. Romilda played the piano , Maria sang, and Loren waited on tables and washed dishes. The place was popular with the American GIs stationed nearby. At age 15, Loren as Sofia Lazzaro entered
6426-470: The collapse of the far-right Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty grouping within the European Parliament. Mussolini declared that all Romanians were criminals in remarks regarding immigration policy. This prompted delegates from the Greater Romania Party to quit the group, bringing the group below the minimum number of members to qualify as a caucus and receive Parliamentary funding. In the 2019 European Parliament election , she lost her bid for re-election to
6528-433: The daughter, Loren fought against type and was eventually cast as the mother (actress Eleonora Brown would portray the daughter). Loren's performance earned her many awards, including the Cannes Film Festival 's best performance prize, and an Academy Award for Best Actress , the first major Academy Award for a non-English-language performance or to an Italian actress. She won 22 international awards for Two Women . The film
6630-404: The earlier system of "authorisation to proceed" ( autorizzazione a procedere ) for convictions in cases with defined sentences. Finally, article 69 states that "members of parliament receive compensation set down by the law," thereby affirming that parliamentarians must receive compensation and cannot renounce that compensation. This reverses the principle laid down in the Albertine Statute, which
6732-471: The execution of a final court judgement or if caught in the act of a crime for which it is compulsory to arrest someone caught in the act. An analogous standard is required in order to put members of parliament under any form of surveillance." Neither immunity nor inviolability are prerogatives of individual parliamentarians; they are intended to protect the free exercise of Parliament's functions against judicial interference, which occurred in earlier regimes when
6834-729: The fourth child of Benito Mussolini , fascist dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943, and Marianna Pia Villani Scicolone (born 11 May 1938, Rome). Actress Sophia Loren is her maternal aunt. She has a half-sister, Rachele Mussolini , who is also a politician as a member of Brothers of Italy . From 1976 to 1980 she went to high school at the American Overseas School of Rome . She graduated in 1994 from Sapienza University of Rome , where she got her Master of Science in medicine and surgery. She married customs policeman Mauro Floriani on 28 October 1989. Contrary to tradition, she proposed to him. Together they have three children, Caterina, Clarissa, and Romano—the last named after his grandfather. Later,
6936-406: The international success of the biography Sophia Loren: Living and Loving, Her Own Story by A. E. Hotchner , Loren portrayed herself and her mother in a made-for-television biopic adaptation of her autobiography , Sophia Loren: Her Own Story . Ritza Brown and Chiara Ferrari each portrayed the younger Loren. In 1981, she became the first female celebrity to launch her own perfume , 'Sophia', and
7038-582: The judiciary was under Government control and was not autonomous. There is controversy with respect to the principle of immunity about what statements are expressed in the member's parliamentary role and the Constitutional Court distinguishes between political activities and parliamentary activities, and even with respect to the latter, distinguishes between activities which are immune and activities which are not immune because they contradict other constitutional principles and rights. The principle of inviolability results from Constitutional Law #3 of 1993, which revoked
7140-447: The law is published in the official gazette by the Ministry of Justice and enters into force after the vacatio legis (15 days unless otherwise specified). The rigidity of the Constitution is ensured by the special procedure required to amend it. With the same procedure, Parliament can adopt a constitutional law, which is a law with the same strength as the Constitution. This process is referred to as iter legis aggravato , that is,
7242-407: The law upon proposal of the bill to Parliament. The Senate comprises 200 members elected by universal suffrage and by citizens who are 18 or older. Out of the total number, according to the Rosatellum bis : In addition to the elected members, the Senate, as per article 59 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic , also comprises senators for life as discussed above. The Senate is elected on
7344-579: The lead role in Two Nights with Cleopatra (1953), her breakthrough role was in The Gold of Naples (1954), directed by Vittorio De Sica . Too Bad She's Bad , also released in 1954, and La Bella Mugnaia (1955) became the first of many films in which Loren co-starred with Marcello Mastroianni . Over the next three years, she acted in many films, including Scandal in Sorrento , Lucky to Be
7446-697: The leadership of the party when he withdrew support for Mussolini in a television interview in January 2002. Mussolini suddenly left the National Alliance on 28 November 2003, following the visit of party leader and the Deputy Prime Minister Gianfranco Fini to Israel , where he described fascism as part "the absolute evil" with regard to the Holocaust as he apologised for Italy's role as an Axis Power during
7548-463: The nation and performs their functions without limitation by a mandate." The members are considered to receive a general mandate from the whole electorate, which cannot be revoked by the initiative of the individual electoral district which elected them, nor by their political party. This general mandate is not subject to judicial review, only political review through constitutionally defined methods (mainly elections and referendums). Article 68 lays down
7650-430: The new version of the bill must be returned to the first chamber to approve these changes. If the bill repeats this process many times it is said to be "shuttling" or " dribbling ." This procedure is obligatory for bills which concern constitutional and electoral matters, the delegation of legislative power, the authorisation of the ratification of international treaties , the approval of the budget . In all other cases,
7752-483: The power of the President of the Senate to exercise the functions of the President of the Republic when the latter is indisposed. Joint sessions take place for the following matters explicitly established by the Constitution: There is debate among legal scholars about whether the Parliament in joint session can make its own standing orders. Most scholars think it can, by analogy with the regulation of
7854-499: The principles of immunity ( insindacabilità ) and inviolability ( inviolabilità ), stating that "the members of parliament cannot be called to account for the opinions they express or the votes that they cast in the exercise of their functions" and that "without the permission of the chamber to which they belong, no member of parliament can be subjected to a body search or a search of their home, nor can they be arrested or otherwise stripped of their personal freedom, or imprisoned, except in
7956-560: The protection of children". In 2022, she supported the anti- homophobia " Zan bill" and she refused to provide her gender information on her MEP identity card after returning to the European Parliament. She left Forza Italia in 2018, following the party's decision to be in opposition to the Conte government . She has used Twitter to defend the memory of her grandfather from critics such as actor Jim Carrey , and fans of Scottish football club Celtic F.C. In December 2020, she left politics for
8058-415: The question can respond to say whether or not the answer is satisfactory. In injunctions, a fact is noted with a request for the reasons for the conduct of the Government and its future intentions. The process is done by writing. If the member who filed the injunction is not satisfied with the response, they can present a motion to hold a debate in the Parliament. The provision of political direction embodies
8160-453: The record for having earned seven David di Donatello Awards for Best Actress: Two Women ; Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (1963); Marriage Italian Style (1964, for which she was nominated for a second Oscar); Sunflower (1970); The Voyage (1974); A Special Day (1977) and The Life Ahead (2020). She has won five special Golden Globes (including the Cecil B. DeMille Award ),
8262-510: The relationship of trust which is meant to exist between Parliament and the Government. It takes the form of confidence votes and votes of no confidence. These can be held concerning the entire Government or an individual minister. Other means of providing political direction include motions, resolutions, and day-orders giving instruction to the Government. Under Article 82 of the Constitution , "each chamber can undertake inquests into matters of public interest. For this purpose, they should appoint
8364-407: The review (with a vote) article by article, and finally a vote on the whole bill, which is normally an open ballot (secret ballots are possible for matters of individual conscience). If the bill passes the vote in one chamber then it passes to the other chamber of the parliament, where it must be voted through without any further changes. If the other chamber does make any modifications to the bill then
8466-598: The role went to Gina Lollobrigida instead. She played the title role in the 1984 TV movie Aurora , in which she acted alongside her 11-year-old real-life son Edoardo Ponti . Loren has recorded more than two dozen songs throughout her career, including a best-selling album of comedic songs with Peter Sellers ; reportedly, she had to fend off his romantic advances. Partly owing to Sellers's infatuation with Loren, he split with his first wife, Anne Howe. Loren has made it clear to numerous biographers that Sellers's affections were reciprocated only platonically . This collaboration
8568-448: The seats allocated using a majoritarian system (single-member districts; first-past-the-post ), and the remaining about two-thirds (63%) of the seats allocated using a proportional system (multi-member districts; D'Hondt method ), with one round of voting. This electoral law is colloquially known as the Rosatellum bis , or simply Rosatellum , after Ettore Rosato , member of the Chamber of Deputies for Italia Viva , first signatory of
8670-433: The seventh in her career. The movie was extremely well received by American reviewers. Following this success, Loren starred in an American thriller Brass Target . This movie received mixed reviews, although it was moderately successful in the United States and internationally. In 1978, she won her fourth Golden Globe for "world film favorite". Other movies of this decade were Academy Award nominee Sunflower (1970), which
8772-402: The vote of one tenth of the members of the Chamber in which the bill was originally proposed, by a vote of one fifth of the members of the committee, or by the decision of the Government. There are special procedures for the passage of laws granting emergency powers , the annual law incorporating EU law, annual financial laws (such as the budget), and the passage of laws under urgency. Once
8874-512: The youngest son of Benito Mussolini , Romano , with whom she had two daughters, Alessandra , a former MP and MEP , and Elisabetta. Loren and Cary Grant co-starred in Houseboat (1958). Grant's wife Betsy Drake wrote the original script, and Grant originally intended that Drake would star with him. After he began an affair with Loren while filming The Pride and the Passion (1957), Grant arranged for Loren to take Drake's place with
8976-580: Was a critical success, and Arthur Hiller's Man of La Mancha (1972), which was a critical and commercial failure despite being nominated for several awards, including two Golden Globes. Peter O'Toole and James Coco were nominated for two NBR awards, in addition the NBR listed Man of La Mancha in its best ten pictures of 1972 list. Loren headlined the action thriller Firepower (1979) co-starring James Coburn and O. J. Simpson , whom she had previously worked with on The Cassandra Crossing . In 1980, after
9078-944: Was a piano teacher and aspiring actress, her father a failed engineer who worked temporarily for the national railway Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane . Loren claimed in her autobiography that he was of noble descent, by virtue of which she is entitled to call herself "Viscountess of Pozzuoli, Lady of Caserta, a title given by the House of Hohenstaufen , Marchioness of Licata Scicolone Murillo". Loren's father refused to marry her mother, leaving her without financial support. Loren met her father three times, at age five, age seventeen and in 1976 at his deathbed, stating that she forgave him but had never forgotten his abandonment of her mother. Loren's parents had another child together, her sister Maria , in 1938. Scicolone did not want to formally recognise Maria as his daughter. When Loren became successful, she paid her father in order to have her sister Maria take
9180-516: Was a respectable box office success in the US market. She co-starred with Marcello Mastroianni again in Ettore Scola 's A Special Day (1977). This movie was nominated for 11 international awards such as two Oscars (best actor in leading role, best foreign picture). It won a Golden Globe Award and a César Award for best foreign movie. Loren's performance was awarded with a David di Donatello Award,
9282-788: Was appointed Knight of the Legion of Honour in France in July 1991, and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (OMRI) in June 1996. Sofia Costanza Brigida Villani Scicolone was born on September 20, 1934, in the Clinica Regina Margherita in Rome , Kingdom of Italy , the daughter of Romilda Villani (1910–1991) and Riccardo Scicolone Murillo (1907–1976). Her mother
9384-526: Was approved by then French Prime Minister Georges Pompidou . Ponti then obtained a divorce from Giuliana in France, allowing him to marry Loren on 9 April 1966. The marriage lasted until Ponti's death on 10 January 2007 from pulmonary complications, aged 94. The couple had two sons, Carlo Ponti Jr. , born on 29 December 1968, and Edoardo Ponti , born on 6 January 1973. Loren's daughters-in-law are Sasha Alexander and Andrea Meszaros. Loren has four grandchildren. In 1962, Loren's sister Maria married
9486-506: Was covered in The Life and Death of Peter Sellers where actress Sonia Aquino portrayed Loren. The song " Where Do You Go To (My Lovely)? " by Peter Sarstedt was said to have been inspired by Loren. In 1991, Loren received an Academy Honorary Award , which described her as "One of the genuine treasures of world cinema who, in a career rich with memorable performances, has added permanent luster to our art form." In 1995, she received
9588-569: Was credited as Sofia Lazzaro . In the early part of the decade, she played bit parts and had minor roles in several films, including La Favorita (1952) . Carlo Ponti changed her name and public image to appeal to a wider audience as Sophia Loren , being a twist on the name of the Swedish actress Märta Torén and suggested by Goffredo Lombardo . Her first starring role was in Aida (1953), for which she received critical acclaim. After playing
9690-552: Was elected to parliament in a Naples constituency as a member of the Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI). After the Italian general elections of April 2008, Mussolini served as a member of the Italian parliament within Silvio Berlusconi 's alliance of right wing parties, The People of Freedom . In the Italian general election of February 2013, she was elected to the Senate of the Republic as
9792-534: Was elected under The People of Freedom which later became part of Forza Italia. She was elected to the European Parliament in 2014 . Mussolini left politics temporarily in December 2020 for a reality television career. She returned as an MEP in November 2022, succeeding Antonio Tajani , after he was appointed in the Meloni government . Alessandra Mussolini was born in Rome, the daughter of Romano Mussolini ,
9894-685: Was extremely well received by critics and a huge commercial success. Though proud of this accomplishment, Loren did not show up to this award, citing fear of fainting at the award ceremony. Nevertheless, Cary Grant telephoned her in Rome the next day to inform her of the Oscar award . During the 1960s, Loren was one of the most popular actresses in the world, and continued to make films in the United States and Europe, starring with prominent leading men. In 1961 and 1964, her career reached its pinnacle when she received $ 1 million to appear in El Cid and The Fall of
9996-750: Was furious with her for cheating at Scrabble . On 24 September 2023, Loren received emergency surgery following fractures to her hip and femur sustained from a fall at her home in Switzerland. Loren first met Carlo Ponti in 1950, when she was 15 and he was 37. Though Ponti had been long separated from his first wife, Giuliana, he was not legally divorced when Loren married him by proxy (two male lawyers stood in for them) in Mexico on 17 September 1957. The couple had their marriage annulled in 1962 to escape bigamy charges, but continued to live together. In 1965, they became French citizens after their application
10098-438: Was held during 2015 in Rome. Mussolini was taken under the wing of her aunt Sophia Loren for a while and started a career as an actress in the Italian film industry during the 1970s. A Special Day (1977), in which she had a minor role as "Maria Luisa," won an American Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . During 1982, Mussolini released
10200-481: Was involved in an altercation while filming for a Porta a Porta talk show episode on sexual harassment . She was verbally accosted by Katia Bellillo , then Minister for Equal Opportunities, who got up and approached Mussolini. In response Mussolini verbally and physically attacked Bellillo, calling her an "ugly communist" who should "go and live in Cuba." She has been a painter since 2014 and her first solo exhibition
10302-536: Was one of the clients who contacted the girls most often. In 2015, Floriani pled guilty to soliciting the services of an underage prostitute, and received a one-year suspended sentence. She is first cousin once-removed to Caio Giulio Cesare Mussolini, Benito Mussolini's great-grandson, who ran for the Fratelli d’Italia party in the 2019 European Parliament election . She considers herself Roman Catholic , although she does not attend Mass regularly. In 2001, Mussolini
10404-414: Was the opposite, and is linked to the principle of equality (article 3) and the prohibition on imperative mandate (article 67). The national elections for the renewal of members of the Senate of the Republic and Chamber of Deputies are regulated by Law n. 165 of 3 November 2017. It introduces a mixed electoral system in the form of parallel voting (mixed-member majoritarian), with about one-third (37%) of
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